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　　We know the kiss as a form of expressing affection. But long before it became 1 , it was customary in many countries to use it as a( n) 2 of respect. Some native Africans 3 the ground over which a chief has walked. Kissing the hand and foot has been a mark of respect from the 4 times.

　　The early Romans kissed the mouth or eyes 5 a form of dignified greeting. One Ro man emperor allowed his important nobles to kiss his lips, but the 6 important ones had to kiss his hands, and the 7 important ones were 8 allowed to kiss his feet!

　　Most likely the kiss as a form of affection can be traced back to primitive times when a mother 9 fondle her child, just as a mother 10 today. It only remained for society to 11 this as a custom for expressing affection between adults.

　　We have evidence that this was already the 12 by the time of the sixth century, but we can only assume (to think that something is true) it was 13 long before that. The first 14 where the kiss became accepted in courtship (求婚)was in France. The kiss spread rapidly all over Europe. Russia, which loved to 15 the customs of France, soon adopted it. A kiss from the Tsar became 16 of the highest forms of recognition from the 17 .

　　In time, the kiss became a part of courtship. 18 marriage customs developed, the kiss became a part of the wedding ceremony. Today, we regard it as an expression of love and tenderness. 19 there are still 20 of formal ceremonies and is intended to convey respect.

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　　When I come across a good essay in reading newspapers, I am often eager to cut and keep it. But just as I am about to do so I find the article 1 is as much interesting. It may be a discussion of the way to keep 2 , or advice about how to behave and conduct 3 in society. If I cut the front essay, the opposite one is sure to suffer damage, 4 half of it or keeping the text without the subject. 5 , the scissors would 6 before they start, or halfway done when I find out the regretful result.

　　Sometimes two things are to be done 7 , both deserving your attention. You can only 8 one of them, the other has to wait or 9 . But you know the future is unpredictable (无法预测)—the changed situation may not allow you to do what 10 . 11 you are caught in a fix and feel sad. How come that nice opportunities and brilliant ideas should gather around 12 . It may happen that your life changes greatly on your preference of one choice to the other.

　　In fact that is what life is like: we are often 13 the two opposite sides of a thing which are both desirable like newspaper cutting. It often happens that our 14 is drawn to one thing only 15 we are engaged in another. The former may be more important than the latter and give rise to a divided mind. I still remember a philosopher's remarks: “When one door shuts, another opens in life. ” 16 a casual(随意)or passive choice may not be a 17 one.

　　 18 we do in our lifetime, wherever life's storm lasses ( throw) us, there 19 we can achieve, some shore we can land, that opens up new vistas to us. Don't forget God always helps those who help themselves. While the front door is closed, there must be 20 for you.

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　　Some people say it's the most exciting thing they have ever done in their lives. Other people say it's dangerous and 1 . “Bungee jumping, ” 2 it is known, has become very 3 in the USA, France, New Zealand and Australia. Every year, thousands of people 4 50 meters or more 5 only by a “ Bungee”, a rubber cord (绳索) that stops them 6 the ground.

　　Bungee jumping 7 in 1979 when two students from Oxford University, England, jumped from the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, USA. 8 , bungee jumping businesses have 9 all over the USA and other places, 10 in some countries it is not 11 by law. In the USA, bungee jumpers pay $80 or more to fall through the air 12 nearly 100 km an hour — risking(冒险) their lives if the bungee cord 13 .

　　Emily Stead is a bungee jumper who has survived 50 jumps. “It's 14 !”she says. “I first went bungee jumping five years ago. Then, I jumped just 20 meters. My 15 jump was 50 metres — from a hot-air balloon. It's the best 16 I have done. ”

　　Other people do not agree. “Bungee jumping, ”says Dr Willian Finch in Colorado, USA, “is both stupid and dangerous. This month I have seen twelve people who 17 their legs or ribs (肋骨) from a bungee jump. Until now, 18 has died — but sooner or later, it will happen. ”Studies show that about two in one million might have 19 of death. Almost every accident was caused by the jumper not being 20 connected to the cord or the cord not being firmly connected to the jump platform.

