Moving to a new town or even a new neighborhood is stressful at any age, but a new study shows that frequent moves in childhood are related to poorer well-being(幸福) in adulthood, especially among people who are more introverted(内向的) or neurotic(神经症的).
The researchers tested the relationship between the number of childhood moves and well-being in a sample of 7108 American adults who were followed for 10 years.
“We know that children who move frequently are more likely to perform poorly in school and have more behavioral problems,” said the study’s lead author Shigehiro Oishi. “However, the long-term effects of moving on well-being in adulthood have been overlooked by researchers.”
The study’s participants, who were between the ages of 20 and 75, were contacted in 1994 and 1995 and were surveyed again 10 years later. They were asked how many times they had moved as children, as well as about their psychological well-being, personality type and social relationships.
The researchers found that the more times people moved as children, the more likely they were to report lower life satisfaction and psychological well-being at the time they were surveyed. The research also showed that those who moved frequently as children had fewer quality social relationships as adults.
The researchers also looked to see if different personality types affected frequent movers’ well-being. Among introverts, the more moves participants reported as children, the worse off they were as adults. “Moving a lot makes it difficult for people to keep long-term close relationships.” Said Oishi. “This might not be a serious problem for outgoing people who can make friends quickly and easily.”
The findings showed neurotic people who moved frequently reported less life satisfaction and poorer psychological well-being than people who did not move as much and people who were not neurotic. However, the number and quality of neurotic people’s relationships had no effect on their well-being, no matter how often they had moved as children. In the article, Oishi thinks this may be because neurotic people have more negative reactions to stressful life events in general.
“We can guess that moving often creates more stress,” Oishi said. “But we need more research on this link before we can conclude that moving often in childhood can, in fact, be dangerous to your health in the long-term.”
小题1:What can be learnt about the new study from the passage?

A．The participants were from all over the world.

B．It was carried out in two periods of time.

C．The participants were mostly old people.

D．The participants had poor health.

小题2:What is the purpose of the study?

A．To show the relationship between moving and performance in school

B．To show the relationship between moving and well-being

C．To investigate Americans’ well-being in general

D．To research the personality types of Americans

小题3:According to Oishi,            .

A．moving a lot is a serious problem for outgoing people

B．moving probably makes some people feel worried and tense

C．moving frequently is likely to help people make more friends

D．moving often is dangerous to people’s health in the long-term

小题4:The fifth and sixth paragraphs mainly talk about             .

A．the process of the study

B．the results of the study

C．the importance of the study

D．the theory of the study

小题5:It can be inferred from the passage that           .

A．adults should take more care over their kids

B．neurotic people are likely to move frequently

C．children who move frequently behave well in school

D．personality types are related to frequent movers’ happiness

There are many international organizations which work to save and protect endangered species(物种) and natural environment. If you would like more information about any of the organizations listed below, you can write to the addresses given.
Friends of the Earth
Friends of the Earth (FOE) campaigns on a range of problems including rainforests, the countryside, water and air pollution and energy.
Friends of the Earth International Secretariat P.O. Box 19199
1000 G. D.
Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Greenpeace
Greenpeace uses peaceful but direct action to defend the environment. It campaigns to protect rainforests and sea animals, stop global warming and end pollution of air, land and seas. It also opposes nuclear(核) power.
Greenpeace International
Keizergracht 176
1016 DW Amsterdam
The Netherlands
BirdLife
INTERNATIONAL
BirdLife International is an organization which works to save endangered birds all over the world.
BirdLife International
Wellbrook Court
Girton Road
Cambridge CB3 ONA
England
WWF
WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature is the world’s largest private international organization for the protection of nature and endangered species.
Information Officer
WWF International
Avenue du Mont-Blanc
1196 Gland
Switzerland
小题1:If you want to learn more about the organizations, you can           .

A．call them

B．write them a letter

C．visit them

D．send them an e-mail

小题2:Which problem will be paid close attention to by FOE?

A．Overhunting ocean animals	B．Killing endangered birds
C．Heavy air pollution	D．Global warming

小题3:If you are against nuclear power, you can join         .

