Heavy downpours last month in Rhode Island led to widespread flooding, causing millions of dollars in property damage and leaving thousands homeless. The floodwaters also poured vast amounts of raw sewage (污水) into the rivers and streams that flow into Narragansett Bay.

It sounds like the makings of an environmental nightmare, but in fact it’s just the opposite. To scientists’ delight, the sewage-loaded floodwaters have caused a well-timed growth of phytoplankton, the microscopic creatures that form the foundation of marine food chains. With more food available for fish, clams and other sea creatures, the bay’s fisheries industry is expected to benefit.

In decades past, Narragansett Bay typically experienced a late winter/early spring algal (海藻) bloom that fed creatures up and down the water column. But in recent years, the waters of Narragansett Bay have warmed greatly, interrupting this seasonal event.

Mark Berman, an oceanographer with the National Marine Fisheries Service, said the flood seemed to have sent the bay back to its normal state.

However, local, state and federal officials in Rhode Island have been battling other algal blooms that, by contrast, are causing widespread harm to the Narragansett Bay ecosystem. During summer months, sewage and agricultural runoff flows into the bay, causing large blooms. But instead of becoming food for sea creatures, much of the phytoplankton is consumed by bacteria, which grow fast in the warmer waters. The rapid bacteria growth leads to hypoxia – a decrease of oxygen in the water that can cause large fish kills. One such die-off occurred in 2003, when millions of oxygen-starved fish washed up on the beaches of Narragansett Bay.

The flood’s positive impact will probably be a one-time event, Mr. Berman said. Meanwhile, efforts to curb the harmful summer blooms continue; in 2008, for instance, Providence completed a $359 million sewage tunnel under the city designed to reduce the polluted storm overflow into Narragansett Bay.

1. Scientists believe that the raw sewage flowing into the bay will _______.

2.The potential benefit of fisheries industry relies on the _______.

3. People struggle against the summer blooms because they will ________.

4.It can be inferred that _______.

5. The underlined word “curb” in the last paragraph can be defined as “______”.

In a new article, Zehr, a professor at the University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, describes his success in using the Caped Crusader (披篷骑士) to engage students in the study of physiology.

"Batman (蝙蝠侠) has such powerful influence on readers because he is a fictional human with superpowers that seem within reach if we only work at it," writes Zehr, in a new article published in Advances in Physiology Education, a journal of the American Physiological Society. Zehr believes that it is not Batman's vast wealth that allows him to protect the citizens of Gotham City (哥谭市) , but his dedication to developing a wide range of physical skills.

Zehr uses Batman to establish a framework, grounded in his fictional universe as well as our real one, in order to discuss the various components of exercise and physical training and illustrate how the body's physiological systems respond. His experiences in teaching undergraduate courses in physiology and neurophysiology made him realize that connecting science to popular culture helped students understand the lessons better.

He first presented a formal analysis of the personal and physical discipline that would be required to transform an ordinary person into a superhero in his book, Becoming Batman: The Possibility of a Superhero. The book drew on Zehr's understanding and work in human movement and the plasticity of nerves and muscles associated with exercise. By coincidence, the book was published in the wake of The Dark Knight, the blockbuster movie which recounts Batman and his arch-enemy, the Joker.

With the casting almost complete for the sequel(续集), The Dark Knight Rises, Dr. Zehr writes about his experiences connecting science to popular culture, which is captured in the Advances, article, "A Personal View: From Claude Bernard to the Batcave and Beyond: Using Batman as a hook for physiology education." 

1.In Zehr's opinion, what makes Batman be able to defend his citizens?

2. Which one of the following statements is TRUE according to the third paragraph?

3.To help students study physiology well, Dr.Zehr uses Batman to do the following EXCEPT___

4..According to the book Becoming Batman, what does the possibility of becoming a superhero mainly lie on?

5.This passage is mainly about          .

阅读表达（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10）

阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求

(1) What is the single largest cause of sick leave in the UK? The answer is not the common cold or flu, but back pain. Back pain affects one in three British adults, costs the country over £5 billion every year and is extremely difficult to treat.

(2)But now Britain's National Health Service (NHS) will be offering a new solution: acupuncture (针灸).The ancient Chinese needle treatment has been around in the UK for many  years, but this is the first time it has been officially supported.

(3)Traditionally, doctors in the UK have advised back pain sufferers to stay active, do stretching exercises and take painkillers when necessary. In more serious cases some people are given X-ray treatment or injections.

(4)The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE), however, say there is evidence that acupuncture may_____ than expensive X-rays or injections, so patients who have been suffering for over six weeks should be given a choice. As an alternative to acupuncture, patients will be able to opt for either a course of spinal manipulation (脊椎推拿), or a series of special exercise sessions.

(5)In the UK, acupuncture is classed as a complementary treatment, which is the term given to a medical procedure which hasn't gone through the strict trials by which scientists prove some treatments work.

(6)While many experts have welcomed the move to make acupuncture available on the NHS, some are still sceptical about its effectiveness. Research from the US earlier this month found that simulated acupuncture using toothpicks which do not make a hole in the skin could be as good as using real needles. So while some are yet to be convinced, back pain sufferers will be hoping that acupuncture helps get them feeling healthy and mobile again. Employers, on the other hand, will be hoping it gets them back to work.

1.What's the best title of the text?(No more than 10 words)

2.Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 3 words)

Not all experts are convinced of the benefit of acupuncture although many of them have ______for the application of the treatment

3.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words。(no more than 5 words)

4.What’s the difference between simulated acupuncture using tooth picks and real acupuncture?

(No more than 20 words)

5.What does the word “it”(Line 2,Paragraph 2)probably refer to? (no more than 5 words)

书面表达（满分25分）

有一场神奇的“价值拍卖会”，你可以拍下自己最想要的东西。竞拍内容有：爱心、梦想、名牌大学录取通知书、聪明、快乐、诚信、自由、权利、友情、金钱等.那么你会为什么而举牌？

写作要求：

1.请选出你最想得到的三样东西，并阐明你选择的理由。

2.字数120左右（不含幵头语）

附：1. 拍卖会--auction    2.录取通知书--- admission notice

Different people may bid for different things.

—Does it rain a lot in this area?

   —_______, it hardly ever rains; the climate is like that of a desert.

A. What’s worse     B. In other words           C. On the contrary      D. As a result

The city is well known for its education of good quality, however, its standards of education have _____in recent years.

A. distributed           B. contributed          C. accelerate           D. declined

No driving after drinking is a rule that every driver _______ obey in our country.

A. will               B. shall                C. may              D. can

Being a parent is not always easy and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with _____extra stress.

 A. it               B. one                      C. them                 D. him

Why not buy him _______ MP4 as_______ birthday present since he likes music?

A. an; the                B. the; the                 C. an; a            D. a; a

There is nothing more I can try _______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.

　 A. being persuaded       B. persuading           C. to be persuaded      D. to persuade