题目列表(包括答案和解析)
阅读理解
Language learning begins from listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they need before they start speaking, and children who start speaking late are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word “obey” can hardly describe the cooperation shown by the children. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gestures and by making noises.
It is agreed that babies enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or tow special noises are used by them to show their happiness, pains, friendliness, and so on. But since these can not be said to be a kind of communication, they can hardly be regarded as earlier forms of language. From about three months old they play with sounds for enjoyment, and by six months they are able to add new sounds to their store. This self－imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises that these imitations can be considered as speech.
It is a problem we need not get our teeth into. The meaning of the word depends on, what a special person means by it in special situation; and what a child means by a word will change as he gets more experience of the word.
Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself. I wonder, however, whether anything is gained when parents try to use this ability to teach new sounds.
1．Before children start speaking, ________.
[ ]
A．they need equal amounts of listening
B．they need different amounts of listening
C．they can all cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructions
D．they can't understand and obey the adults' spoken instructions
2．Children who start speaking late ________.
[ ]
A．may have problem with their hearing
B．probably dot not hear enough language spoken around them
C．usually pay close attention to what they hear
D．often take a long time in learning to listen properly
3．The problem that a baby's imitations can be considered as speech ________.
[ ]
A．is important because words have different meanings for different people
B．is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually
C．is one that can never be properly understood because the meaning of the word changes with age
D．is one that should be completely ignored because children's use of word is often meaningless
4．A baby's first noises are ________.
[ ]
A．a reflection of his moods and feelings
B．a early form of language
C．a sign that he means to tell you something
D．a imitation of the speech of adults
5．From the last paragraph we know that ________.
[ ]
A．parents are never hope to teach their children new sounds
B．children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak for themselves
C．children who are good at imitating learn new sounds more quickly
D．even after they have learnt to speak children still enjoy imitating
阅读理解
Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount(数量) of listening they need before they start speaking, and children who start speaking late are often long listeners. Most children will “obey”(服从) spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word “obey” can hardly describe the cooperation(合作) shown by the children. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gestures(手势) and by making noises.
It is agreed that babies enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two special noises are used by them to show their happiness, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these cannot be said to be a kind of communication, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. From about three months old they play with sounds for enjoyment, and by six months they are able to add new sounds to their store. This self-imitation(自我模仿) leads to deliberate(有意的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises is that can these imitations be considered as speech?
It is a problem we need not get our teeth into(全身心地做……). The meaning of a word depends on what a special person means by it in a special situation, and what a child means by a word will change as he gets more experience of the world.
Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself. I wonder, however, whether anything is gained when parents try to use this ability to teach new sounds.
1．Before children start speaking, ________.
[ ]
A．they need equal amounts of listening
B．they need different amounts of listening
C．they can all cooperate with the adults(成年人) by obeying spoken instructions
D．they can't understand and obey the adults' spoken instructions
2．Children who start speaking late ________.
[ ]
A．may have problems with their hearing
B．probably do not hear enough language spoken around them
C．usually pay close attention to what they hear
D．often take a long time in leaning to listen properly
3．The problem that a baby's imitations can be considered as speech ________.
[ ]
A．is important because words have different meanings for different people
B．is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually
C．is one that can never be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age
D．is one that should be completely ignored because children's use of words is often meaningless
4．Baby's first noises are ________.
[ ]
A．a reflection(映射) of his moods(情绪) and feelings
B．an early form of language
C．a sign that he means to tell you something
D．an imitation of the speech of adults
5．From the last paragraph we know that ________.
[ ]
A．parents can never hope to teach their children new sounds
B．children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak for themselves
C．children who are good at imitating learn new sounds more quickly
D．even after they have learnt to speak children still enjoy imitating
Our boat floated on between walls of forest. It was too thick to allow us a view of the land we were passing through, though we knew from the map that our river must from time to time be passing through chains of hills which crossed the jungle plains. Nowhere did we find a place where we could have landed: where the jungle did not actually spread right down into the river, banks of soft mud prevented us form going ashore. In any case, what would we have gained by landing? The country was full of snakes and other dangerous creatures an
d the jungle was so thick that one would be able to advance slowly, cutting one’s way with knives the whole way. So we stayed in the boat, hoping that when we reached the sea, a friendly fisherman would pick us up and take us to civilization.
