阅读理解

阅读下列文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。

Decision-thinking is not unlike poker —it often matters not only what you think. but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think, The mental process (过程) is similar. Naturally, this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are, by any standards. good thinkers.

    The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory. In particular, he showed that all games fall into two classes: there are what he called games of perfect information, games like chess where the players can't hide anything or play tricks: they don't win by chance, but by means of logic and skills. Then there are games of imperfect information, like poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.

    One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse. Business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknown able factors (因素), which would even puzzle (困惑) best pokers players. But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance, and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess, not poker.

1．The subject discussed in this text is ________.

    A. the process of reaching decisions

    B. the difference between poker and chess

    C. the secret of making good business plans

    D. the value of information in winning games

2．An important factor in a game of imperfect information is ________.

    A. rules

    B. luck

    C. time

    D. ideas

3．Which of the following can be used in place of “Quite the reverse”?

    A. Quite right.

    B. True enough.

    C. Most unlikely.

    D. Just the opposite.

4．In the writer's opinion, when making business decisions one should ________.

    A. put perfect information before imperfect information

    B. accept the existence of unknown factors

    C. regard business as a game of chess

D. mix known and unknown factor

 

阅读理解

阅读下列文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。

Decision-thinking is not unlike poker —it often matters not only what you think. but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think, The mental process (过程) is similar. Naturally, this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are, by any standards. good thinkers.

    The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory. In particular, he showed that all games fall into two classes: there are what he called games of perfect information, games like chess where the players can't hide anything or play tricks: they don't win by chance, but by means of logic and skills. Then there are games of imperfect information, like poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.

    One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse. Business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknown able factors (因素), which would even puzzle (困惑) best pokers players. But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance, and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess, not poker.

1．The subject discussed in this text is ________.

    A. the process of reaching decisions

    B. the difference between poker and chess

    C. the secret of making good business plans

    D. the value of information in winning games

2．An important factor in a game of imperfect information is ________.

    A. rules

    B. luck

    C. time

    D. ideas

3．Which of the following can be used in place of “Quite the reverse”?

    A. Quite right.

    B. True enough.

    C. Most unlikely.

    D. Just the opposite.

4．In the writer's opinion, when making business decisions one should ________.

    A. put perfect information before imperfect information

    B. accept the existence of unknown factors

    C. regard business as a game of chess

D. mix known and unknown factor

 

Among the four skills in learning English ,which of these is the “Odd-Man-Out”?The answer is speaking. The other three you can do alone on your own. But you can't really speak alone! Speaking to yourself can be “dangerous” because men in white coats may come and take you away!

Where can you find people to speak English? And how can you practise speaking when you are alone?

At school if you pay to go to a language school ,you should use the chance to speak .If your teacher asks you to speak in pairs or groups with other students ,try to say as much as possible. Don't worry about your mistakes. Just speak!

Conversation Clubs　Many cities around the world have conversation clubs where people can exchange one language for another .Look in your local newspaper to find a conversation club near you .They are usually free although some may charge a small entrance fee.

Shopping　Even if you don't want to buy anything ,you can ask questions about products that interest you in a shop.“How much does this cost?” “Can I pay by cheque?” Often you can start a real conversation—and it costs you nothing!

Cafe and Bars　There are often American, Britain, Irish and Australian bars in many large cities .If you can find one, you'll probably meet many people speaking English as a first or second language.

Language is all around you　Everywhere you go, you find language .Shop names, street names ,advertisements ,notices ,and car numbers....When you walk down the street ,practise reading the words and numbers that you see .Say them to yourself .It's not exactly a conversation ,but it will help you to “think” in English .But don't speak too loud!

Songs and Video　Repeat the words of an English-language song singing with the music until it becomes automatic. It's good practice for your memory and for the mouth muscles that you need for English.

Above all ,speak as much as possible! Make as many mistakes as possible! When you know that you have made a mistake, you know that you have made progress!

1.What does “Odd-Man-Out” probably mean according to the passage?

A.Someone or something appearing different from others.

B.Someone or something standing out of the group.

C.Someone or something arranged in pairs.

D.Someone or something easily mistaken for another.

2.What might happen if you speak to yourself loudly in public?

A.The police will take you away and punish you.

B.The doctors will force you to stay in hospital.

C.You will have to pay to escape being punished.

D.You will be forbidden to be member of the club.

3.Why does the writer say “Make as many mistakes as possible”?Because _______.

A.everyone will make mistakes in learning English

B.everyone will meet people speaking English with some mistakes

C.making mistakes is a must in making progress in learning English

D.making mistakes can make one realize the importance of speaking

4.According to the passage,which way is not likely to be accepted by English beginners?

A.Recite poems loudly along the riverside.

B.Listen to some English pop songs and video.

C.Find an Englishman to speak English with.

D.Take to the TV showing programmes at home.

.

Among the four skills in learning English, which of these is the “Odd-Man-Out”? The answer is speaking. The other three you can do alone on your own. But you can't really speak alone! Speaking to yourself can be “dangerous” because men in white coats may come and take you away !

Where can you find people to speak English? And how can you practise speaking when you are alone? At school if you pay to go to a language school, you should use the chance to speak .If your teacher asks you to speak in pairs or groups with other students, try to say as much as possible. Don't worry about your mistakes. Just speak!?

Conversation Clubs　Many cities around the world have conversation clubs where people can exchange one language for another . Look in your local newspaper to find a conversation club near you .They are usually free although some may charge a small entrance fee.?

Shopping　Even if you don't want to buy anything ,you can ask questions about products that interest you in a shop. “How much does this cost?” “Can I pay by cheque?” Often you can start a real conversation—and it costs you nothing!?

Cafe and Bars　There are often American, Britain, Irish and Australian bars in many large cities .If you can find one, you'll probably meet many people speaking English as a first or second language.?

Language is all around you　Everywhere you go, you find language .Shop names, street names ,advertisements ,notices ,and car numbers....When you walk down the street , practice reading the words and numbers that you see .Say them to yourself .It's not exactly a conversation ,but it will help you to “think” in English .But don't speak too loud!?

Songs and Video　Repeat the words of an English-language song singing with the music until it becomes automatic. It's good practice for your memory and for the mouth muscles that you need for English.?

Above all, speak as much as possible! Make as many mistakes as possible! When you know that you have made a mistake, you know that you have made progress!?

57．What does “Odd-Man-Out” probably mean according to the passage??

A. Someone or something appearing different from others.?

B. Someone or something standing out of the group.?

C. Someone or something arranged in pairs.?

D. Someone or something easily mistaken for another.?

58．What might happen if you speak to yourself loudly in public??

A. The police will take you away and punish you.?

B. The doctors will force you to stay in hospital.?

C. You will have to pay to escape being punished.?

D. You will be forbidden to be member of the club.?

59．Why does the writer say “Make as many mistakes as possible”? Because _______.

A. everyone will make mistakes in learning English?

B. everyone will meet people speaking English with some mistakes?

C. making mistakes is a must in making progress in learning English?

D. making mistakes can make one realize the importance of speaking?

60．According to the passage, which way is not likely to be accepted by English beginners?

A .Recite poems loudly along the riverside.?

B. Listen to some English pop songs and video.?

C. Find an Englishman to speak English with.?

D. Take to the TV showing programmes at home.??