San Francisco, a leader in urban recycling, is preparing to turn dog waste into energy.
Norcal Waste System Inc., the city’s largest garbage company, plans to test collection carts(回收车)and collection bags in a city-center park which is popular with dog walkers.
A city study found that almost 4 percent of all the garbage picked up at San Francisco homes was from animal waste, Norcal Waste spokesman Robert Reid said. San Francisco has about 120,000 dogs.
“The city asked us to start a program to recycle dog waste in order to cut back adding more waste in landfills(废渣埋填池) “,Reid said.
Dog waste will be poured into a methane digester(沼气池),and the methane it gives off will be collected and burned to make electricity or to heat homes.
“Dogs and cats in the United States produce about 10 million tons of waste a year,” Will Brinton, an environmental scientist said.
“As much as we love them, our pets leave a lot of fertilizer behind them in yards and on the street but that can be a major source of contamination of groundwater,” Brinton said.
European cities such as Zurich, Frankfurt, Munich and Vienna are starting biology programs to turn waste into gas ,he said.
San Francisco runs a great program to recycle bottles, cars, paper and other rubbish and now two-thirds of its garbage needn’t be carried to landfills .The city’s goal is a 75 percent drop by 2010 and zero new waste in landfills by 2020.
小题1:San Francisco will plan to use dog waste for making __________.

A．fertilizer

B．gas

C．electricity

D．methane

小题2:What does the underlined word “ contamination” mean?

A．Increase

B．Reduction

C．Flow

D．Pollution

小题3:What can we infer from the passage?

A．San Francisco is short of electricity

B．San Francisco has done a lot of in rubbish recycling.

C．Fewer people will keep dogs as pets in San Francisco

D．There will be no rubbish by 2010 in San Francisco

小题4:The passage is mainly about_______.

A．San Francisco ‘s new policy for pet keepers

B．San Francisco ‘s new plan for recycling

C．how to keep a city clean

D．how to deal with rubbish

Spider-Man cannot escape the harsh realities of the current economic times and will lose his job in a latest issue of the Amazing Spider-Man hitting stories ( first published in 1963) this week.
Peter Parker, official photographer of the mayor by day and New York City crime fighter by night, is going to face new challenges, including unemployment.
"He's going to struggle with unemployment and trying to save the city while he can barely afford to keep a roof over his head," said Steve Wacker, Marvel Comics senior editor.
Parker has always been a grounded character with real-world problems, Wacker said. His aunt is frequently sick, he has girlfriend troubles, and he sometimes struggles to find work. In addition, Spider-Man story lines are often set against a backdrop of current events.
In the near future, Parker will have to juggle paying bills and buying "web-fluid" and other materials to fix his superhero costume in addition to keeping his dual identities under wraps.
Parker's work history includes photographer, assistant high school coach, science teacher and scientific researcher, according to his biography on the Marvel Web site. His education includes a college degree in biophysics and some postgraduate work in biochemistry.
It was at a science exhibit he attended as a teenager that he was bitten by a radioactive spider and got the creature's strength, agility and weaving ability, says Marvel Comics.
And although Parker has skills few others can claim, he probably won't list these on his resume: superhuman strength, ability to cling to most surfaces, fast traveling ability aided by web-slinging and spider-sense danger avoidance system.
49. According to the story, Parker is likely to________.
A. look for another job.
B. have a girlfriend.
C. live in a large  house.
D. buy a new superhero costume.
50. Parker didn’t work as________.
A. a photographer.  B. an assistant coach   C. a science teacher.  D. a spider-man
51. The underlined part in the third paragraph means:
A. he has a roof over his head
B. he has a room to live in
C. there is a roof in his head
D. he has a picture of a roof in his head.
52. This passage mainly tell us _______.
A. Parker is a   spider-man.
B. how Parker became a spider-man.
C. life is hard for everyone in current economic times.
D. the amazing spider-man comic is popular until now. 

