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2. that可引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因

 That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因,在 that引导的这种定语从句中,that也可以省去。

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1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句

  关系副词在从句中分别表示时间.地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where 充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。

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3.“介词+关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构

 (1) “介词+关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词+关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等,关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。

 (2) from where为“介词+关系副词“结构,但也可以引导定语从句。例如:

  We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..

 (3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如:

  This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

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2.关系代词的用法

 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如:

 All the people that are present burst into tears.

 (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which, who,或whom。例如:

 (3) 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如:

 There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.

 (4) which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与and this 相似,并可以指人。例如:

 He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.

 (5) that可指人或物,在从句中作表语,(指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中。

 (6) which可作表语,既可指人,以可指物。指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征.品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的。

 (7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who。

 (8) 先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that。例如:

 The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.

 (9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom,不用 which。例如:

 Is there anyone here who will go with you?

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1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词

 例1:This is the detective who came from London.

 例2:The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.

 例3:The desk whose leg is broken is very old.

 例4:This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.

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100. Take your time, _____you'll make another mistake.

 A. then  B. and   C. if  D. or

Keys:

1---5. BAABB   6---10. AABAA    11---15. ABABB    16---20. DBBDB 

21---25. DBBAB  26---30. DAADC   31---35. BCDDB    36---40. BBBDD 

41---45. CBDBC  46---50. CABAA   51---55. DDBCD    56---60. BAAAD 

61---65. ABCBB  66---70. BCDBA   71---75. CDCDD    76---80. CABCA 

81---85. ABCDA  86---90. ABCDA   91---95. BCDAB    96---100. CDDCD

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99. Be careful when _____the street.

  A. to cross B. cross  C. you cross  D. you'll cross

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98. _____are useful animals.

  A. Cow  B. Pig   C. Panda  D. Sheep

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97. I find _____interesting to play games with children.

  A. that   B. how   C. what   D. it

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96. ---Must we move to the next room?

  ---No, you _____. You may still live here if you like.

  A. mustn't  B. don't  C. don't have to  D. won't

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