As for water, there was a choice. We could drink the muddy river water, o
r die of thirst. We drank the water. Men who have just escaped from what appeared to be certain death lost all worries about such small things as diseases caused by dirty water. In fact, none of us suffered from any illness as a result.
One day we passed another village, but fortunately nobody saw us. We did not wish to risk being taken prisoners a second time: we might not be so lucky as to escape in a stolen boat again.
【小题1】 It can be inferred from the passage that the only thing they could see in a boat was _______.
| A．walls | B．chains of hills | C．tall trees | D．vast land |
A．the country wa s a civilized society | B．the country was a tropical jungle country |
| C．they found a place where they could land | D．they were on a journey home |
| A．They were arrested. | B．They manage d to escape to safety. | C．They were saved by some villagers | D．The passage doesn’t mention it. |
| A．The Problem of Landing | B．An Adventure |
| C．An Entirely New Experience | D．Escape |
What do those countries have in common? People are killing each other or drive others out of their homes. Why is this happening? Very simple, in each of these, one group of people believes another group is different from them and dangerous to them. It has been thus through history. How different are humans from each other?
We come in different colors: red, black, white, yellow and brown; we have a variety of political systems, social systems, religious views or none at all; We are different in mind, have different educational systems, different economic classes. We speak different languages, and have different customs and dresses.
If we were to break each of these further, we would have quite a long list of qualities and characteristics that make humans appears to be different from each other. I say they appear to be different, because most of what have been listed stand for what we see or hear, not what is true of human. Man is man everywhere. It is only where he lives, when he lives there, with whom he lives there, and al the others that have effect on how he lives, that is, what he believes, what he wears, his customs, his language and so on. These are man-made facts that each group develops over tome, living together, facing the same problems, needing and desiring the same things. They are his culture. The truth is that we are much more same than different. If you wear one type of clothing and I wear another, we both wear some kind of clothing. Our culture demands it. If you speak one language and I another, we both speak so that others will understand us; we must communicate with each other. Nothing is gained by giving too many differences, but much is lost. If we understood our differences as the ones of culture, then we could make our world more peaceful.
Differences does not mean better or worse, right or wrong. It means only that differences have been made by society. Differences produce variety of thoughts, work out human problems peacefully.
【小题1】 Which of the following is the best tile for this passage?
| A．Differences. | B．Humans | C．Cultures. | D．Customs. |
| A．They have different colors. |
| B．They have different customs and dresses. |
| C．They have different education systems. |
| D．They think that others are different and harmful. |
| A．we will get something. |
| B．we will produce problem. |
| C．we will develop further. |
| D．Nothing will be lost. |
| A．Our world would be more peaceful if we understand and communicate with each other. |
| B．People don’t know how differences are caused. |
| C．It is only differences that can solve man’s problems. |
| D．Man is man everywhere but not woman. |
Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands.’’ Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse.’’ He is said to be “undersized.’’ With “short legs’’ and a “round stomach”. The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description--it seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts：other things that could be said of the man are not said. We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman. Tolstoy’s Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his nose—and that is the point.
It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character. And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man. In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812,Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇), who has come with peace terms. Napoleon is very angry：doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms. He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped. “That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war!” he shouts. And then, Tolstoy writes, Napoleon “walked silently several times up and down the room, his fat shoulders moving quickly.’’
Still later, after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner. “He raised his hand to the Russian’s…face,” Tolstoy writes, and “taking him by the ear pulled it gently….” To have one’s ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court. “Well, well, why don’t you say anything?’’ said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon.
Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own.
Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon in War and Peace is _________.
A. far from the historical facts
B. based on the Russian history
C. based on his selection of facts
D. not related to historical details
Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because _________.
A. he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms
B. the Tsar's peace terms were hard to accept
C. the Russians stopped his military movement
D. he didn’t have any more army to fight with
What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do?
A. To walk out of the room in anger.
B. To show agreement with him.
C. To say something about the Tsar.
D. To express his admiration.
Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is _________.
A. ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests
B. fond of showing off his iron will
C. determined in destroying all of Europe
D. crazy for power and respect
What does the last sentence of the passage imply?
A. A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings.
B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way.
C. A writer may not be responsible for what he writes.
D. A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.
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