When we talk of plants, most of us will think of things that grow from the ground and have green leaves, but there are plants that do not look or act like other plants. Some of these belong to a special class of plants called fungi.

Fungi may appear almost everywhere. They commonly grow in wet places where they call get food and water easily. Because fungi do not have green leaves to make their own food, but fungi must take their food from animals, other plants or water. Some fungi live on dead or rotting（腐烂的）wood, while others grow on living trees or in dirt or moss（苔藓）. Mushrooms（蘑茹）are the best-known fungi.

There are many kinds of mushrooms appearing in all shapes and sizes. For example, cauliflower（菜花）mushrooms are found in forests from July to October．They can grow to be as heavy as fifty pounds! They grow at the foot of trees Squirrel’s（松鼠）bread is another kind of wild mushroom Its appearance and use Call explain its name. These fungi look like small golden cakes Squirrels can easily eat them or carry them off to their hole to eat later.

The mushrooms found in food stores are carefully grown by people who know they are safe to eat. People are warned never to touch of taste wild mushrooms because some of them are deadly. Even less dangerous ones cart still make a person very sick..

1.Where does Fungi not grow?             .

A. On dry wood                     

B. In places full of water

C. On living trees                     

D. Behind houses

2.Where can Fungi take food?             .

A. From their green leaves             

B. From water

C. From rotting wood                   

D. From people

3.Squirrel's bread is a kind of             .

A. tree         B. animal           C. food             D. medicine

4.People are advised not to eat wild fungi because             .

A. it is unfit for main food               

B. it may be dangerous to people

C. it doesn't taste so good            

D. it's strange smell may do harm to people

5.The word "fungi" in this passage means

A. 草本植物    B. 菌类植物    C. 食用蘑菇     D. 无叶植物

 

What do you do if you're stranded（处于困境的）on a lonely island? Surely you need to find a way to get in touch with the outside world. Your best chance of doing this is to draw the attention of a passing plane.
　　Body signals（信号）
　　Pilots from different countries understand body signals if they have the correct training. When you wave your arms up and down in a straight line, it means "yes". When you point downwards and swing your arm from side to side, it means "no". If you want the pilot to know that it's safe to land, push your hands out in front of you and bend（弯曲）your knees. If you want to say that it's not safe to land, put your arms in the air and move them to one side.
　　Smoke signals
　　The smoke from a fire can be seen from far away, so it's a good way to draw attention. If the weather is dry, it isn't hard to start a fire. Remember, however, that fires can be very dangerous if they get out of control. Never light a fire unless you're sure that it can't spread. If the ground is dark, light smoke can be seen more easily. Green grass and leaves produce light smoke.
　　Ground-to-air signals
　　It's a good idea to build some signals, too. Use large pieces of wood to make the symbols(标记). If you can't find any wood, use earth. Some useful symbols are:
　　F "I need food and water."
　　II "I need medicine."
　　I "I am badly hurt."
　　X" I am unable to move from here."
　　Pilots' replies
　　If the pilot lowers the plane's wings from side to side, this means "message received and understood". (At night, the pilot flashes the plane's green lights.) If the pilots flies the plane in a clockwise circle, this means "message received but not understood".(At night, the pilot flashes the plane's red lights.)
However, there is no signal which means "message not received". Why not?
【小题1】 Which picture means "it's not safe land"?

　
【小题2】 What can we learn from the passage?

A．Swinging your arm from side to side means "yes".

B．If the ground is dark, light smoke can't be seen.

C．If you need some medicine, make a symbol "II".

D．The pilots make replies with a blue light at night.

　　【小题3】 What is the passage mainly about?

A．The explanation of building signals on an island.

B．The importance of making signals on an island.

C．Ways of sending out signals on a lonely island.