A．Friends of the Earth	B．World Wide Fund For Nature
C．Greenpeace	D．BirdLife International

小题4:What can we learn about WWF?

A．It helps to protect nature and save endangered animals

B．It is the world’s largest international organization

C．It works for private companies and rich people

D．It is a private organization in the United States

小题5: Which is the best title for the passage?

A．Environmental protection organizations	B．Global traffic problems
C．Endangered animals	D．Natural beauty

Every time you go shopping, the vegetables and fruit look so tempting that you wish you could buy all of them. Some people are lucky and can grow the fruit and vegetables in the gardens that they have. While getting fresh vegetables, they can also achieve great cost cutting.
Mushrooms are expensive and can also go bad very quickly. Mushrooms can also be grown easily in a dark environment. In fact it’s better than growing other vegetables since you really don’t need an outdoor space. A special type of soil that is good for growing mushrooms is easily available.
Actually mushrooms aren’t even vegetables; they are fungi(菌类) and for this reason, you don’t even require sunlight to grow them. Well how does one go about growing mushrooms? You could always Google “growing mushrooms” and you will find a number of mushroom growing kits(工具) available online that area effective and not very expensive either.
Mushrooms can be added to any dish that you cook. Simply use them in pizzas, salads and anything that you pretty much fancy. Grow mushrooms in your own house and use them whenever you want. Fresh mushrooms are tastier than the ones that are stored in your refrigerator.
If you have had a really good crop of mushrooms, then you can even store them. Ideally you should use the white variety of the mushrooms. Simply pick them, slice them and put them on a cookie sheet in a freezer. When they area frozen, just put them in a zip lock and you can use them when you want to. They give a really great taste to the dish that you are making. Thaw them before you use them.
You should try growing mushrooms, since it’s cost-effective. Furthermore, you can eat the fresh mushrooms any time that you want.
小题1: What is an advantage of growing vegetables according to the passage?

A．You can eat all kinds of vegetables

B．You are lucky to eat what you like

C．You can save lots of money

D．You can satisfy your desire

小题2: Mushrooms are different from other vegetables in that      .

A．they can be grown where there is no light

B．they can grow well in an outdoor space

C．it is easy for them to go bad in a few days

D．they can grow without soil

小题3: The third paragraph is mainly to tell us that          .

A．mushrooms are not vegetables

B．Internet helps us a lot

C．mushrooms are available online

D．it is easy to grow mushrooms

小题4:Which of the following is the right order of storing mushrooms?
a. put them on a cookie sheet in the refrigerator
b. place frozen mushrooms in a zip lock
c. cut them into slices
d. choose the white mushrooms

A．a-b-c-d

B．d-c-a-b

C．a-d-c-b

D．d-a-c-b

小题5: What would be the best title for this passage?

A．It is easy and fun to grow mushrooms

B．We should eat more fruit and vegetables

C．Mushrooms online are very expensive

D．Mushrooms—tasty and healthy vegetables

One day, when I was in high school, I saw a kid named Kyle from my class walking home from school with all his books. I thought to myself, “  36 would anyone bring home all his books for the weekend? He must really be 37 .”
As I was walking, I saw several kids running toward him. They ran at him,   38 all his books out of his arms and he fell down in the dirt. His glasses went  39 and landed in the grass.
My  40 went out to him. So, I ran over to him.   41 I handed him his glasses, he looked at me and said, “Hey, thanks!”
I helped him pick up his books, and asked him where he lived. As it  42 , he lived near me. We talked all the way home. Over the next four years, Kyle and I became best friends.
Kyle was the  43 student of our class, one of those guys that really found  44 during high school. Therefore he had the honor to prepare a  45 speech. On the graduation day, I could see that he was  46 . So, I patted him on the back and said, “Hey, big guy, you’ll be  47 !” He looked at me and smiled.
He cleared his throat, and began. “Graduation is a time to  48 those who helped you make it through those  49 years. Your parents, your teachers…but mostly your friends. I am here to tell all of you that being a friend to someone is the best  50 you can give him.”
I just looked at my friend with  51 as he told the story of the first day we met. He had planned to  52 himself over the weekend and was carrying his books home. “Thankfully, nothing happened. My friend  53 me from doing the unspeakable(不能说出来的).”
Not until that moment did I realize that you should never underestimate(低估) the  54 of your actions. With one small gesture you can  55 a person’s life. For better or for worse.

