Camping wild is a wonderful way to experience the natural world and ,at its best, it makes little environmental influence. But with increasing numbers of people wanting to escape into the wilderness, it is becoming more and more important to camp unobtrusively（不引人注目地）and leave no mark.
Wild camping is not permitted in many places, particularly in crowded lowland Britain. Wherever you are, find out about organizations responsible for managing wild spaces, and contact them to find out their policy on camping and shelter building. For example, it is fine to camp wild in remote parts of Scotland, but in England you must ask the landowner’s permission, except in national parks.
Camping is about having relaxation, sleeping outdoors, experiencing bad weather, and making do without modern conveniences. A busy, fully-equipped campsite（野营地）seems to go against this, so seek out smaller, more remote places with easy access to open spaces and perhaps beaches. Better still, find a campsite with no road access: walking in makes a real adventure.
Finding the right spot to camp is the first step to guaranteeing a good night’s sleep. Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum influence on others and the environment. Try to use an area where people have obviously camped before rather than creating a new spot. When camping in woodland, avoid standing dead trees, which may fall on a windy night. Avoid animal runs and caves, and possible homes of biting insects. Make sure you have most protection on the windward side. If you make a fire, do so downwind of your shelter. Always consider what influence you might have on the natural world. Avoid damaging plants. A good campsite is found, not made—changing it should be unnecessary.
小题1:You needn’t ask for permission when camping in.

A．national parks in England	B．most parts of Scotland
C．crowded lowland Britain	D．most parts of England

小题2:The author thinks that a good campsite is one.
A. with easy access           B. used previously
C with modern conveniences     D. far away from beaches
小题3:The last paragraph mainly deals with
A. protecting animals       B. building a campfire
C camping in woodland      D. finding a campsite with privacy
小题4:The passage is mainly about

A．the protection of campsites	B．the importance of wild camping
C．the human influence on campsites	D．the dos and don’ts of wild camping

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ）中，选出最佳选项。
As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.   
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities, others lose heart at the first sign of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "flight or fight" and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Since we can't remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could), we need to find ways to deal with it.
60．People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because _____.
A．they regard working as their greatest enjoyment
B．they believe that work is superior to relaxation
C．they are traveling fast all the time
D．they are becoming busier with their work than ever before
61．According to the author, the most important character for a good manager is his _____.
A．strong will to hold out stress
B．knowing the art of relaxation
C．high sense of responsibility
D．having control over performance
62．Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the passage?
A．We can find quite a few ways to avoid stress.
B．Stress is always harmful to people's health
C．It's easy to change the habit of keeping oneself busy with work.
D．Different people can bear different amount of stress.
63．In the last sentence of the passage, "do so" refers to _____.
A．"expose ourselves to stress"
B．"find ways to deal with stress"
C．"remove stress from our lives"
D．"establish links between diseases and stress"

Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age, their families place them in nursing homes.They are left in the 1 of strangers for the rest of their lives.Their 2 children visit them only occasionally, but more often, they do not have any 3 visitors.The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth-an 4 story.In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care 5 elderly people need.Samuel Prestoon, a sociologist, studied 6 the American family is changing.He reported that by the time the 7 American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children. 8 , because people today live longer after an illness than people did years 9 , family members must provide long term care.More psychologists have found that all caregivers 10 a common characteristic: All caregivers believe that they are the best 11 for the job.In other words, they all felt that they 12 do the job better than anyone else.Social workers 13 caregivers to find out why they took 14 the responsibility of caring for an elderly relative.Many caregivers believed they had 15 to help their relative.Some stated that helping others 16 them feel more useful.Others hoped that by helping 17 now, they would deserve care when they became old and 18 .Caring for the elderlyand being taken care of can be a 19 satisfying experience for everyone who might be 20 .
1.A.hands B.arms C.bodies D.homes
2.A.growing B.grown C.being grown D.having grown
3.A.constant B.lasting C.regular D.normal　　
4.A.imaginary B.imaginable C.imaginative D.imagery
5.A.that B.this C.those D.these
6.A.when B.how C.what D.where
7.A.common B.ordinary C.standard D.average
8.A.Further B.However C.Moreover D.Whereas
9.A.before B.ago C.later D.lately
10.A.share B.enjoy C.divide D.consent
11.A.person B.people C.character D.man
12.A.would B.will C.could D.can
13.A.questioned B.interviewed C.inquired D.interrogate
14.A.in B.up C.on D.off
15.A.admiration B.initiative C.necessity D.obligation
16.A.cause B.enable C.make D.get
17.A.someone B.anyone C.everyone D.anybody
18.A.elderly B.dependent C.dependable D.independent
19.A.similarly B.differently C.mutually D.certainly
20.A.involved B.excluded C.included D.considered

