The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smart phones, writing by hand has become something of a nostalgic(怀旧的) skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful—both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks－both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate. Zxxk
In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active, which helps us understand our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe (转换) “those words in the mind into written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind’s eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time.
“In our computer age, some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spell checks，” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the choices given by the computer.”
【小题1】What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?

The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smart phones, writing by hand has become something of a nostalgic(怀旧的) skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful—both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks-both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate. Zxxk
In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active, which helps us understand our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe (转换) “those words in the mind into written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind’s eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time.
“In our computer age, some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spell checks，” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the choices given by the computer.”

1. 1.

   What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?

   1. A.
      The absence of blackboards in classrooms
   2. B.
      The use of new technologies in teaching
   3. C.
      The lack of practice in handwriting
   4. D.
      The popular use of smart phones
2. 2.

   Berninger’s study published in 2009 ________

   1. A.
      focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer
   2. B.
      indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper
   3. C.
      found that good essays are made up of long sentences
   4. D.
      discussed the importance of writing speed
3. 3.

   Which of the following best shows the role of spelling?

   1. A.
      Spelling improves one’s memory of words
   2. B.
      Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability
   3. C.
      Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas
   4. D.
      Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas
4. 4.

   What does “mind’s eye” in Paragraph 5 mean?

   1. A.
      Window
   2. B.
      Soul
   3. C.
      Picture
   4. D.
      Imagination
5. 5.

   What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?

   1. A.
      Computers can help people with their choice of words
   2. B.
      Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching
   3. C.
      Handwriting still has a place in today’s classrooms
   4. D.
      Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade

The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smart phones, writing by hand has become something of a nostalgic(怀旧的) skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful—both in school and in life.

Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.

Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks－both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate. Ks5u

In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active, which helps us understand our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.

Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe (转换) “those words in the mind into written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind’s eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time.

“In our computer age, some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spell checks，” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the choices given by the computer.”

41. What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?

A. The absence of blackboards in classrooms.               B. The use of new technologies in teaching.

C. The lack of practice in handwriting.                          D. The popular use of smart phones.

42. Berninger’s study published in 2009 ________.

A. focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer

B. indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper

C. found that good essays are made up of long sentences

D. discussed the importance of writing speed

43. Which of the following best shows the role of spelling?

A. Spelling improves one’s memory of words.              

B. Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.

C. Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.

D. Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.

44. What does “mind’s eye” in Paragraph 5 mean?

A. Window              B. Soul                  C. Picture                     D. Imagination

45. What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?

A. Computers can help people with their choice of words.

B. Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.

C. Handwriting still has a place in today’s classrooms.

D. Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.

【小题1】The boss seems __________（有偏见）against the female employees wearing jewelry at work.
【小题2】 The sky was high and soft and light outside with the leaves moving ________（轻柔）in the breeze.
【小题3】 Aware of a thunderstorm on the way, the farmers made the valuable things ________（转移）to safe places.
【小题4】 The dictionary is edited in the order of ________（字母表）.
【小题5】Kent is a constant reminder of Pip’s shabby beginnings, so he made a decision to move from it to the bright lights of London without any             （同伴）.
【小题6】The two numbers sound so alike on the phone that it’s hard to d___________ one from the other.
【小题7】My husband has been a_______ to smoking for several years. It is really hard for him to stop now.
【小题8】 This boy is very g___________ --- he often buys things for other people.
【小题9】 After months of overworking, Jack was suffering from physical and m         exhaustion.
【小题10】 The ability to use a language can be a_________ only by the practice of using the language.

The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphone, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful---both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks---both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to know well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(转换) “those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind’s eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot(发现) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct then over time.
“In our computer age, some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”
【小题1】What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?