Question

11．Scientists study the natural world by using"scientific method"．When a scientist observes some phenomenon in nature，he develops an idea，called a theory or hypothesis （假设），about what is happening．Then he does an experiment to test his theory．If the results are as expected，then the experiment proves the hypothesis which makes it more likely that the theory is correct．If the experiment fails and the results are not as expected，then the scientist must come up with a new theory that he can test．
   In ancient times great thinkers came up with complicated theories to explain nature，but they did not always prove them by experiment．For example，the great Greek thinker Aristotle，had a theory that heavy objects would fall faster than light objects．People believed this until the scientist Galileo performed an experiment and found it was wrong．
    Here's an experiment that you can use to prove or disprove a common-sense theory：
    Step 1：Get an empty bottle with a small neck．A diameter （直径） of 1/2 inch should be ideal．
    Step 2：Cut a sheet of paper to a square 5 inches on each si de．
    Step 3：Crumple （压皱） the paper into a tight wad （块状物）．
    Step 4：Lay the bottle on its side and place the paper so it lies loosely in the neck of the bottle．
    Construct a theory about what will happen if you put your mouth about a half inch from the neck of the bottle and blow hard towards it．A common-sense theory might be that the wad would be blown into the bottle by the force of the breath．Now do your experiment to see what really happens．
    If your theory was that the wad would be blown by the force of the air into the bottle，the experiment gave you unexpected results．In most cases the wad is blown out of the neck of the bottle in the opposite direction．A new theory might be that the air being blown into the bottle creates a whirlwind （旋风） of air currents （气流） in the closed space which push the wad out．
29．The writer mentions Aristotle's theory to showD．
A．he was a greater thinker in ancient times
B．he was less successful than Galileo
C．objects of different weights fall at the same speed
D．experiments are necessary to support theories
30．According to the passage，what is not required in the four-step experiment？A
A．A pair of scissors．
B．A piece of paper．
C．A bottle．
D．A strong breath．
31．What's the best title for the passage？D
A．Come to Nature with Scientists          
B．Make up a New Theory
C．Experiment with Breath in a Bottle      
D．Watch Out for Common Sense．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一片说明文；这篇短文主要讲述了如何使用科学的方法做实验．

解答 29．D 推理判断题．根据文章第一段前两句"Scientists study the natural world by using"scientific method"．When a scientist observes some phenomenon in nature，he develops an idea，called a theory or hypothesis （假设is ha．"当一个科学家研究自然世界通过使用"科学方法"观察一些现象，他发展一个想法，称为理论或假说．故选D．
30．A细节理解题．根据文章第二段的四个步骤"Step 1：Get an empty bottle with a small neck．A diameter （直径） of 1/2 inch should be ideal．步骤1：用一个小的颈部的一个空瓶子，直径（直径）1/2英寸应该是理想的．Step 2：Cut a sheet of paper to a square 5 inches on each si de．把一张纸剪成正方形，每英寸5英寸．Step 3：Crumple （压皱） the paper into a tight wad （块状物）．步骤3：起皱（压皱）纸成紧（块状物）．Step 4：Lay the bottle on its side and place the paper so it lies loosely in the neck of the bottle．"步骤4：把瓶子放在旁边，把纸放在瓶子的颈部．可知不需要剪刀，故选A．
31．D 主旨题．根据文章可知，这篇短文主要讲述了如何使用科学的方法做实验．注意常识符合题意．故选D．

点评 做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．