Directions: Complete the following passage by using ONE word that best fits the context.
Thanksgiving Day was near. The first grade teacher gave her class   48  fun assignment --- to draw a picture of something for which they were thankful.
Most of the class would celebrate the holiday with turkey and other traditional goodies of the season. These, the teacher thought, would be the themes of most of her students’ art. And they were. Douglas made a different kind of picture,   49 . When asked to draw a picture of something for which he was thankful, he drew a hand. Nothing else. Just an  50  hand .
His abstract image captured the imagination of his peers. Whose hand could it be? One child guessed it was the hand of a farmer, because farmers raise turkeys.   51  suggested a police officer’s, because the police protect and care   52  people. Still others guessed it was the hand of God, for God feeds us. And so the discussion went --- until the teacher almost forgot the young artist himself.
When the children had gone on to other assignments, she stopped at Douglas’ desk, bent down, and asked him 53  hand it was. The little boy looked away and said, “It’s yours, teacher.”
She recalled the times she had taken his hand and walked with him here or there, as she had the other students. How  54  had she said, “Take my hand, Douglas, we’ll go outside.” Or, "Let me show you how to hold your pencil.” Or, “Let's do this together.” Douglas was most thankful for his teacher's hand. Brushing aside a tear, she went on with her work.
The story speaks of more than thankfulness. It says something about teachers teaching and parents parenting and friends showing friendship, and how much it means to the Douglases of the world. They might not always say thanks,  55  they'll remember the hand that reaches out.

The first time I remember noticing I remember noticing the crossing guard was when he waved to me as I drove my son to school. He 16 me with a puzzle ---- all because he waved to me like someone does 17 seeing a close friend. A big, 18 smile accompanied his wave. For the next few days I tried to 19 his face to see if I knew him. I didn’t. Perhaps he had 20 me for someone else. By the time I contented myself with the 21 that he and I were strangers, we were greeting each other warmly every morning like old friends.
Then one day the 22 was solved. As I 23 the school he was standing in the middle of the road 24 his stop sign. I was in live behind four cars. 25 the kids had reached the safety of the sidewalk, he lowered his sign and let the cars 26. To the first he waved and 27 in just the same way he had done to me over the last few days. The kids already had the window down and were happily waving their reply. The second car got the same 28 from the crossing guard, and the driver, a stiff-looking（表情刻板的） businessman, gave a brief, almost 29 wave back. Each following car of kids on their way to school 30 more heartily.
Every morning I continued to watch the man with 31. So far I haven’t seen anyone 32 to wave back. I find it interesting that one person can make such a（n） 33 to so many people’s lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly. His 34 armed the start of my day. With a friendly wave and smiling face he had changed the 35 of the whole neighbourhood.
16. A. hit              B. disappointed     C. presented        D. bored
17. A. on               B. from             C. during           D. about
18. A. false            B. shy              C. apologetic       D. bright
19. A. research         B. study            C. recognize        D. explore
20. A. praised          B. blamed           C. mistaken         D. respected
21. A. conclusion       B. description      C. evaluation       D. introduction
22. A. argument         B. disagreement     C. mystery          D. task
23. A. visited          B. approached       C. passed          D. left
24. A. drawing back     B. putting on       C. handing in       D. holding out
25. A. Once             B. Before           C. Unless           D. While
26. A. in               B. through          C. out              D. down
27. A. cried            B. cheered          C. smiled           D. gestured
28. A. idea             B. reply            C. notice           D. greeting
29. A. awkward          B. angry            C. elegant          D. patient
30. A. came             B. responded        C. hurried          D. appeared
31. A. surprise         B. frustration      C. interest         D. doubt
32. A. fail             B. try              C. wish             D. bother
33. A. offer            B. sacrifice        C. promise          D. difference
34. A. effectiveness    B. cheerfulness     C. carefulness      D. seriousness
35. A. trends           B. observations     C. regulations      D. feelings

