8. ______ (leave) alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.

7. _______ (determine) to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately. 高*考*资*源*网

6. ______ (settle) in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.

5. A cool rain was falling, _____ (mix) with snow.

4. Most of the photographers _____ (invite) to the conference were from north Europe.

3. The speaker raised his voice but couldn’t make himself _____(hear).

2. ______ (see) the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ (frighten) out of her life.

独立主格结构，又叫做独立结构。在形式上与主句没有任何关系，但是在意思上却与主句密切联系在一起，共同构筑成一个完整的语义环境。独立主格结构只有逻辑上的主语，没有主语和谓语，所以在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的特殊结构。独立主格结构分为四类：1.独立分词结构；2.独立不定式结构；3.独立无动词结构；4.with复合结构。

[考例]高*考*资*源*网

① The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _______at the end of last March. (2007山东卷)

A. has been launched 　　　　　 B. having been launched

C. being launched 　　　　　　　 D. to be launched

[解析]B。本题解题的关键在于中间的逗号，本句中没有出现连词，说明这不是一个复合句，因此后面部分不是句子，只能是一个独立主格结构，由recent可知应使用分词的完成时。

② The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day. (2007重庆卷)

A. finishing 　　　　　　　 B. finished　　　　　　 C. had finished　 　 D. were finished

[解析]B。中间的逗号说明这是一个含有独立主格结构的简单句，分词与其逻辑主语their lessons含有逻辑上的被动意义，应使用过去分词。

③ John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________, he gladly accepted it.(2007安徽卷)

　 A. finished　　　　 B. finishing　　 　　　　　 C. having finished　　 　　　　 D. was finished

[解析]B。考查with复合结构中作宾补的分词的选用。his work与作宾补的分词含有逻辑上的被动意义，应使用过去分词作宾补。

[实战演练]

I. 用括号里动词的适当形式填空：

1. Generally speaking, when ______ (take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

过去分词作表语，其主语通常是人，表示主语所处的状态或表示主语对某事的感觉，意思是“(某人)……的”；而现在分词其主语通常是物，表示主语的特征，意思是“令人……的”。常用作表语的过去分词有：interested, moved, discouraged, amused, astonished, surprised, frightened, excited, moved, inspired, tired, worried, hurt, crowded, gone, broken, dressed, wounded, pleased等。高*考*资*源*网

[考例]

①Ladies and gentlemen, please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.(2009四川卷)

A. seated　　 B. seating　　 C. to seat　　 D. seat

[解析]A。remain是连系动词，其后接表语。seat是及物动词，当后面没有宾语时应使用be seated，此处用作表语，应使用过去分词形式。高*考*资*源*网

② Tom sounds very much ______ in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it.(2006安徽卷)

　A. interested　 B. interesting　 C. interestingly　 D. interestedly 　

[解析]A。sound是连系动词，应使用形容词化的分词作表语。interest的现在分词表示主语所具有的特征，意思是“令人感兴趣的”；过去分词表示主语所处的状态，意思是“感兴趣的”。

过去分词作状语时重点判断出分词逻辑主语以及逻辑主语与分词之间的逻辑关系。若二者之间为被动关系，即逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者，则用过去分词。过去分词作状语相当于一个状语从句，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随等，有时过去分词前也可加上连词when, while, if, unless, though等。过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子中的主语，表示被动或完成意义。

[考例]

① _______ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog. (2009北京卷)

　　 　　A. Being bitten　　 B. Bitten

C. Having bitten　　 D. To be bitten

[解析]B。分词与其逻辑主语the postman在逻辑上含有动宾关系，应使用表示被动意义的过去分词作状语。

② ______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.(2007浙江卷)

　 　　A. Driven　　 B. Being driven　　　 C. To drive　　　 D. Having driven

[解析]A。根据语境：农民被蔬菜的大量需求所驱动，建起了更多的温室大棚。分词与其逻辑主语farmers在逻辑上是被动关系，应使用过去分词作状语。

③ The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every day.(2007四川卷)

　　 A. watered　　　 B. watering　 B. water　　　 D. to water

[解析]A。分词与其逻辑主语flowers之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词。

④We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse. (2007全国卷I)

　 　　A. not if dealt carefully with　　　　 B. if not carefully dealt with

　 　　　C. if dealt not carefully with　　　　 D. not if carefully dealt with高*考*资*源*网

[解析]B。分词与其逻辑主语the situation之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词。