It takes years of school to develop math skills, but learning about numbers starts earlier than you might think. Now according to a new study, at three months, babies have already started acquiring a concept (概念) of “how much”.
Previous research had suggested that very young babies can tell when the number of objects (物体) in a group has changed. But the babies in these studies were simply reacting generally to the fact that something had changed, they suspected.
Researchers of Harvard University studied 36 babies, all three months old. During the tests, each baby wore a hat with sensors (传感器). The babies watched a series of images on a computer screen. They showed the same object, such as a cartoon character. For a while, the number of the objects in the pictures didn’t change. Then the images began to display a different object, or a different number of one of the objects the babies had previously looked at. As soon as something changed, the babies’ brains responded with a specific pattern of electrical signals, which would be recorded by sensors.
By analyzing these signals, the researchers discovered that one part of the brain (near the top on the left side) responded when the object in the image changed. A different part of the brain (lower and on the right side) responded when the number of objects in the image changed. This was not the area of the brain that is involved in attention. That suggests that the babies’ brains are doing more than just reacting to a change in what they’re seeing – they actually seem to be able to tell number changes from other types of changes.
Numbers and amounts are important concepts in our lives. Even though babies are years away from adding, subtracting (减), multiplying, and dividing, their brains seem to be preparing for a time when they finally will.
【小题1】Why were hats with sensors used in the study?
| A．To record the images on the computer screen. |
| B．To remind babies of the changes of numbers. |
| C．To record the electrical activity of each baby’s brain. |
| D．To help babies concentrate on the computer screen. |
| A．Babies involved in the study. |
| B．Sensors worn by the babies. |
| C．Numbers marked on the objects. |
| D．Images shown on the computer screen. |
| A．The top. |
| B．The left side. |
| C．The lower and the right side. |
| D．The upper and the left side. |
| A．babies are in fact cleverer than they are thought |
| B．it is impossible to understand human brain completely |
| C．numbers play the most important part in people’s lives |
| D．the ability of babies remain a mystery to scientists |
| A．math skills should be developed as early as possible |
| B．numbers are easier for babies to judge than images |
| C．babies really do have some sense of numbers |
| D．babies can react differently to what they see |
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Directions; Complete the following passage by using the words in the box．Each word can only be used once．Note that there is one word more than you need．
A．survey B．off C．better D．care E．conducted
F．differed． G．personal H．prepared I．contrast J．differences,
GAN Xiaolin, 18, only gets half a day ____ school every week since the Hubei student started senior high school．Every day, he takes core （核心的） courses from 7:10 am to 10:30 pm．
Sometimes, Gan feels extremely stressed from the heavy workload．But he hopes that his three
years of hard work toward the college entrance examination will change his life for the __．
Gan is a typical Chinese student, as shown m a recently released survey．The new survey, which was ____ by the China Youth and Children Research Center and other foreign institutions, polled（调整） about 4,000 high school and vocational school students in China, Japan, the United States and South Korea．
The five biggest frustrations listed by all the young people were: an over-busy school life, an empty___ life, dissatisfaction with their appearance, a lack of time for exercise and friends, and no spare money．
Although some of the teenage problems were y-niversai, there were big _ __ between the students when it came to the time they spent on sehoolwork．
For example, Chinese students spent the most time at school and on homework．Nearly 80 percent of them spent at least eight hours a week in school, and 56．7 percent spent two or more hours on their homework．By_, only about 25 percent of US students, 20,5 percent of Japanese students, and 15 percent of Korean students had more than two hours of homework each night．
The responses from the Chinese students also __ significantly from their peers （同龄人）
in the other three countries when asked about their life goals．
Only 16．7 percent of Chinese students said that they didn't ___ much about their future, while the figure for that category was 72．4 percent for US students, 59．1 percent for the Japanese and 58．2 percent for the South Koreans．The _ found that Chinese students were more motivated than the other students to work hard for a better life．
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科目：高中英语 来源：2010-2011辽宁沈阳二中高二6月月考英语试卷 题型：完型填空
In order to separate loving parents from their freshman sons, Morehouse College in Atlant
a has held a/an __36___"Parting Ceremony."
When University of Minnesota freshmen __37___ at the end of this month, parental separation will be a little trickier: mothers and fathers will be ___38__ to a reception elsewhere ___39__ students can meet their roommates and talk about dorm room space -- __40__ adult breaking in.