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　　As my train was delayed for two hours, I had plenty of time to spare. After buying some newspapers to read on the journey, I made my way to the 1 office to collect my heavy suit-case I had 2 there three days before. There were only a few people 3 , and I took out my wallet to find the receipt for my case. The receipt didn't seem to be where I had left it. I 4 the contents, and railway tickets, money scraps of paper and photos fell out of it; but no matter how 5 I searched, the receipt was nowhere to be found.

　　When my turn came, I 6 the situation sorrowfully to the assistant. The man looked at me 7 as if to say that he had 8 this kind of story many times and asked me to 9 the case. I told him that it was an old, brown looking 10 no different from the marry cases I could see on the shelves. The assistant then gave me 11 and told me to 12 of the chief contents of the case. If they were 13 , he said, I could take the case away. I tried to 14 all the articles I had 15 packed into the case and wrote them down as they came to me.

　　After I had done this, I went to 16 among the shelves. There were hundreds of cases there. For one dreadful moment, it 17 to me that if someone had 18 the receipt up he could have easily claimed (认领) the case already. This hadn't happened 19 , for after a time I found the case lying in a corner. After examing the articles inside, the assistant was 20 and told me I could take the case away.

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　　Today, many people are starving to death. Recently, a man who wanted to understand the conditions of such people conducted an experiment. He only ate one meal a day for a month but continued to work as he normally did.

　　During the first five days he was hungry at his 1 mealtime, but after he had drunk a glass of 2 , his hunger went away. In the 3 , when he ate his one meal, he ate quickly and had a 4 amount. During the next few days, 5 he was not hungry during the day, he quickly 6 every food stall( a table on which food is put to be sold), and the 7 of food caught his

8 . During the third and the fourth weeks, he had hunger pains and 9 physical strength. He 10 his one meal and ate it slowly, enjoying every bite. 11 it, he knew he would have hardly enough energy to work.

　　This 12 changed his attitude(态度) about some things. Having a cup of tea was not 13 a pastime. It also 14 him strength. He more frequently noticed overweight people and people who threw 15 leftover food. He 16 the importance of 17 for the very hungry person. He could no longer easily 18 by a hungry beggar on the street. But most 19 , he could now sympathize(同情) in a 20 way with the hungry people of the world.

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　　The Chinese Zodiac(生肖) 1 a 12-year cycle, each year 2 is named after a distinct animal that is said to bring distinct characteristics to its year. Some Chinese believe that the year of a person's birth has 3 to do with their personality traits(性格特征), degree of success and happiness. Just for fun, here is one sign from your age group.

　　Tigers(born in 1986)are broad-minded and quick 4 . But you are also sensitive(敏感) and suspicious. Sometimes you cannot make up your mind, which can 5 a poor, hasty decision, or a good decision made 6 .

　　Born under the sign of 7 , you are a natural leader. But you often feel things stronger than others. which 8 your moods(情绪) easily. You can react poorly 9 and are 10 to burst into anger suddenly.

　　You might be rebellious, as you 11 obeying orders. You are 12 one to step back &nm a fight. You can be oversensitive to others' criticism.

　　Honest, open and generous, you have a magic 13 of humor. You are tender especially to babies and animals. You do everything with energy and enthusiasm. 14 you get into your job, you may forget all other things, even 15 .

　　Full of 16 , You never stay in one place 17 . Your life is a series of 18 , but you are very adaptable (适应性).

　　A 19 that you should learn is “moderation in all things”. Once you can find you center and direct your considerable energies toward worthwhile goals you will be 20 .

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　　Joe Black had his son 1 . He called the baby Richard, 2 his father, but people usually called him Dick, which is 3 Richard. When little Dick was three, he began to go to kindergarten. Joe thought it was 4 that he was going to be the 5 child in the school, and that he was going to learn to read perfectly in a few months. But to Joe's 6 , Dick proved to be an 7 child, neither very quick nor very slow to learn. Joe blamed the 8 of the teaching. To his prejudiced father, Dick could not possibly be anything 9 a genius.

　　The time came for Dick to go on to a primary school, 10 before long, he was taking his first examination. It was in 11 .

　　Joe had a sister, Margaret, who had a daughter. She was 12 than Dick, and cleverer. She had taken 13 examination a year before, and had done well in it. Margaret came to see her brother one day 14 Dick's examination, and after they had talked about different things for some time, Margaret mentioned the examination.

