2、关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。

关系词有三个作用：1、引导定语从句;2、代替先行词；3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

1、定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2. Skill aims:

　 (1). Distinguish the attributive clause from other clauses.

　 (2).　 Can use the attributive clause to speak and write fluently.

1.　 Knowledge aims:

　 (1). What is attribute?

　 (2). What is the attributive clause?

　 (3). How to use relative pronouns and relative adverbs?

就划线部分提问，是用一个合适的疑问词去替代句中的某一成分，使之成为一个特殊问句。其方法主要是：先依据语意选择相应的疑问词和疑问句语序，句末改用问号。这时我们要注意以下几点：

(1)选择恰当的疑问词。

(2)对主语或主语的定语提问时，用陈述句语序。对定语提问时，所修饰的名词应放在疑问词后。

(3)对其它成分提问，用“疑问词+一般疑问句”语序。如：

My grandpa has been in Shanxi for ten years.

→Who has been in Shanxi for ten years?

Lily’s dog has lost.

→Whose dog has lost?

Emma bought one dictionary yesterday.

→How many dictionaries did Emma buy yesterday?

句型转换设题广，部分试题难度较大，这就要求同学们有扎实的语言基本功和熟练的解题技巧。

对于按要求改写句子的试题：首先应注意“要求”的内容；二是要注意选词的准确；三是要注意各种句型的特殊点；四是要注意大小写和拼写的正确。如：

1. The maths problem is too difficult for him to work out. (改为复合句)

The maths problem is ______ difficult _____ he can’t work it out.

2. The surfers both won first prize in the city surfing competition. (改为否定句)

_____ ______ the surfers won first prize in the city surfing competition.

3. I think the fastest way to travel is by plane. (改为特殊疑问句)

____ do you think the fastest way to travel ______?

4. Miss Li showed us a picture of the feathered dinosaur. (改为被动语态)

We _____ ______ a picture of the feathered dinosaur by Miss Li.

答案与简析：

1. too…to…(太……而不能……)＝so …that …not (如此……以致……不……)，所以，应该填so, that。

2. 从转换后的句式中没有明确的否定词not可知不能用助动词加not的形式来完成。再根据both的反义词是neither，主语又是the surfers，因此应填Neither of。

3. 本题实际上是对“by plane”提问，改换后的句子只是缺少了“is by plane”，因此，该将“by plane”改为“what”，后一个空用“is”。

4. 由showed确定要用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were shown / showed。

The film is very interesting.

→How interesting the film is!

It”s a beautiful flower.

→What a beautiful flower it is!

一般情况下，what引导的感叹句和how引导的感叹句可相互转换。如：

How nice the watch is! →What a nice watch it is!

3. 反意疑问句。

Mary doesn’t work hard.

→Mary doesn’t work hard, does she?

注意：Let’s和Let us祈使句的附加问句分别为shall we 和will you。如：

Let”s go out for a walk, shall we?

2. 特殊疑问句。

I got there the day before yesterday.

→When did you get there?

1. 一般疑问句。

Sam often does his homework in the evening.

→Does Sam do his homework in the evening?

3. 当think, believe, suppose等动词后面跟宾语从句时，通常用否定主句的谓语动词来达到否定从句谓语动词的目的。如：

I think they can come tonight.

→I don’t think they can come tonight.