小题1:	A．How B．When C．Why D．Where

小题2:	A．stupid B．clever C．wonderful D．anxious

小题3:	A．throwing B．knocking C．taking D．catching

小题4:	A．lost B．sending C．broken D．flying

小题5:	A．heart B．head C．hands D．thought

小题6:	A．While B．As C．Because D．Once

小题7:	A．passed B．came up C．went on D．turned out

小题8:	A．top B．hardest C．favorite D．luckiest

小题9:	A．friendship B．themselves C．pleasure D．it

小题10:

A．class B．school C．graduation D．college

小题11:

A．excited B．nervous C．proud D．crazy

小题12:

A．great B．famous C．praised D．honored

小题13:

A．reward B．remember C．thank D．congratulate

小题14:

A．happy B．exciting C．old D．difficult

小题15:

A．chance B．gift C．help D．favor

小题16:

A．wonder B．anxiety C．disbelief D．pride

小题17:

A．kill B．enjoy C．test D．hurt

小题18:

A．protected B．freed C．warned D．saved

小题19:

A．price B．use C．power D．meaning

小题20:

A．destroy B．change C．save D．understand

It may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech．At some point in every speech, every speaker says something that is not understood exactly as he has planned．Fortunately, the moments are usually not obvious to the listeners. Why ? Because the listeners do not know what the speaker plans to say. They hear only what the speaker does say. If you lose your place for a moment, wrongly change the order of a couple of sentences, or forget to pause at a certain point, no one will be any the wiser．When such moments occur, don’t worry about them. Just continue as if nothing happened．
Even if you do make an obvious mistake during a speech, that don’t really matter. If you have ever listened to Martin Luther King’s famous speech – “ I have a dream”, you may notice that he stumble（结巴）his words twice during the speech．Most likely, however, you don’t remember．Why? Because you were fixing your attention on its message rather than on his way of speech-making. People care a lot about making mistakes in a speech because they regard speech-making as a kind of performance rather than as an act of communication. They feel the listeners are like judges in an ice-skating competition．But, in fact, the listeners are not looking for a perfect performer. They are looking for a well-thought-out speech that expresses the speaker’s ideas clearly and directly．Sometimes a mistake or two can actually increase a speaker’s attractiveness by making him more human．
As you work on your speech, don’t worry about being imperfect．Once you free your mind of this, you will find it much easier to give your speech freely．
小题1:The underlined part in the first paragraph means that no one will ___________．

A．be smarter than you	B．notice your mistakes
C．do better than you	D．know what you are talking about

小题2:You don’t remember obvious mistakes in a speech because ___________．

A．your attention is on the content

B．you don’t fully understand the speech

C．you don’t know what the speaker plans to say

D．you find the way of speech-making more important

小题3:It can be inferred from the passage that ___________．

A．giving a speech is like giving a performance

B．one to two mistakes in a speech may not be bad

C．the listeners should pay more attention to how a speech is made

D．the more mistakes a speaker makes, the more attractive he will be

小题4:What would be the best title of the passage? 

A．How to Be a Perfect Speaker

B．How to Make a Perfect Speech

C．Don’t Expect a Perfect Speech

D．Don’t Expect Mistakes in a Speech

Basic Math introduces students to the basic things of mathematics, as well as some easy methods of learning it. These 30 fantastic courses are designed to provide students with understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra (代数) and beyond.
　　The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic field of arithmetic. They also look into exponents (指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to that, students also discover how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches , and how they can be used practically.
　　Basic Math starts from easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones.  The lectures offer students the chance to understand of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and develop confidence in this amazing field of study.
　　With the help of these lectures, they will be able to clear away the mystery (神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. Besides, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.
　　Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as "the best math teacher in America, " is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in clear and interesting ways. From the basic ideas to the more difficult problems, he is a master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less frightening
　　With a PhD in Mathematics Education form Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel now teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College.
　　If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.
小题1:What does the course Basic Math mainly cover?