　　“ 15 ?”she asked.

　　Joe looked a little embarrassed (窘迫) and 16 for a few moments. “ Well, ” he said at last, “ I regret to say that he 17 . ”Then he added, “But it wasn't his fault! They cheated him 18 asking him questions about things that happened before the poor boy 19 , so 20 he didn't know the answers. ”

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　　“Waitress! Waitress! Come 1 !”A customer shouted, 2 the cup in front of him and said to her in a 3 way: “Look at 4 . The milk is rotten, my black tea 5 ! ”

　　“Very sorry, ”the waitress 6 smilingly. “I'll replace it right away. ”

　　She brought a new cup of black tea, 7 a slice of lemon and milk 8 she had done before. When she served, she said 9 : “May I 10 ? If lemon is put in the cup, 11 not to add milk, for the citric acid sometimes turns the milk into solid mass. ”Being aware of his 12 , the customer 13 , finished his tea hurriedly and left.

　　Somebody asked the waitress: “Obviously he was 14 . Why didn't you 15 on the spot? Why not 16 ?” “Precisely because he was rude, he had to 17 tactfully, ”(婉转地)the waitress said. “Those in the wrong often 18 arrogance(傲慢), those 19 on their side prefer 20 .”

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　　America's latest strategy for single persons who don't want to be single any longer has many names: speeddating, expressdate, 10-minute-dating or simply mini-date.

　　The principle is the same: Why spend an 1 evening with a stranger 2 you realize after only the first few minutes that you can't 3 the person?

　　The solution: The man and woman sit down 4 each other. A bell is sounded, and in the next 7 to 10 minutes each one tries to find out as much as possible about the 5 persons. When the bell 6 off a second time, the men stand up and move 7 to the next female.

　　At such a meeting in San Francisco 8 , some 200 men and women between the ages of 30 and 60 had a 9 expression on their faces; in two long 10 opposite each other. The signal was given, and then almost everybody started 11 away.

　　Richard Gosse. 12 of“American Singles, ”says this is the fastest, most effective and at the moment“ 13 way”tosearch for a partner. Minute-dates have become a 14 everywhere from computer fans in Silicon Valley to gays in San Francisco to the suburbs of Chicago. Gosse says the quick method to get to know each other is helpful above all for 15 singles who are not brave enough to speak to a stranger in a bar.

　　His 16 : Don't talk about money, your weight or about your former partner, but 17 about your dreams, desires and hobbies.

　　Most speed-dating meetings cost about US$25 per evening, 18 a person to get to know 15 to 20 people 19 the opposite sex. Speed-dating is so much in demand in America that most meetings are 20 out weeks and months in advance.

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　　The country's highest level university scholarships were handed out last week. The national scholarship is given to 45, 000 students each year. The 1 10, 000 will receive 6, 000 yuan, the others, 4, 000 yuan. 2 , students with a national scholarship are not required to pay tuition(学费).

　　The winners are students from poor families who have an 3 record in their studies. But, the University of Science and Technology of Beijing has gone 4 further with its requirements.

　　This year's winners 5 to be non-smokers, non-drinkers, and thrifty(节约). Anyone who is 6 enough to use the scholarship money to 7 friends to meals could face the possibility of having it 8 . The assessment(评定)process was strict. The student who applied for the scholarship was supposed to do two things. One is to 9 a short speech about study, campus life, and family conditions; and 10 is to take part in a question and answer session with the evaluation committee. The committee was clear in its decision process 11 gave the scholarships to 147 students.

　　As for how the money should be spent, however, opinions 12 . Some students say that it's 13 , even traditional, for a winner to invite friends to a 14 , usually a meal.

　　The scholarship winners themselves 15 not seem to agree. “I object to spending the money on a banquet(宴会) for friends. 16 winners who are from poor families should make good use of the money and not waste it, ”said one of the 17 who said she would use it for her further studies in future. A bit more 18 view carne from one of the clerks of the University's Students' Affairs Office, “How they spend the scholarship money is sort of a private matter and they're 19 to spend it in different ways. But they'd better use it 20 and in an economic way. ”

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