1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _____ an operation right away so as to save his life. 　A. had 　B. would have 　C. have 　D. was going to have 　(答案：C) 　2、His mother insisted that he _____ the coat when going out. 　A. put on 　B. puts on 　C. to put 　D. putting on 　(答案：A) ??

八 虚拟语气在主语从句中表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等。带虚拟语气的主语从句主要有以下三种形式。

3. 在expect,believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句经常用“should+动词原形或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。

I never expected that the problem should be so complicated. 我从没想到问题会这样复杂。

　I just couldn’t believe that he should be so ignorant. 我简直不相信他会这样无知。

2.　 表示建议、要求、命令、假设等动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语用“should do”，should可省略。

　They suggested (that) Tom go to see the doctor. 他们建议汤姆去看医生。

句型说明：

1.　 常用于这种句型的动词有： advise劝告 ask要求 command命令 decide决定

demand要求 desire 希望 determine 决心 insist坚持

intend 打算 move提议 order下令 prefer宁愿

promise 允诺 propose提议 recommend 推荐 request(请求)require要求 suggest建议 urge主张

有时，上述动词+宾语从句不是表示主张、建议或要求等，而是表示其它的意义，这时则仍用陈述语气。如当insist表示对已发生过的事物的看法，或当suggest为“说明了”，“暗示”等含义时，从句用直陈语气而不用虚拟语气。

He insisted that I was wrong. 他坚持认为我是错的。

The expression on her face suggests that she knows the secret.

她脸上的表情预示着她知道这个秘密。

　(答案为C)

虚拟语气用于would rather 所跟的从句中，表示 “宁愿” “但愿”。从句动词用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成式表示过去的情况。

4. wish的时态不影响从句三种时间的判定。如果将wish 改为wished 其后that从句中的动词形式不变。

　　I wished I could help you. 我要是能帮助你就好了。

　　I wished I had written to her. 我要是给他写信就好了。

　　He wished that he were a teacher. 他真希望自己是个老师。

3. 主语+wish(that)+主语+ would/could +动词原形 +其他　 表示将来不可能或未必可能实现的愿望。

　　I wish you would stay here longer. 我希望你在这儿多呆一会。

　　 She wishes you wouldn't go.　 她希望你不要走。

　　(be 用were的形式) 表示与目前的愿望相反。

　　She wishes she had more money.　 她真希望有更多的钱。

　　I wish I were five years younger than you．我多么希望比你年轻五岁啊。

2. 主语+wish(that)+主语+ had done +其他　 　表示与过去的愿望相反。

　　I wish I had written to her. 我要是给他写信就好了。

　　I wished I had won the match．我要是打赢这场比赛就好了。

We could have done better under more favorable conditions.

假设我们有更有利的条件，我们还会做得更好。

But for his help，I should not have succeeded. 要是没有他的帮助，我就不会取得成功。

Without your help, we would not be able to finish the work in time.

要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能及时地完成工作。

But for his good education he would not have got the job.

要不是他受过良好的教育，他就不会得到这份工作。

With your aid I would have succeeded in performing my task.

当初若有你的帮助，我就会完成任务的。

He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. 他刻苦工作，不然他就失败了。

I would have written the paper before, but I have been ill.

我本来早就该写好这篇论文，但我一直在生病。

I would be most glad to help you, but I’m busy now.

　例：I _____ on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.

　A. was knocking

　B. am knocking

　C. knocking

　D. have been knocking

(答案：D)

被动语态

?考试重点：感官动词和使役动词的被动语态；动词短语的被动语态；情态动词的被动语态；用主动表示被动的含义。 　一、感官动词及使役动词(如：see，feel，hear，watch，make，bid)在主动语态中用无to不定式做宾补，改为被动语态时要加to。 　1、The middle-aged man was seen _____ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder. 　A. came 　B. come 　C. to come 　D. have come 　(答案为C) 　2、We were made to study harder. 我们被要求努力学习。 　二、有些动词后面接一个介词或副词，构成短语。变被动语态时，短语动词做及物动词用。 　1、The children are well looked after. 这些孩子得到了很好的照顾。 　2、The doctor has been sent for. 已经派人去请大夫了。 　三、情态动词的被动语态 　构成：情态动词+be+过去分词。 　1、The work must be finished before lunch. 这项工作必须在午饭前干完。 　2、Nothing can be seen from here. 从这儿什么也看不见。 　四、用主动表示被动的含义 　常用：need/require +doing sth(=to be done)(此句型主语大多为物) 　例：My room is a mess. It needs _____. 　A to be tidying up 　B. tidying up 　C. to tidy up 　D. tidied up 　(答案为B) 第三节 情态动词

?考试重点：情态动词+完成时 　情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。 　一、must +现在完成时 　表示对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜测。 　1、Mr. Green _____ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now. 　A. must have received 　B. must have failed to receive 　C. must receive 　D. must fail to receive 　(答案：B) 　2、I believe he _____ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time. 　A. would have had 　B. could have had 　C. should have had 　D. must have had 　(答案为D) 　二、should (ought to )+完成时 　表示应该做的事情而没有做，否定式表示不该做的事情做了。含有对过去的动作的责备、 　批评。 　1、They have done things they ought _____. 　A. not to do 　B. not to be done 　C. not to have done 　D. not having done 　(答案为C) 　2、I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I _____ him earlier. 　A. had a telephone 　B. have phoned 　C. should have phoned 　D. should be phoned 　(答案为C) 　三、could +完成时 　表示能做的事情而没有做。表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾。 　1、He could have joined us, but he didn’t get our invitation in time. 　他本来能够参加我们的，但是他没有收到我们的请贴。 　2、I could have passed, but I did not study hard enough. 　我本来能及格的，但是没有努力学习。 第四节 虚拟语气

如果所表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小时，称为虚拟条件句。 　考试重点：虚拟语气的基本形式和用法；if的省略形式；含蓄条件句；以wish(that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句；would rather 引导的从句；以as if, as though 引导的从句；以suggest, advise, insist 等词后引导的宾语从句；It is necessary(important)that引导的主语从句；It is time (that)…句型中。 　一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法： 　虚拟(条件)语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：

1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _____ him. 　A. had known 　B. have known 　C. knew 　D. know 　(答案：C。与现在的事实相反，从句用过去时) 　2、Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _____ the same language? 　A. spoke 　B. speak 　C. had spoken 　D. will speak 　(答案：A。与现在的事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去时。) 　3、If Bob____ with us, he would have had a good time. 　A. would come 　B. would have come 　C. had come 　D. came 　(答案为C。与过去的事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。)