A．Algebra	B．College Mathematics
C．Arithmetic	D．Mathematics Education

小题2: What good things can students expect from Basic Math?

A．Stronger imagination ability.

B．Additional presentation skills.

C．More mathematical confidence.

D．Greater chances of becoming teachers.

小题3:What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel?

A．He is a lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television.

B．He is delivering 30 lectures in Basic Math.

C．He works in Georgia State University.

D．He specializes in training teachers.

小题4:Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?　　

A．news report	B．A book review
C．A lesson plan	D．An advertisement

Botany （植物学） , the study of plants, occupies a particular position in the history of human knowledge．For many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest （模糊的）） of insights．It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient．This is logical．Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things even for other plants．They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people not only for food but also for clothing, tools, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes．Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each．To them, botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of "knowledge" at all．
Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become, the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge grows．Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose or an apple．When nor Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer fields the next season—the first, great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken．Grains were discovered and from them flowed the wonder of agriculture: cultivated crops．From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild, and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience with plants in the wild would begin to fade away．
小题1:What does the writer mean when he says "This is logical" in the first paragraph?

A．Human knowledge of plants is well organized and very detailed．

B．It is not surprising that early humans had a detailed knowledge of plants．

C．There is no clear way to determine the extent of our ancestor's knowledge of plant．

D．It is reasonable to assume our ancestors behave much like people in pre-industrial societies．

小题2:According to the passage, general knowledge of botany begun to fade away because ____．

A．people no longer value plants as a useful resource

B．direct contact with a variety of plants has decreased

C．botany is not recognized as a special branch of science

D．research is unable to keep up with the increasing number of plants

小题3:We learn that the first great step toward the practice of agriculture is____．

A．the changing diets of early humans

B．the development of a system of names for plants

C．the invention of agricultural implements （工具） and machinery

D．the discovery of certain grasses that could be harvested and replanted

小题4:Human would depend on the controlled production of a few plants for living with

A．the knowledge of plants

B．the discovery of certain grasses

C．the development of machinery

D．the appearance of agriculture

It has been argued that an infant under three who is cared for outside the home may suffer because of the separation from his parents．The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby believes that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar （留下疤痕） a child's personality and incline to emotional problems in later life．Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be sent to day care before the age of three, and many people do believe this．But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion．
Firstly, anthropologists （人类学家） point out that the hidden love between children and parents found in modem societies does not usually exist in traditional societies．For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngonis the father and mother of a child did not raise their infant alone．But traditional societies are so different from modern societies that comparisons based on just one factor are hard to understand．
Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents and caretakers found that children had problems with it．But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects．The possibility that such care might lead to more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be noticed by the use of statistics．Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial．
Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have reported that day care had a neutral of slightly positive effect on children's development．But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue．
小题1:This passage is mainly talking about________．

A．children's personality

B．advantages of infants' early care

C．infants' education

D．negative effect of infant school

小题2:The phrase "day care   in the first paragraph probably means_____.