D．Ways of receiving signals from a lonely island

What makes 15,000 men and women run for hours, and what makes them run through the streets on a cold day without coats? I was one of those runners.  The race is called marathon (马拉松).
I had never run more than eight miles before, and here I was training.  Since the race is in April, I had to run throughout the winter, and in Boston, winters are cold. For most people, just putting on their shirts, sweaters, jackets, and hats is exercise enough. I found myself out on the dark streets, running along ice sidewalks (人行道). Even in gloves, my fingers got so cold that they looked like red carrots. My nose didn't get warm until lunchtime !
Finally, the big day arrived. The weather was cold, with ice and rain. Bang! The gun sounded, and we started. I didn't go anywhere at first because I was standing behind so many people. I had to wait for them to move.
At first, the running was easy.  The other runners just seemed to pull me along. Somewhere around the 20-mile mark I even said to myself, "This is nothing, why did I train so hard?"
Then I hit "the wall". "The wall" is what marathon runners call the special point. I knew my body reached the point and I thought I couldn't go any more. I was out of breath and my legs turned into pieces of wood.  I was almost falling down.  I can't remember anything about the last five miles of the race.
I kept running though. At last, I heard a voice at the finishing line.
"You look good," my friend Ted said. "How did it feel?"
"Wonderful !" I replied.
For everything, if you devote yourself into it, there will be a way. I finished the race, at least, in my heart, I was the winner.
【小题1】Which one best describes the weather on the race day?

A．Cold and rainy.

B．Cold and sunny.

C．Dry and cloudy.

D．Wet and foggy.

【小题2】 How did the writer feel about the race during the first 20 miles?

A．Difficult.

B．Boring.

C．Easy.

D．Interesting.

【小题3】 According to the article, what must someone do to prepare for a marathon?

A．One must eat certain food and get plenty of sleep.

B．One must be willing to eat, sleep, and train twenty-four hours a day.

C．One must run along ice sidewalks every day.

D．One must be willing to train a lot and doesn't give up easily.

【小题4】Then I hit "the wall". What do you think "hit the wall" means here?

A．撞击墙壁

B．到达极限

C．抵达终点

D．中途加速

What do you do if you're in trouble on a lonely island? Surely you need to find a way to get in touch with the outside world. Your best chance of doing this is to draw the attention of a passing plane.
Body signals (信号)
Pilots from different countries understand body signals if they have the correct training, When you wave your arms up and down in a straight line, it means, "yes". When you point downwards and swing your arm from side to side, it means "no". If you want the pilot to know that it's safe to land, push your hands out in front of you and bend (弯曲) your knees. If you want to say that it's not safe to land, put your arms in the air and move them to one side.
Smoke signals
The smoke from a fire can be seen from far away, so it’s a good way to draw attention. If the weather is dry, it isn’t hard to start a fire. Remember, however, that fires can be very dangerous if they get out of control. Never light a tire unless you're sure that it can’t spread. If the ground is dark, light smoke can be seen more easily. Green grass and leaves produce light smoke.
Ground-to-air signals
It's a good idea lo build some signals, too. Use large pieces of wood to make the symbols (标记). If you can't find any wood, use earth. Some useful symbols are:
F "I need food and water"
II "I need medicine."
I "I am badly hurt."
X "I am unable lo move from here."
Pilots' replies
If the pilot lowers the plane's wings from side to side, this means: "message received and understood" (At night, the pilot flashes the plane's green lights.) If the pilot flies the plane in a clockwise circle, this means "message received hut not understood" (At night, the: pilot flashes the plants red lights.)
However, there is no signal which means "message not received. Why not'?
【小题1】How many signals can we use to draw the attention of the passing plane if you're in trouble?

A．Three.

B．Four

C．Five

D．Six

【小题2】Which picture means "it's not safe to land"?

【小题3】What can we learn from the passage?
A. Swinging your arm from side to side means "yes"
B. If the ground is dark, light smoke can’t be seen.
C If you need some medicine, make a symbol “Ⅱ”.
D. The pilots make replies with a blue light at night.
【小题4】What is the passage mainly about?

A．The explanation of building signals on an island.

B．The importance of making signals on an island.

C．Ways of sending out signals on a lonely island.

D．Ways of receiving signals from a lonely island.