73．Very few species depend entirely on genetic learning because　　　　　 .

　　　 A．each generation has its own way of learning

　　　 B．their environments change all the time

　　　 C．they can act reasonably on their own

　　　 D．it takes their whole life to learn

72．The animal’s life will come to an end　　　　　 .

　　　 A．if the animal makes a wrong decision 　 B．if the animal plays a dangerous game

　　　 C．when the animal attacks its enemy 　　　 D．when the animal runs too slowly

71．In the last paragraph , the writer implies that there is a long way to go　　　　　 .

　　　 A．for a robotic vehicle to finish a 142-mile race without any difficulties

　　　 B．for a little child who has just learned to walk to reach the cookie on the table

　　　 C．for a robotic vehicle to deal with a simple problem that a little child can solve

　　　 D．for a little child to understand the importance of wiping apple juice off its face

答案　 67.A　 68.D　 69.D　 70.A　 71.C

Passage 82

(05·湖北E篇)

From the moment that an animal is born it has to make decisions . It has to decide which of the things around it are for eating , and which are to be avoided ; when to attack and when to run away . The animal is , in fact , playing a very dangerous game with its environment , a game in which it must make decision-a matter of life or death .

Animals’ ability to act reasonably is believed to come partly from what we may call “genetic (遗传性的)learning” , which is different from the individual (个体的) learning that an animal does in the course of its own lifetime . Genetic learning is learning by a species -animals of the same kind-as a whole , and it is achieved by selection of those members of each generation that happen to act in the right way . However , the role of genetic learning depends upon how similar the future environment is to the past . The more important individual experience is likely to be , the less important is genetic learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game . Because most animals live in ever changing evironments from one generation to the next , it is not surprising to find that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic learning .

In the great majority of animals , their particular ways of acting in a new environment are a compound (复合体) of individual experience added to the action patterns animals are born with .That is why animals can survive .

70．In the race , the greatest distance one robotic vehicle covered was　　　　　 .

　　　 A．about eight miles 　 B．six miles

　　　 C．almost two miles 　　 D．about one mile

69．From the passage we know “robotic vehicles” are a kind of machines that　　　　　 .

　　　 A．can do effortlessly whatever tasks living thing can

　　　 B．can take part in a race across 142 miles with a time limit

　　　 C．can show off their ability to turn themselves upside down

　　　 D．can move from place to place without being driven by human beings

68．DARPA organized the race in order to　　　　　 .

　　　 A．raise money for producing more robotic vehicles

　　　 B．push the development of vehicle industry

　　　 C．train more people to drive in the desert

　　　 D．improve the vehicles for future wars

67．Watchers doubted if any of the vehicles could finish the race because　　　　 .

　　　 A．they did not have any human guidance

　　　 B．the road was not familiar to the drivers

　　　 C．the distance was too long for the vehicles

　　　 D．the prize money was unattractive to the drivers

59．How does the writer explain birds’ singing?

　　　 A．By comparing birds with human beings.

　　　 B．By reporting experiment results.

　　　 C．By describing birds’ daily life.

　　　 D．By telling a bird’s story.

答案　 56.B　 57.D　 58.B　 59.A

Passage 81

(05·湖北D篇)

Thirteen vehicles lined up last March to race across the Mojave Desert , seeking a million in prize money . To win , they had to finish the 142-mile race in less than 10 hours . Teams and watchers knew there might be no winner at all , because these vehicles were missinge a key part drivers .

DARPA , the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency , organized the race as part of a push to develop robotic vehicles for future battlefields . But the Grand Challenge , as it was called , just proved how difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance . One had its brake lock up in the starting area . Another began by throwing itself onto a wall . Another got tied up by bushes near the road after 1.9 miles .

One turned upside down . One took off in entirely the wrong direction and had to be disabled by remote (远距离的) control . One went a little more than a mile and rushed into a fence ; another managed to go for six miles but stuck on a rock . The “winner,” if there was any , reached 7.8 miles before it ran into a long , narrow hole , and the front wheels caught on fire .

“You get a lot of respect for natural abilities of the living things,” says Reinhold Behringer , who helped design two of the car-size vehicles for a company called Sci-Autonics . “Even ants (蚂蚁) can do all these tasks effortlessly . It’s very hard for us to put these abilities into our machines .”

The robotic vehicles , though with necessary modern equipment such as advanced computers and GPS guidance , had trouble figuring out fast enough the blocks ahead that a two-year-old human recognizes immediately , Sure , that very young child, who has just only learned to walk , may not think to wipe apple juice off her face , but she already knows that when there’s a cookie in the kitchen she has to climb up the table , and that when she gets to the cookie it will taste good . She is more advanced , even months old , than any machine humans have designed .

58．Why do birds keep on singing at nesting season?

　　　 A．Because they want to invite more friends.

　　　 B．Because their singing helps frighten outsiders away.

　　　 C．Because they want to find outsiders around.

　　　 D．Because their singing helps get rid of their fears.

57．What is a bird’s “territory”?

　　　 A．A place where families of other species are not accepted.

　　　 B．A place where a bird may shout at the top of its voice.

　　　 C．An area for which birds fight against each other.

　　　 D．An area which a bird considers to be its own .