The ocean contains many strange and surprising creatures. One such creature is the puffer fish. This very strange fish is probably the most poisonous creature in the ocean. The poison that this fish produces is 275 times more poisonous than the chemical which is usually used to kill rats.
The puffer fish gets its name from the way the fish protects itself from enemies. Whenever it is attacked, the fish blows up its body to three times bigger than its normal size!
Another strange thing about this fish is the fact that it can swim like other fish. Because it does not have bones like other fish, the puffer fish can only move slowly through the water as it is carried by waves.
The puffer fish also has funny teeth. These teeth stick out of the fish’s mouth and are used by the fish to open the shells of the creatures that live on the ocean floor.
This strange, ugly, and very poisonous fish is actually a very expensive kind of food in Japan. The Japanese call this fish “fugu”, and people have been known to pay $150 per person to eat a fugu meal (usually eight servings)!
Very brave people want to eat the most poisonous part of the fugu fish on purpose. They think that this part of the fish tastes the best! Strict laws have been passed to control restaurants which serve fugu; however, quite a few people have still died from eating fugu.Almost 200 people have died over the past 25 years.
When people eat fugu poison, they do not die on the spot. First, they feel a strange tickle on their lips and in their mouth. Then they can not feel anything with their fingers. Finally, they cannot move or speak. Death follows when they can no longer breathe. The poison may take only a few minutes or up to six hours to kill a person. There is no known cure for fugu poisoning.
小题1:According to the passage, the puffer fish       .

A．is probably the most poisonous creature in the world

B．is generally considered to be the strangest fish in the ocean

C．is slightly more poisonous than the chemical used to kill rats

D．is without doubt a deadly creature if it is not eaten properly

小题2: Why do people think that the puffer fish is strange when it is attacked by an enemy?

A．It becomes bigger.	B．It has funny teeth.
C．It gives off poison.	D．It can swim swiftly.

小题3:The underlined expression “on the spot” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to      .

A．now and then	B．once in a while
C．then and there	D．sooner or later

小题4:Who is allowed to serve fugu according to the passage?

A．The Japanese government.	B．Licensed restaurants.
C．Strict lawyers in Japan .	D．Very brave people

小题5:Which is NOT a symptom of fugu poisoning?

A．Having difficulty breathing.	B．Having no sense of touch.
C．Having no sense of taste.	D．Having trouble speaking.

Heavy snow blanketed Anhui and Hubei provinces yesterday, cutting off power to some villages and blocking roads. Meanwhile, more snow is expected to cover the south in the coming three days.
Meteorologists said that the snow, which started Sunday night, is expected to fall throughout the south until this Friday, with temperatures falling below zero. The precipitation is expected to help relieve the severe drought conditions.
The temperature in the north will rise after this Friday and the south will be warmer after Nov 22nd, forecasters predicted yesterday.
The national meteorological watchdog issued an orange alert-the second—highest level-for snowstorms yesterday morning, warning that snowfalls in some areas will reach 20 mm at most.
Snowstorms refer to snowfalls that reach 10 mm in 24 hours. Snowfalls below 10 mm and above 5 mm are called heavy snows.
Last Friday, officials from the Hubei provincial government asked the transportation department, the meteorological bureau and related departments be fully prepared for the coming snow, with an emergency team ready to provide around-the-clock assistance.
The predicted snow in the south did not bring much trouble to air and rail travel with advance preparation.
The provincial education bureau declared an emergency plan on Sunday, asking primary and high schools to close when the snowstorms become severe.
The 16 expressways in snow-hit places in Hubei were scattered with 42.8 tons of snow-melting agents and about 4.580 sqm of anti-slip fabric. The latest information from the provincial expressway administration yesterday showed that traffic flowed smoothly during the snow.
The Tianhe Airport in Wuhan, Hubei province, had seven snow-melting vehicles working to ensure timely take-offs and landings.
The Anhui meteorological bureau declared all emergency alert because of the snowstorm on Sunday, with 43 cities and counties issuing alerts for snows and two issuing alerts for frozen roads. Shucheng county and Huoshan county issued time top alert because of the snowstorms on Sunday.
Luogang airport in Hefei, Anhui Province, was shut down for four hours since 7 a.m. yesterday due to the heavy snow, Xinhua reported.
The snow caused time rush-hour traffic to be heavily congested and many commuters left home earlier than usual in the morning.
Ye Wei, a worker at Hefei University of Technology, said his ride to work took a half-hour more than usual.
“Maybe tomorrow I will have to get up one hour earlier than before, because of the frozen roads,” Ye said.
The heavy snow first hit northern China, claiming dozens of lives, causing hundreds of injuries, paralyzing the traffic and grounding hundreds of flights.
The whiteout that began Nov 9th has killed at least 32 people and affected more than 9.6 million in seven provinces. More than 15,000 buildings have collapsed and nearly 300, 000 hectares of farmland have been destroyed, Ministry of Civil Affairs officials said on Sunday.
The snowfall was the heaviest in the past six decades in some northern and central provinces like Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan, with an economic loss reaching 7 billion yuan（$ 1.02 billion）, ministry officials said.
67．Which of the following call be the best title for this passage?
A．Heavy Snow Coming to Southern China.
B．Heavy Snow Blanketed Anhui and Hubei.
C．Snowy All Over China.
D．China in the Future Will Be Cold.
68．The underlined word “precipitation” in the second paragraph probably refers to _______.
A．impulsive approach      B．prediction of snow
C．violent haste           D．fall of snow
69．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Many airports in Anhui Province were shut down for a long time.
B．The snowfall was the heaviest in the human history.
C．Some measures have been taken to deal with the emergency.
D．This snowfall hasn’t brought about any deaths.
70．You may probably read this passage in ________.
A．a poster       B．a magazine    C．a science fiction      D．a newspaper

