（12分）阅读材料，回答下列问题。
材料一 古者以天下为主，君为客，凡君之所毕世而经营者，为天下也。今也以君为主，天下为客，凡天下之无地而得安宁者，为君也。……然则为天下之大害者，君而已矣。……世儒不察，以工商为末，妄议抑之；夫工固圣王之所欲来，商又使其愿出于途者，盖皆本也。
——黄宗羲《明夷待访录》
材料二 孟德斯鸠在《论法的精神》中明确提出“三权分立”理论：在一个自由的国家里，立法权应该由人民集体享有，人民必须通过自己选出的代表组成立法机关制定法律或监督它所制定的法律的执行。贵族应组成团体和平民团体同时享有立法权，二者有各自的议会。但是贵族的团体是世袭的，在立法上只有反对权，不应有创制权。立法、司法和行政这三种权力既要分立，又要互相制约。行政权应掌握在国王手中，因为政府各部门时时需要采取急速的行动，一个人管理比由几个人管理要好。行政机关有权制止立法机关的越权行为，否则立法机关就要变成专制。行政也应通过它的“反对权”来参与立法。司法权应由选自人民阶层中的人员组成法院，依照法律规定的方式来行使，它不为某一特定阶级或某一特定职业所专有。
（1）根据材料一并结合知识，概括出明清之际进步思想的历史地位和依据。（4分）
（2）根据材料并结合所学知识，慨括指出两位思想家的共同思想主张及法国启蒙思想的侧重点。（4分）
（3）指出以盂德斯鸠为代表的法国启蒙思想在促进社会变革方面的作用。（4分）

书面表达(15分)
假如你叫李明。你的好友Mark生病了，在家复习迎考。以下是学校关于英语期末考试的说明。请根据该通知写一封信给Mark，询问病情并告诉他考试的有关事宜。

期末考试时间：下周四上午8:00—10:00。 复习建议：掌握本学期所学的重要单词、短语及句型； 看笔记及平时的练习； 考前练习写几篇120字左右的作文。 如有疑难问题，请随时和老师或同学联系

注意：1、短文必须包括所有要点，可适当发挥；
2、字数：120词左右;
3、短文的开头与结尾已给出;
4、提示：短语：phrase 句型：sentence pattern
平时的练习：daily exercises 作文：composition
Dear Mark，
Sorry for your illness. Are you feeling any better now?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hope you will recover soon and also get a satisfactory mark in the exam.
Yours truly，
Li Ming

左栏是五个人的情况简介，右栏是七条关于旅游的一些注意事项。请将这五个人与适合他们的信息匹配。

1.Kin is packing her suitcase. Her mother laughs at her and says that she doesn’t need to take so many things.

2.Sonia felt unhappy. She wanted to travel with her classmates. But her parents didn’t agree. They wanted to take her to visit her grandparents.

3.Kelsey argued with her boyfriend yesterday. Kelsey wanted to travel by air but her boyfriend oreferref to take the train. They had no idea about that.

4.Tim was excited because it was his first time to travel abroad. His parents were not so worried because the travel agency would take good care of their don.

5.Jane feels a little worried. She wants to drive her car to visit Tibet. She taked a map, a GPS and a laptop. She thinks they are all useful things.   A．Some students want to travel with their parents. But some would like to travel with their friends. Different pareners can bring you different enjoyment.

B．If you want to go on a trip, you need to get ready for your trip before you go. You must pack. When you pack, the less you take, the more freedom you’ll enjoy.

C．If you want a relaxing trip, if you don’t know more about the places you will visit, if you know nothing about the hotel, you’d better find a travel agency. The guide can help you solve all the problems.

D．When you go for a trip, you need to prepare some comfortable clothes or shoes. Of course, sneakers and sports shoes are popular.leather shoes are not your good choice.

E.In winter, Sanya is the best place for travelling. In summer, Kunming is the best place for traveling. In different seasons, people may want to visit different places.

F.When you go on a trip. It is necessary to take a map. Nowadays, some young people usually take their laptopso that they can easily find the information they need.

G.There are sevel different transportation means. If you want to save time for a long travel, airplanes may be your first choice.