完形填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21～30各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Recently divorced in my 30s, I had no job and was on my way downtown on a rainy day to go to the employment offices. I had no umbrella, for my old one had   21  apart, and I couldn’t afford another one.
I sat down in the streetcar — there against the   22  was a beautiful silk umbrella with a silver handle inlaid with gold and bright enamel(珐琅). I had never seen anything so lovely. I
  23  the handle and saw a name on it. The   24  procedure would have been to turn in the umbrella to the conductor, but I decided to take it and find the   25  myself.
I got off the streetcar in a downpour and   26  opened the umbrella to protect myself. Then I searched a telephone book for the   27  on the umbrella and found it. I called and a lady answered. Yes, she said in   28 , that was her umbrella, which her parents, now dead, had given her as a birthday present, but it’d been   29  from her locker at school years before.
She was so excited that I forgot I was looking for a job and went   30  to her house. She took the umbrella, her eyes filled with tears. I was only too happy to see her get back the lost umbrella, and get a job she offered me.
21．A．taken                      B．torn                        C．broken                    D．fallen
22．A．seat                        B．door                       C．engine                    D．floor
23．A．watched                  B．shook                     C．examined                D．tested
24．A．usual                      B．ordinary                 C．normal                   D．odd
25．A．thief                       B．owner                     C．robber                    D．keeper
26．A．hopefully                B．helpfully                 C．carefully                 D．slowly
27．A．name                      B．number                   C．address                   D．brand
28．A．happiness                B．disappointment        C．laughter                  D．surprise
29．A．robbed                   B．stolen                     C．taken                      D．hidden
30．A．simply                    B．calmly                    C．directly                   D．suddenly

What sounds or impressions are you making on the people around you? Think about it. Your words, phrases, even your message may soon be forgotten but believe me, good or   1  , your melody music.
An odd choice of phrase? Not really. The dictionary   2  melody? as a succession of sounds, and what is life other than the combining and blending of a succession of movements and sounds.
Just as a musical composition affects the moods and emotions of people who hear it, so too does the way you live your  3  .
Think of your life as a   4  sheet of manuscript paper. Only the rhythm is there ------it is    5  to you to create the harmony. Naturally you will want your composition to be a   6  , a chart buster' even a Symphony - something to be remembered with pleasure.
So where to   7  ? YOU MUST BEGIN WITH YOURSELF. Have the right   8  , enjoy life, - and most importantly, be optimistic about the future.
Be really   9  in other people. Make a conscience effort to bring peace and happiness into other people's lives.
  10  situations that generate excessive ambition, envy, anger
and pride. They are all   11  of peace and will play ruin with your harmony.
  12  has been said that if these emotions or feelings were forgotten, the world would live in permanent peace. Well, to banish（消除） them from the world is probably aiming a bit high but it shouldn't be too   13  to rid them from your own life.
Develop features such as smart, social, and sensitivity. These attributes are invaluable in enhancing not only your own life but the lives of those around you.
Everything you do has an   14  on those around you. The way you move, whether you   15  or frown. You are capable of making someone's day bright or miserable.
Take time to   16   other people. If there are too many discords & not enough harmony in their lives,   17  them to have a brighter outlook.
Throughout the world most people are striving for   18  .
From the family unit   19  around the dinner table to world leaders at the conference table, the name of the game is the pursuit of peace.
So, let us all play our part in composing the rhythm of life by consciously choosing peace and harmony in our daily lives to   20  a harmonious Universe.
(   ) 1. A. wrong        B. false   C. bad           D. harmful
(   ) 2. A. defines       B. thinks        C. regards      D. acts
(   ) 3. B. school B. home        C. life          D. college
(   ) 4. A. blank   B. used   C. full           D. deserted
(   ) 5. A. ready   B. decided     C. possible     D. up
(   ) 6. A. failure        B. success      C. model       D. mess
(   ) 7. A. do              B. write C. make D. begin
(   ) 8. A. attitude       B. type         C. mood        D. opinion
(   ) 9. A. enthusiastic        B. mild   C. interested   D. cautious
(   ) 10. A. Choose     B. Discover    C. Avoid       D. Design
(   ) 11. A. enemies    B. friends      C. conditions D. helps
(   ) 12. A. Which      B. It              C. What D. These
(   ) 13. A. easy   B. willing      C. difficult     D. terrifying
(   ) 14. A. effort        B. mark C. damage     D. effect
(   ) 15. A. smile        B. cry            C. shout D. talk
(   ) 16. A. attack       B. listen to     C. change      D. interview
(   ) 17. A. encourage        B. defeat        C. train   D. stop
(   ) 18. A. war   B. peace        C. fight D. talk
(   ) 19. A. arranged   B. reached     C. seated        D. loaded
(   ) 20. A. create       B. invent       C. seek   D. protect