We may all have had the embarrassing moment: Getting half-way through a story only to realize that we’ve told this exact tale before, to the same person. Why do we make such memory mistakes?
According to research published in Psychological Science, it may have to do with the way our brains process different types of memory.
Researchers Nigel Gopie, of the Rotman Research Institute in Toronto, and Colin Macleod, of the University of Waterloo, divided memory into two kinds. The first was source memory, or the ability to keep track of where information is coming from. The second was destination memory, or the ability to recall who we have given information to.
They found that source memory functions better than destination memory, in part because of the direction in which that information is travelling.
To study the differences between source and destination memory, the researchers did an experiment on 60 university students, according to a New York Times report. The students were asked to associate (联想) 50 random ( 随意的) facts with the faces of 50 famous people. Half of the students "told" each fact to one of the faces, reading it aloud when the celebrity's (名人的) picture appeared on a computer screen. The other half read each fact silently and saw a different celebrity picture afterward.
When later asked to recall which facts went with which faces, the students who were giving information out (destination memory) scored about 16 percent lower on memory performance compared with the students receiving information (source memory).
The researchers concluded that out-going information was less associated with its environmental context （背景）---- that is, the person ---- than was incoming information.
This makes sense given what is known about attention. A person who is giving information, even little facts, will devote some mental resources to thinking about what is being said. Because our attention is limited, we give less attention to the person we are giving information to.
After a second experiment with another group of 40 students, the researchers concluded that self-focus is another factor that undermines destination memory.
They asked half the students to continue giving out random information, while the other told things about themselves. This time around, those who were talking about themselves did 15 percent worse than those giving random information.
"When you start telling these personal facts compared with non-self facts, suddenly destination memory goes down more, suggesting that it is the self-focus component ( 成分) that's reducing the memory, Gopie told Live Science.
72. The point of this article is to ____.
A. give advice on how to improve memory
B. say what causes the memory to worsen
C. explain why we repeat stories to those we've already told them to
D. discuss the differences between source and destination memory
73. What can we learn from the article?
A. Source memory helps us remember who we have told the information to.
B. One's limited attention is one of the reasons why those reading aloud to the celebrity's pictures perform worse on the memory test.
C. Silent reading is a better way to remember information than reading aloud.
D. It tends to be more difficult for people to link incoming information with its environmental context than outgoing information.
74. The underlined word "undermines" probably means ____.
A. weakens         B. benefits        C. explains        D. supports
75. What did the scientists conclude from the second experiment?
A. Destination memory is weaker than source memory.
B. Focusing attention on oneself leads to relatively poor source memory performance.
C. Associating personal experience with information helps people memorize better.
D. Self-focus is responsible for giving information twice or more to the same person.