In the latest wave in which superinvolved parents __41___ their children to college, universities are __42__ activities ___43__ to speed the separation. In the age of MSN and twice-daily texts home, ___44__ colleges are urging "sticky parents" to leave sooner so students can __45__ independence.
Grinnell College here, like others, has found it __46__ to make it clear when parents __47__ say goodbye. After computer printers and bags had been carried to dorm rooms, everyone gathered in the gymnasium, students on one side, __48__ on the other.
Shortly __49__, mothers and fathers were urged to leave campus.
Moving their students in usually takes a few hours. Moving on? Most deans can tell __50__ of parents who hang around campus for days. At Colgate Univ
ersity in Hamilton, N.Y. "We recognize it's a __51__ day for families," Beverly Low, t
he dean (院长) of first-year students said. Still, during various parent meetings on Colgate's move-in day, Ms. Low and other officials __52__ tell the parents __53__ that "activities for the class of freshmen begin at 4 on time, so parents should leave before 4." she said.
Formal departure ceremonies are unusual __54__ growing in popularity, said Joyce Holl, head of the National Orientation Directors Association. A more common method is for colleges to limit the hour for last hugs.__55___, the parents of Princeton freshmen learn from the move-in schedule, "the rest events a
re intended for students only."
【小题1】A formal B informal C casual D grand
【小题2】A move out B move in C move around D graduat
e
【小题3】A sent B driven C invited D called on
【小题4】A so B but C still D yet
【小题5】A with B as C where D without
【小题6】A rescue B deliver C travel D release
【小题7】A running out B taking out C carrying out D picking out
【小题8】A wanted B meant C devoted D prepared
【小题9】A in which B which C how D where
【小题10】A form B create C increase D develop
【小题11】A necessary B unimportant C useless D difficult
【小题12】A will B need C must D would
【小题13】A teachers B police C professors D parents
【小题14】A before B after C later D passed
【小题15】A news B comments C stories D shadows
【小题16】A little B huge C long D large
【小题17】A plan to B take to C ask to D carry to
【小题18】A rudely B directly C conveniently D hardly
【小题19】A and B but C however D so
【小题20】A For the time being B For a long time C For example D For a change
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Colleges are starting to wake up to how sleep deprivation（剥夺） cuts into the academic and athletic performance of their students. All-nighters have become a habit in higher education, but a handful of small new studies help document the consequences.
A study at St. Lawrence University in Canton, N.Y., showed what may seem obvious to most of the all-nighters was not an effective way to succeed in school.
“You can’t do your best work when you’re sleep-deprived,” says psychology professor Pamela Thacher, who wrote the study. Thacher studied the sleeping patterns and grades of 111 students to see the relationship between sleep and their GPAs.
Two-thirds of the students reported that they had pulled at least one all-nighter during a semester. Many students believe that it’s a “rite of passage”（标志） to stay up all night during college and that “it’s kind of fun,” Thacher says.
But “if you use all-nighters, your GPA is slightly lower on average,” Thacher says.
Short-term side effects of sleep deprivation include delayed reactions and tendencies to make mistakes.
A Stanford University study may help persuade at least student athletes to make more time for bed. Cheri Mah, a graduate researcher at Stanford, worked with six basketball players, who all ran faster and made more shots over a period in which they slept at least 10 hours a night.
“Athletes who get an extra amount of sleep are more likely to improve their performance in a game,” says Mah, who released results from an ongoing study in June. “It’s not common knowledge, because if people understood how much of a difference getting more sleep could make athletically, they’d apply it more to their lives and not focus solely on nutrition and exercise. ”
1．According to the study at St. Lawrence University, ___________.
A．one can reach his potential by staying up late
B．it takes one all night to recite a passage
C．the less one sleeps, the more effective his work is
D．all-nighters affect one’s academic performance
2. The underlined word “document” in the first paragraph probably means ______.
A．oppose B．prove C．check D．improve
3．According to Cheri Mah, _______.
A．athletes improve their performance only by means of nutrition and exercise
B．it is known to all that those who get extra sleep perform better
C．people don’t understand getting more sleep can make a difference
D．athletes should sleep as much as possible to run faster
4．What is this passage mainly concerned about?
A．A study on all-nighters at St. Lawrence University.
B．College students’ performance suffering from lack of sleep.
C．Short-term side effects of sleep deprivation.
D．A Stanford University study on athletes’ sleep.
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Colleges are starting to wake up to how sleep deprivation(剥夺) cuts into the academic and athletic performance of their students. All-nighters have become a habit in higher education, but a handful of small new studies help document the consequences.