A．nursing school	B．baby-sitter
C．boarding school	D．primary school

小题3:According to Bowlby, children under the age of three______．

A．should not be sent to school

B．should be cared for outside the home

C．will not suffer fro m parental separation

D．don't mind who will look after them

小题4:The argument against Bowlby's conclusion shows that___．

A．children have problems with day care

B．there is no negative effect on infants who go to school before three

C．there is a long-term effect on infants who go to school before three

D．children who are sent to school before three are sent to mental illness

When an ant dies, other ants take it out of the nest, often within an hour after its death. This behavior interests scientists and they wonder how ants know for sure—and so soon—that another ant is dead.
One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behaviour. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I'm dead—take me away” when it is dead.
But there's a question to answer: As we know, if an ant is dead, it stops moving. But when an ant is sleeping or knocked unconscious, it is also not moving. However, other ants don't move the living ant out of the nest. How do they know this ant is not dead? Choe found that ants have another chemical on their bodies, which tells nearby ants something like, “Wait—I'm not dead yet” when it is not dead. Choe suspects that when an ant dies, the chemical that says, “Wait I'm not dead yet” quickly goes away. When other ants detect the “dead” chemical without the “not dead yet” chemical, they move away the body.
To test his theory , Choe and his team put different chemicals on ants. When the scientists used the “I'm dead” chemical, other ants quickly moved the treated ant away. When the scientists used the “Wait—I'm not dead yet” chemical, other ants left the treated ant alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the “not dead yet” chemical overrides the “dead” chemical when picked up by other ants. And that when an ant dies, the “not dead yet” chemical fades away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining “dead” chemical and remove the body from the nest.
Understanding this behavior can help scientists figure out how to stop ants from invading new places and causing problems.
小题1:What is the function of the first paragraph?

A．Leading the following paragraphs.

B．Showing the main idea of the passage.

C．Introducing the background of the passage.

D．Giving a summary of the passage.

小题2:Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “overrides” in the fourth paragraph?

A．is weaker than

B．is stronger than

C．is better than

D．is worse than

小题3: What can we learn from the passage?

A．Living ants can also be taken away when they are not moving.

B．When an ant dies, it can tell others using a certain chemical.

C．A living ant can pretend to be dead using a special chemical.

D．Ants often use chemicals to communicate with each other.

小题4:Which of the following descriptions about Dong-Hwan Choe is right?

A．Choe did this study in order to stop ants from invading new places.

B．Choe is a biologist who is only interested in animals, especially in ants.

C．Choe first came up with an idea to explain this ant behavior，and then did some tests to prove his theory.

D．Choe did the research on this ant behavior on his own

No satisfactory way exists to explain how to form a good idea. You think about a problem until you're tired, forget it, maybe sleep on it, and then flash! When you aren't thinking about it, suddenly the answer arrives as a gift from the gods.
Of course, all ideas don't occur like that but so many do, particularly the most important ones. They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. How they do it is a mystery but they must come from somewhere. Let's assume they come from the "unconscious." This is reasonable, for psychologists use this term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the individual. Creative thought depends on what was unknown becoming known.
All of us have experienced this sudden arrival of a new idea, but it is easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form and have written it down in their life stories and letters. One can draw examples from genius in any field, from religion, philosophy, and literature to art and music, even in mathematics, science, and technical invention, although these are often thought to depend only on logic and experiment. All truly creative activities depend in some degree on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly insightful the person is, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become.
A type of creative experience is illustrated by the dreams which came to Descartes at the age of twenty-three and determined his life path. Descartes had unsuccessfully searched for certainty, first in the world of books, and then in the world of men. Then in a dream on November 10, 1619, he made the significant discovery that he could only find certainty in his own thoughts, cogito ergo sum ("I think; therefore, I exist"). This dream filled him with intense religious enthusiasm.
Descartes' experience is representative of countless others in every field of culture. The unconscious is certainly the source of instinctive activity. But in creative thought the unconscious is responsible for the production of new organized forms from relatively disorganized elements.
小题1:Good ideas come from ________according to the writer.

A．the unconscious

B．creative activities

C．dreams

D．logic and experiments

小题2:The underlined word “these” (paragraph 3) probably refers to __________.

A．philosophy, music, mathematics and science

B．religion, philosophy, literature, art and music

C．mathematics, science, and technical invention

D．both B and C

小题3:What point can we see in the example of Descartes ?

A．Dreams are the sources of instinctive activities.

B．Dreams sometimes contribute to important discoveries.

C．Geniuses have creative thoughts in their dreams.

D．Important discoveries are always made in dreams.

小题4: The best title for this passage may be __________.

A．The Unknown Becoming Known	B．The Role of Dreams
C．The Unconscious and Creative Activities	D．Birth of Bright Ideas