Romance does not have to fizzle out（失败） in long-term relationships and progress into a companionship/friendship-type love, a new study has found. Romantic love can last a lifetime and lead to happier, healthier  1  .
"Many believe that   2 love is the same as passionate（多情的）love," said lead researcher Bianca P. Acevedo, PhD, then at Stony Brook University (currently at University of California, Santa Barbara). "It isn't. Romantic love has the intensity, engagement and sexual chemistry that passionate love has, minus the obsessive component（过度成分）. Passionate or obsessive love includes   3 of uncertainty and anxiety. This kind of love   4 drive the shorter relationships but not the longer ones."
These findings   5 in the March issue of Review of General Psychology, published by the American Psychological Association.
Acevedo and co-researcher Arthur Aron, PhD, reviewed 25 studies with 6,070 individuals in short- and long-term relationships to    6 whether romantic love is associated with more satisfaction. To determine this, they   7 the relationships in each of the studies as romantic, passionate (romantic with obsession) or friendship-like love and categorized them as long- or short-term.
The researchers looked at 17 short-term relationship studies, which included 18- to 23-year-old college students who were   8  , dating or married, with the average relationship lasting less than four years. They also   9 at 10 long-term relationship studies including middle-aged couples who were typically married 10 years or more. Two of the   10 ncluded both long- and short-term relationships in which it was possible to distinguish the two samples.
The review found that those who reported greater romantic love were more   11 in both the short- and long-term relationships. Companion-like love was only moderately   12 with satisfaction in both short- and long-term relationships. And those who reported greater passionate love in their relationships were more satisfied in the short term   13 to the long term.
Couples who reported more satisfaction in their relationships also   14 being happier and having higher self-esteem.
Feeling that a partner is "there for you"   15 or a good relationship, Acevedo said, and facilitates（促进） feelings of romantic love. On the other hand, "feelings of insecurity are generally associated with   16 satisfaction, and in some   17 may spark conflict in the relationship. This can manifest（表白） into obsessive love," she said.
This discovery may change people's   18 of what they want in long-term relationships. According to the authors, companionship love, which is what many couples see as the natural   19 of a successful relationship, may be an unnecessary compromise(妥协). "Couples should strive for love with all the trimmings（修剪）," Acevedo said. "And couples who've been together a long time and wish to get back their romantic edge should know it is an attainable（可达到的） goal that, like most good things in life,   20 energy and devotion."
(   ) 1. A. scholarships        B. friendships        C. relationships     D. companionships
(   ) 2. A. obsessive            B. romantic           C. passionate         D. companion
(   ) 3. A. feelings              B. factors              C. consequences    D. barriers
(   ) 4. A. contributes         B. helps                C. prevents           D. speeds
(   ) 5. A. occur                 B. take                 C. write                D. appear
(   ) 6. A. find out             B. work out          C. take out            D. bring out
(   ) 7. A. separated            B. classified          C. divided             D. cut
(   ) 8. A. alone                 B. lonely              C. single               D. unique
(   ) 9. A. glanced              B. glared              C. stared               D. looked
(   ) 10. A. findings           B. examinations     C. experiments      D. studies
(   ) 11. A. unpleased         B. disappointed     C. satisfied            D. desperate
(   ) 12. A. referred            B. associated         C. contended         D. conflicted
(  ) 13. A. compared         B. comparing               C. added               D. led
(   ) 14. A. reported           B. said                  C. believed           D. hoped
(   ) 15. A. takes                B. makes              C. means              D. depends
(   ) 16. A. higher              B. lower                      C. no                    D. much
(   ) 17. A. environments    B. states               C. air                   D. cases
(   ) 18. A. views                      B. expectations      C. remarks            D. statements
(   ) 19. A. progression       B. change             C. results              D. choice
(   ) 20. A. produces          B. satisfies            C. requires            D. consumes

