Plants can’t communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants Produce volatile compounds, chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flower’s sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as Bugs and bees.

Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants. A tree under attack by Hungry insets, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the Attack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away ——or even  Chemicals that attract the bugs’ natural enemies.

Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical Sensor（传感器）called an electronic nose. The “e-nose” can tell compounds that crop plants make When they’re attacked Scientists say the e-nose could help quickly detect whether plants are being Eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual Plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses, enclosed gardens than can house Thousands of plants.

The research team worked with an e-nose than recognizes volatile compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds Based on these interactions, the e-nose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.

To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop, These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch（打孔器）. The e-nose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber, pepper and tomato plants based on The volatile compounds they produce, It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage ---- by insects or with a hole Punch ---- had been done to the tomato leaves.

With some fine-tuning, a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.

1.We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by____.

A. making some sounds        B. waving their leaves

C. producing some chemicals   D. sending out electronic signals

2.What did the scientists do to find out if the e-nose worked?

A. They presented it with all common crops.

B. They fixed 13 sensors inside the device.

C. They collected different damaged leaves.

D. They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves.

3.According to the writer, the most amazing thing about the e-nose is that it can___.

A. pick out ripe fruits

B. spot the insects quickly

C. distinguish different damages to the leaves

D. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves

4.We can infer from the last paragraph that the e-nose_____.

A. is unable to tell the smell of flowers

B. is not yet used in greenhouses

C. is designed by scientists at Purdue

D. is helpful in killing harmful insects

In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh(法老)treated the poor message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off.

Shades of that spirit spread over today’s conversations. Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked light-heartedly out the door, picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, ”Oh boy, bad day for a picnic. The weatherman says it’s going to rain.”I wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, for his while

Several months ago I was racing to catch  a him As I breathlessly put my handful of cash across the Grey hound counter, the sales agent said with a broad smile ,”Oh that bus left five minutes ago.”Dreams of head-cutting!

  It’s not the news that makes someone angry. It’s the unsympathetic attitude with which it’s the unsympathetic attitude with which it’s delivered. Everyone must give bad news from time to time, and winning professionals do it with the proper attitude. A doctor advising a patient that she needs an operation does it in a caring way. A boss informing an employee he didn’t get the job takes on a sympathetic tone. Big winners know, when delivering any bad news, they should share the feeling of the receiver.

Unfortunately, many people are not aware of this. When you’re tired from a long flight, has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isn’t ready yet? When you had your heart set on the toast beef, has your waiter mainly told you that he just served the last piece? It makes you as traveler or diner want to land your fist right on their unsympathetic faces.

Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warming .Had the Greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had already left, I probably would have said, ” Oh, that’s all right I’ll catch the next one.” Big winners, when they bear bad news ,deliver bombs with the emotion the bombarded(被轰炸的)person is sure to have.

1.In Paragraph 1,the writer tells the story of the pharaoh to ____.

A. make a comparison      B. introduce a topic

C. describe a scene         D. offer an argument

2.In the writer’s opinion, his neighbor was ___.

A. friendly   B. warm-hearted    C. not considerate   D. not helpful

3.From “Dreams of head-cutting!”(Paragraph3),we learn that the writer___.

A. was mad at the sales agent

B. was reminded of the cruel pharaoh

C. wished that the sales agent would have had dreams

D. dreamed of cutting the sales agent’s head that night.

4.What is the main idea of the text?

A. Delivering bad news properly is important in communication.

B. Helping others sincerely is the key to business success.

C. Receiving bad news requires great courage.

D. Learning ancient traditions can be useful.

Four people in England back in 1953, stared at Photo 51,It wasn’t much—a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed –the shape of DNA The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.

Her name was Rosalind Franklin.”She should have been up there,” says historian Mary Bowden.” If her photos hadn’t been there, the others couldn’t have come up with the structure.” One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors

At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Click tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA’s parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at King’s College in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule(分子). The rays produced patterns reflection the shape.

But Wilkins and Franklin’s relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick, Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant .But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.

What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return, “Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to to go or be put in her place.”

As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson  and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin, Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that  “Franklin was only two steps away  from the solution.”

 No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of  DNA . She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the  “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.

1.What is the text mainly about?

A. The disagreements among DNA researchers.

B. The unfair treatment of Franklin.

C. The process of discovering DNA.

D. The race between two teams of scientists.

2.Watson was angry with Franklin because she     .

