(The Guardian)：              More UK universities should be profiting from ideas

　　A repeated criticism of the UK's university sector is its noticeable weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.

　　Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured, despite an annual £40m spent by the Department of Health on all kinds of research.

　　However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.

　　When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions (interference) of the past decade have helped transformed the performances of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.

　　This type of uneven distribution is not strange to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities are receiving 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialization work creates differences between universities.

　　The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts. Their purpose is not to generate funds to add to the bottom line of the university or to substitute other income streams. Rather, these universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise (expert knowledge or skill) in order to build greater confidence in the sector.

　　Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialization spilling out of our universities. On the evidence presented in my report, there are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialization work.

　　If there was a greater coordination（协调）of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous (happening at the same time) investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.

1.What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?

A．They have lost their leading position in many ways.

B．They still have a place among the world leaders.

C．They do not regard it as their responsibility.

D．They fail to change knowledge into money.

2.What does the author say about the national data on UK universities’ performance in commercialization?

A．It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.

B．It indicates their ineffective use of government resources.

C．It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.

D．It does not reflect the differences among universities.

3.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that “policy interventions (in Paragraph 4)” refers to _____.

A．concentration of resources in a limited number of universities

B．compulsory cooperation between universities and industries

C．government aid to non-research-oriented universities

D．fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions

4.What dose the author suggest research-led universities do?

A．Fully use their research to benefit all sectors of society.

B．Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.

C．Advertise their research to win international recognition.

D．Spread their influence among top research institutions.

B
　　Are you feeling stressed out? Anxious? Is your mind racing in circles? Are you worried about all the things you have to get done? Here’s a quick-acting trick that can make you feel better.
　　If you’re sitting at a desk, place the palm of your hand on the desk, and take a moment to focus on what the surface of the desk feels like. Is it hot or cold, rough or smooth? Put all of your attention on the sensations in your palm, on how the desk feels underneath your hand. If you are not at a desk, do the same exercise by placing your palm on any nearby object—a wall, a chair, even your opposite arm.
When you are feeling stressed, your thoughts tend to take on a life of their own. Yon may be thinking about things you wish you had done differently in the past or worrying about things that you have to do in the future. These thoughts will make you feel anxious. The anxiety, in turn, increases the number of anxious thoughts.
If you can ground yourself even for a moment in the present, you will break the cycle and feel instant relief. Paying attention to what objects in your environment feel like forces you to pay more attention to the present moment than to negative, anxiety-provoking thoughts about the past or about the future.
Try using your other senses too:
Try closing your eyes for a second (don’t try this while driving!) and breath deeply through your nose. What do you smell?
When eating, put all your attention on how your food tastes.
What do you hear? What little noises are there around you that you didn’t notice before?
Look closely at an ordinary object. Do you see anything you haven’t noticed before?
46．By saying “Is your mind racing in circles”, the author intends to mean that_______.
A．you did something wrong in the past and wouldn’t forgive yourself
B．your mind is quick and bright when in a state of anxiety
C．you are thinking in a stupid way when anxious thoughts worries you a lot
D．you worried a lot and the anxious thoughts will increase your anxiety
47．The author advises to put your palm on the desk or any things nearby in order to______.
A．play a small trick                B．feel the surface of the object
C．do some exercises                D．reduce your anxiety
48．The writer mentioned some senses that could be used to reduce stress except the______.
A．sense of touching            B．sense of smell
C．sense of humour            D．sense of listening
49．Which of the following can be served as a title for the passage?
A．First Aid to Anxiety—Senses.    B．How Anxiety Works.
C．The Cause of Anxiety—Senses.     D．How to Deal with Anxiety.