The Royal Horticultural Society(RHS) finds that women gardeners’ voices speed up the growth of tomato plants much more than men’s.
In an experiment, the researchers found that tomato plants grew up to two inches taller if they were sung to by a female rather than a male.
The most effective voice came from Sarah Darwin, whose great-great grandfather was the botanist(植物学家) Charles Darwin, one of the founding fathers of the RHS.
She read a passage from the On the Origin of Species and beat nine other ‘voices’. Her plant grew nearly two inches taller than the best performing male and half an inch higher than her nearest competitor.
Colin Crosbie, Garden Manager at the RHS, said, “We predicted that the male voice would be more effective but it turned out that the ladies’ voice was far better than the gentlemen’s. We just don’t know why. It could be because they have a greater range of pitch(高音) and tone(音色) that affects the sound waves that hit the plant.The sound wave is on environmental effect just like rain or light.”
In the experiment, every plant was played a different voice through earphones connected to the plant pot, and the environmental conditions for all the plants remained the same throughout the experiment. To ensure that the results of the experiment were convincing, two plants were also left to grow in silence.
The results showed that women on average saw their plants grow an inch taller than their male counterparts(对手) and much more than the plants left in complete silence.
Miss Darwin said, “I’m not sure if it’s my sweet tones or the text that I read from On the Origin of Species that made the plant sit up and listen, but either way, I think it is an honor to have such a voice, and it is especially fitting for me, because for years I have been studying wild tomatoes at the Natural History Museum(NHM) in London.”
　60. How many tomato plants were chosen for this experiment?
　　  A. 9.　　　　   B. 10.            C. 11.　　  D.12.
　61. What can we learn about Sarah Darwin?
　　  A.She is very proud of her sweet voice..       
B. She is one of the founding fathers of the RHS.
　　  C. She has discovered why her voice benefits plants.
　　  D. She will work at the NHM in London after the experiment.
　62. Why were two plants left to grow in silence in the experiment?
　　  A. To make the results of the experiment trustworthy.
　　  B. To convince people that sound waves are better than rain and light.
　　  C. To help find out how many inches plants can grow with the help of voices.
　   D. To prove that the environmental conditions for the plants remained the same.
　63. What can be inferred from the passage?
　　  A. The text from On the Origin of Species can help plants grow..　　　　
　　  B. Sarah’s nearest competitor was also a woman..
　　  C.Men’s voices have a greater range of pitch and tone than women’s..
　　  D.Colin Crosbie predicted that women’s voices were better for the plant than men’s.

One potential prolem with allowances (零用钱) is that children’s reponsible behavior can become about earning the allowance rather than the intrinsic (固有的) value of their family responsibilities. For example, if you pay your children for taking out the trash, they see this chore (家务事) as a job that they should be rewarded for instead of a responsibility they must fulfil as part of the family. But giving children an allowance for weekly chores is not necessarily bad. You are rewarding them for fulfilling their family responsibilities, but it is not for a specific act. Rather, it is an appreciation of their commitment to your family values.You are also conveying another important message that their actions have consequences: if they do good things, good things happen. They also learn a lesson about the market economy, namely, that work is rewarded.
Allowances can also be used as punishment and to teach children lessons about family values. For example, if your children join a group of kids smashing (炸碎) pumpkins on Halloween, a part of a reasonable punishment might be to require them to pay the families out of their allowances to replace the pumpkins. Thus, your children learn that bad behavior has financial consequences. Also, by relating the punishment to the misdeed, you ensure that your children see the connection and learn the value lesson.
How much allowance should you pay your children? The precise amount depends on your family’s financial situation, the cost of living and your children’s needs. Children can start to earn a weekly allowance as early as 5 years of age. An increase of $1 per week for each year of your children’s lives is realistic until they reach their mid-teens. When they begin to drive and date, you can calculate their expenses and establish a reasonable allowance that covers their needs.
64. How many advantages of giving allowances are mentioned in the passage?
A.    One.          B.Two.      C.Three.        D.Four.
65. According to the author,_____    .
A.giving children an allowance for weekly chores will certainly cause problems
B.it is better to reward children for fulfilling family responsibilities than for a specific act
C.you can’t give your chidren allowances unless they do good deeds
D.it is unnecessary for small children to learn about the market economy
66.The precise allowance amount you should pay your chidren depends on all the following factors EXCEPT  ___ .
A.    the living standard in your area
B.     how rich or poor your family is
C.     how much other children receive
D.    the actual needs of your chidren
67. It can be inferred that________.
A.The author doesn’t want to give any tips on allowance amounts
B. allowance given to chidren of different ages may vary
C.children under 5 can’t be given any allowance
D. allowance amounts grow at the same speed with your chidren