A. took the lead in the competition     B. kept her results from him

C. proved some of his findings wrong    D. shared her data with other scientists

3.Why is Franklin described as  “Dark Lady of DNA”?

A. She developed pictures in dark labs.

B. She discovered the  black X-the shape of DNA.

C. Her name was forgotten after her death.

D. Her contribution was unknown to the public.

4.What is the writer’s attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?

A. Disapproving.       B. Respectful.        C.  Admiring.      D. Doubtful.

Bryan、Olga、Scott、Anna、和David正在进行一项“企业家成功秘诀调查”。他们将采访几位企业家，第61-65题是他们拟定的采访话题。阅读下面刊登在Entrepreneur (《企业家》)杂志上6位企业家的成功感言（A、B、C、D、E和F），为每位采访者选定最佳采访对象，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。

下面短文中有10处语法错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写上该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不计分。

One rainy day while I was walking home with one of my friend, a trunk came

                                              friends

to a stop besides us. The driver put the window down and offered us a unbrella

       beside                                           an

because he found we were wet through. I stood there and couldn’t believe in

                                                           i\n

that a complete stranger is so thoughtful. The man insisted, so I grateful

                    was                           gratefully

accepted the offer, thanked him and watched the truck disappear down the road.

This man might need the umbrella himself, and he preferred to give it to

                                   but

everyone else. It was a lesson to us that it was possible ∧give without expect

someone/somebody                              to        expecting

anything in return.

书面表达（满分30分）

5月1日。高二（3）班的学生志愿者Li Yue和Zhang Hua去阳光敬老院（Sunshine

Nursing Home)开展志愿者活动（送水果、打扫、聊天等）。假如你是校英语报的记者，请按下列要点用英语写一则100~120个词的新闻报道。

1.  时间、地点、人物、活动；

2.  老人们的反应；

3.  简短评论。

4.  注意：报道的标题和记者姓名已给出（不计词数）。

Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly

                                         By Chen Jie, School Newspaper

（全国卷I海南、宁夏） 书面表达

假定你是李华，正在英国接受英语培训，住在一户英国人家里。今天你的房东Mrs Wilson 不在家，你准备外出，请给Mrs Wilson 写一留言条，内容包括：

1．外出购物

2．替房东还书

3．Tracy 来电话留言：1）咖啡屋（Bolton Coffee）见面取消

2）此事已告知Susan

3) 尽快回电

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

 Mrs Wilson,

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Li Hua

（2009.全国卷II）书面表达（满分30分） 

 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友sarah 打算暑期来北京旅游，来信询问改建后前门大街的情况。请你写封回信，简单介绍以下内容： 

1.       简况：长800余米、600多年历史、300余家商铺； 

2.       位置：天安门广场南面； 

3.       交通：公共汽车17、69、59等路，地铁2号线； 

4.       特色：步行街、当当车、茶馆、剧院等。 

参考词汇：步行街 pedestrian street 

当当车 trolley car 

地铁 subway 

注意： 

1.       词数100左右； 

2.       可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 

3.       开头语已为你写好，请将完整的回信书写在答题卡上。 

 Dear Sarah.   

Thank you for you letter asking about the rebuilt Qianmen street. Here is something about it.  

（2009.北京卷）：书面表达（共两节，35分）

第一节，        情景作文（20分）

假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华，为响应绿化祖国的号召，你班四月十二日去郊区植树，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍植树活动的全过程，给某英文杂志的“绿色行动”专栏写一篇以“Green Action in Our Class”为题的英文稿件。

注意：词数不少于60

提示词：郊区 suburbs

第二节 开放作文（15分）

请根据下面提示，写一篇短文，词数不少于50

In your spoken English class, your teacher shows you the following picture. You are asked to describe the picture and explain how you understand it.

第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）

第一节    情景作文（20分）

一、内容要点：

1、  骑车去植树

2、  植树

3、  安插提示牌

4、  照相

二、说明：

内容要点可用不同方式表达

（2009.四川卷） 书面表达（满分35分）

假设你是李华。你的外国笔友Jane打算于七月来中国，特来信了解中国人的社交习俗。请你用英语回一封信，从以下几个方面作具体介绍。

1.         页面时的问候方式；

2.         对毛病伯回答方式；

3.         接收礼物时的回应方式；

4.         餐宴礼节。

注意：

1.         词数100左右，信的开头和结束语已为你写好（不计入总词数）。

2.         可根据内容要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯。

Dear Jane,

Glad to hear from you and you’re welcome to China in July.                                

I hope what’s mentioned above might be helpful and wish you a good journey.