Andrew Ritchie, inventor of the Brompton folding bicycle, once said that the perfect portable bike would be “like a magic carpet…You could fold it up and put it into your pocket or handbag”. Then he paused: “But you’ll always be limited by the size of the wheels. And so far no one has invented a folding wheel.”
It was a rare — indeed unique — occasion when I was able to put Ritchie right. A 19th-century inventor, William Henry James Grout, did in fact design a folding wheel. His bike, predictably named the Grout Portable, had a frame that split into two and a larger wheel that could be separated into four pieces. All the bits fitted into Grout’s Wonderful Bag, a leather case.
Grout’s aim: to solve the problems of carrying a bike on a train. Now doesn’t that sound familiar? Grout intended to find a way of making a bike small enough for train travel: his bike was a huge beast. And importantly, the design of early bicycles gave him an advantage: in Grout’s day, tyres were solid, which made the business of splitting a wheel into four separate parts relatively simple. You couldn’t do the same with a wheel fitted with a one-piece inflated （充气的） tyre.
So, in a 21st-century context, is the idea of the folding wheel dead? It is not. A British design engineer, Duncan Fitzsimons, has developed a wheel that can be squashed into something like a slender ellipse （椭圆）. Throughout, the tyre remains inflated.
Will the young Fitzsimons’s folding wheel make it into production? I haven’t the foggiest idea. But his inventiveness shows two things. First, people have been saying for more than a century that bike design has reached its limit, except for gradual advances. It’s as silly a concept now as it was 100 years ago: there’s plenty still to go for. Second, it is in the field of folding bikes that we are seeing the most interesting inventions. You can buy a folding bike for less than £1,000 that can be knocked down so small that it can be carried on a plane — minus wheels, of course — as hand baggage.
Folding wheels would make all manner of things possible. Have we yet got the magic carpet of Andrew Ritchie’s imagination? No. But it’s progress.
小题1:We can infer from Paragraph 1 that the Brompton folding bike        .

A．was portable

B．had a folding wheel

C．could be put in a pocket

D．looked like a magic carpet

小题2:We can learn from the text that the wheels of the Grout Portable        .

A．were difficult to separate

B．could be split into 6 pieces

C．were fitted with solid tyres

D．were hard to carry on a train

小题3:We can learn from the text that Fitzsimons’s invention        .

A．kept the tyre as a whole piece

B．was made into production soon

C．left little room for improvement

D．changed our views on bag design

小题4:Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A．Three folding bike inventors

B．The making of a folding bike

C．Progress in folding bike design

D．Ways of separating a bike wheel

“Old wives tales” are beliefs passed down from one generation to another, For example, most of us remember our patents’ telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time
Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration Eating just one carrot a day can reduce the possibility of getting this disease by 40%. Garlic（蒜）is good for you, too。It can kill the type of virus that causes colds.
Unfortunately, not all of Mom’s advice passed the test of medical studies. For example, generations of children have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating. But research suggests that there is no danger in doing so. Do sweets cause tooth problems? Well, yes and no. sticky sweets made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars. 
Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives’ tales, After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated （积累） from thousands of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water should respect this body of knowledge even as research for clear scientific support to proven it true or false
小题1:Which of the following is TRUE according to the text？          

A．Eating garlic is good for our eyes

B．Sticky sweets are damaging to our teeth

C．Swimming after a meal is dangerous。

D．Carrots prevent people from catching colds

小题2:The author develops the third paragraph mainly____。          

A．by cause and effects	B．by order in space
C．by order in time	D．by examples

小题3:The phrase “hold water” in the last paragraph most probably means“____ ”

A．to be believable

B．to be valuable

C．to be admirable

D．to be smtable

小题4:What is the author’s attitude toward “old wives’ tales” in the text?

A．So objective

B．Objective

C．Dissatisfied

D．Curious