信息匹配A. Happiness lies in persistent pursuit.
B. Happiness is in your own hand.
C. Self-knowledge is positively related to happiness.
D. Happiness is based on comparison.
E. There does not exist a guide to happiness.
F. Happiness is all about doing what you want to.
以下是5个人对幸福的看法，请把个人的看法与上面对幸福的表述匹配起来。
【小题1】 Heather Mccoy
　Entering a bookstore, one cannot help but notice entire shelves devoted to books boating knowledge of the true path to happiness.
　Whether this wave of commercials and books can actually make people happier is the question. Happiness cannot be found by sticking to a narrow set of steps or rules. Finding happiness is not as simple as following a how-to-do handbook. It’s something that every person must find in his or her own way.
【小题2】 Gary Russell
　Does happiness grow proportionally with wealth? Hardly.
　Experiences teaches us material satisfaction comes only when one finds himself wealthier than those around him; and, in a similar manner, one feels of being lowered when facing a billionaire, while a worker with a monthly salary of several hundred dollars becomes the envy of the villagers in remote mountainous regions.
【小题3】 David Niven
　True happiness is not a result from human action. Results are temporary while happiness is everywhere and can neither be created nor destroyed. With true happiness there is no place for disappointments! True happiness may mean pain and restraint in the beginning but will lead to everlasting joy and freedom. To achieve true happiness, we should separate and remove the negatives. True happiness is realized by understanding one’s own self.
【小题4】 Joshua Party
　Happiness is a state of mind. you can be happy in almost any situation. Likewise, you can be unhappy in an equal number of situations.In the end, it’s your decision.
　If one can control one’s unhappiness, then one must be able to control one’s happiness. As far as I know, the human genome project has not been able to identify a single part of any human chromosome(染色体) which is responsible for happiness.
【小题5】 Laura Johnson
　So what makes me a happy person? Studying to be a journalist because I loved to write, not because it pays a lot of money. Skiing in the winter snow and swimming in the summer sun. Spending time with my close friends from home. Being in a stable family. Reading romance novels and watching movies. Having a boyfriend who knows more about rock and roll history than I do.

It is difficult for parents of nearly every family to teach their children to be responsible （有责任的）for housework, but with one of the following suggestions, you really can get your children to help at home.

　　If you give your children the impression that they can never do anything quite right, then they will regard themselves as unfit or unable persons. Unless children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent.

　　My daughter Carla’s fifth - grade teacher made every child in her class feel special. When students received less than a prefect test score, she would point out what they had mastered and declared firmly they could learn what they had missed.

　　You can use the same technique when you evaluate （评价）your child’s work at home. Don’t always scold and give lots of praise instead. Talk about what he has done right, not about what he hasn’t done. If your child completes a difficult task, promise him a Sunday trip or a ball game with Dad.

　　Learning is a process（过程）of trying and failing and trying and succeeding. If you teach your children not to fear a mistake of failure, they will learn faster and achieve success at last.

1.The whole passage deals with ________.

2.The author thinks that________.

3.The article gives us a good suggestion about how to evaluate（评价）your child’s work at home. That is to ________.

4.The author advises readers to________.

It is difficult for parents of nearly every family to teach their children to be responsible （有责任的）for housework, but with one of the following suggestions, you really can get your children to help at home.

　　 If you give your children the impression that they can never do anything quite right, then they will regard themselves as unfit or unable persons. Unless children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent.

　　My daughter Carla’s fifth - grade teacher made every child in her class feel special. When students received less than a prefect test score, she would point out what they had mastered and declared firmly they could learn what they had missed.

　　You can use the same technique when you evaluate （评价）your child’s work at home. Don’t always scold and give lots of praise instead. Talk about what he has done right, not about what he hasn’t done. If your child completes a difficult task, promise him a Sunday trip or a ball game with Dad.

　　Learning is a process（过程）of trying and failing and trying and succeeding. If you teach your children not to fear a mistake of failure, they will learn faster and achieve success at last.

The whole passage deals with ________.

　　A. social education　　　　　　　　B. school education

　　C. family education　　　　　　　　D. pre - school education

The author thinks that________.

　　A. there is no way to get children to help at home

　　B. the more encouragement and praise you give, the more responsible and helpful children will become

　　C. it is very difficult to make children responsible for housework

　　D. children can be forced to help with housework

The article gives us a good suggestion about how to evaluate（评价）your child’s work at home. That is to ________.

　　A. praise his success　　　　　　　 B. promise him a trip

　　C. give him a punishment　　　　　 D. promise him a ball game

The author advises readers to________.

　　A. learn from himself, for he has a good way of teaching

　　B. take pride in Carla’s fifth - grade teacher

　　C. do as what Carla’s teacher did in educating children

　　D. follow Carla’s example because she never fails in the test

Having read the last paragraph, we can conclude that ________.

　　A. pride goes before a fall

　　B. practice makes perfect

　　C. no pains, no gains

D. failure is the mother of success