第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
　　阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21～30各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I have experienced many different types of teachers and from each of them. I have drawn out characteristics to form the __21__ teacher. The person has no age or sex requirements __22__ this person must be pleasant to look at. I don’t believe teachers have to be beautiful but they have to keep __23__ well groomed. I have had a teacher who didn’t keep herself well groomed; the other students and I found her __24__ quite distracting. I believe that a teacher should wear the clothes he or she likes, but not things that are shocking or totally __25__. I find that students spend more time __26__ than they do listening.
This person should know his or her __27__ in detail. He or she must also possess a certain __28__ for it to get the students enthusiastic. He or she must be able to make lessons __29__ and pick out little details that relate it to the students. A teacher who just relays facts __30__ to be boring . A student can pick out facts from a textbook; it is the teacher who is to tie the subject together in an interesting fashion.                      
21. A. real            B. beautiful         C. ideal              D. pleasant
22. A. but             B. because          C. since            D. although
23. A students          B. colleagues        C. principals       D. themselves
24. A. method        B. appearance          C. speech           D. manner
25. A. strange          B. new                     C. expensive      D. cheap
26. A. playing        B. writing          C. copying         D. staring
27. A. students        B. time                     C. subject          D. character
28. A. idea            B. attitude          C. love              D. question
29. A. serious          B. humorous          C. intensive       D. funny
30. A. tends          B. fails                     C. avoids          D. pretends

第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
Science summer camps are one of the best ways to improve creativity of students and teach them a practical approach towards science and its applications （应用）．Students taking part in the camps can learn to appreciate science and technology at an early age, to be better positioned for further learning and finally better prepared to face challenges．Apart from theories, scientific experiments and discussions are encouraged at these camps．
The science summer camps are usually held between June and August and it’s good for parents to start planning their children’s summer camps at least 6 to 7 months in advance．This period of time provides an opportunity for them to do proper research and save money．With more than 2,000 summer camps in the US, there is a wide variety for parents to choose from．If the child doesn’t like biology, there  is no point sending him to an anatomy （解剖学） science camp．Likewise （同样地）, if one thinks that his child limits himself to books throughout the school year, he should try and choose camps which provide students with an opportunity to move out in the open and be physically active．To make the task easier, there are many websites which provide online resource materials to help parents select a summer camp that fits the needs of their children．
Generally, a science summer camp costs between $ 150 and $ 500, depending on where the camp is located, how long it lasts and of course what subject it covers．Some of them also provide scholarships （奖学金） for bright students to encourage them．
56．A science summer camp offers students      ．
A．chances to be well prepared for future study
B．chances to research and save money
C．ways to get online resource materials
D．chances to live independently
57．What does the underlined word “them” in the second paragraph refer to?
A．Students     B．Organizers CScientists             D．Parents
58．We can infer （推断） from the second paragraph that        ．
A．it’s important for children to relax at the summer camps
B．online resource materials can help to organize a summer camp
C．proper camps should be chosen for children according to their needs
D．different parents should be chosen for children according to their needs
59．What do the costs of a science summer camp depend on?
A．Organizers’ efforts and suggestions．  B．Location, time and content．
C．Students’ likes and dislikes．       D．Effects and benefits．

There are many international organizations which work to save and protect endangered species(物种)and natural environment．If you would like more information about any of the organizations listed below, you can write to the addresses given．

Friends of the Earth(FOE)campaigns on a range of problems including rainforests，the countryside，water and air pollution and energy· Friends of the Earth International Secretariat P．O．Box 19199 1000 G．D． Amsterdam The Netherlands	Greenpeace uses peaceful but direct action to defend the environment. It campaigns to protect rainforests and sea animals，stop global warming and end pollution of air，land and seas．It also opposes nuclear(核)power． Greenpeace International Keizergracht 176 1016 DW Amsterdam The Netherlands
BirdLife International is an organization which works to save endangered birds all over the world． BirdLife International Wellbrook Court Girton Road Cambridge CB3 ONA England	WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature is the world's  largest  private  international organization for the protection of nature and endangered species． Information Officer WWF International Avenue du Mont-Blanc 1196 Gland Switzerland

66．If you want to learn more about the organizations，you can        ．
A．call them     B．write them a letter    C．visit them    D．send them an e-mail
67．BirdLife International is an organization trying to            ．
A．reduce pollution                              B．defend rainforests
C．protect ocean animals                          D．save endangered birds
68．If you oppose nuclear power，you can join         ．
A．Friends of the Earth                         B．World Wide Fund For Nature
C．Greenpeace                                        D．BirdLife International
69．What can we learn about WWF?
A．It helps to protect nature and save endangered animals．
B．It is the world’s largest international organization．
C．It works for private companies and rich people．
D．It is a private organization in the United States．
70．Which is the best title for the passage?
A．Environmental Protection Organizations          B．Global Traffic Problems
C．Endangered Animals                                  D．Natural Beauty