A study at St. Lawrence University in Canton, N. Y., showed what may seem obvious to most: All-nighters are not an effective way to succeed in school
"You can't do your best work when you’re sleep-deprived," says psychology professor Pamela Thacher, who wrote the study. Thacher studied the sleeping patterns and grades of 111 students to see the relationship between sleep and their GPAs.
Two-thirds of the students reported that they had pulled at least one all-nighter during a semester. Many students believe that it's a "rite of passage" (标志) to stay up all night during college and that "ifs kind of fun," Thacher says.
But "if you use all-nighters, your GPA is slightly lower on average," Thacher says. "Pulling all-nighters gives in your (overall) sleep" and makes it difficult to reach full academic potential.
Short-term side effects of sleep deprivation include delayed reactions and tendencies to make mistakes.
A Stanford University study may help persuade at least student athletes to make more time for bed. Cheri Mah, a graduate researcher at Stanford, worked with six bas ketball players, who all ran faster and made more shots over a period in which they slept at least 10 hours a night.
"Athletes who get an extra amount of sleep are more likely to improve their performance in a game," says Mah, who released results from an ongoing study in June. "It's not common knowledge, because if people understood how much of a difference (getting more sleep) could make athletically," they'd apply it more to their lives and not focus solely on nutrition and exercise.
1. According to the study at St. Lawrence University,
A. one can reach his potential by staying up late
B. it takes one all night to recite a passage
C. the less one sleeps, the more effective his work is
D. all-nighters affect one's academic performance
2. The underlined word "document" in the first paragraph probably means_ _.
A. prove B. check C. oppose D. improve
3. Which of the following statements is true?
A. All-nighters are a short-cut to success in school
B. All-nighters can make one’s GPAs much higher.
C. Staying up late tends to react slowly and make mistakes.
D. The study may help persuade all students to sleep wall.
4. According to Cheri Mah, .
A. athletes improve their performance only by means of nutrition and exercise
B. it is known to all that those who get extra sleep perform better
C. people don't understand getting more sleep can make a difference
D. athletes should sleep as much as possible to run faster
5. What is this passage mainly concerned about?
A. A study on all-nighters at St. Lawrence University.
B. Collage students’ performance suffering from lack of sleep.
C Short-term side effects of sleep deprivation.
D. A Stanford University study on athletes’ sleep.
查看答案和解析>>
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Colleges are starting to wake up to how sleep deprivation(剥夺) cuts into the academic and athletic performance of their students. All-nighters have become a habit in higher education, but a handful of small new studies help document the consequences.
A study at St. Lawrence University in Canton, N.Y., showed what may seem obvious to most: All-nighters are not an effective way to succeed in school.
“You can’t do your best work when you’re sleep-deprived,” says psychology professor Pamela Thacher, who wrote the study. Thacher, studied the sleeping patterns and grades of 111 students to see the relationship between sleep and their GPAs.
Two-thirds of the students reported that they had pulled at least one all-nighter during a semester. Many students believe that it’s a “rite of passage”(标志) to stay up all night during college and that “it’s kind of fun,” Thacher says.
But “if you use all-nighters, your GPA is slightly lower on average,” Thacher says. “Pulling all-nighters gives in your (overall) sleep” and makes it difficult to reach full academic potential.
Short-term side effects of sleep deprivation include delayed reactions and tendencies to make mistakes.
A Stanford University study may help persuade at least student athletes to make more time for bed. Cheri Mah, a graduate researcher at Stanford, worked with six basketball players, who all ran faster and made more shots over a period in which they slept at least 10 hours a night.
“Athletes who get an extra amount of sleep are more likely to improve their performance in a game,” says Mah, who released results from an ongoing study in June. “It’s not common knowledge, because if people understood how much of a difference (getting more sleep could make athletically,” they’d apply it more to their lives and not focus solely on nutrition and exercise.
66．According to the study at St. Lawrence University, ___________.
A．one can reach his potential by staying up late
B．it takes one all night to recite a passage
C．the less one sleeps, the more effective his work is
D．all-nighters affect one’s academic performance
67．The underlined word “document” in the first paragraph probably means ___________.
A．prove B．check C．oppose D．improve
68．Which of the following statements is true?
A．All-nighters are a short-cut to success in school.
B．All-nighters can make one’s GPAs much higher.
C．Staying up late tends to react slowly and make mistakes.
D．The study may help persuade all students to sleep well.
69．According to Cheri Mah, _______.
A．athletes improve their performance only by means of nutrition and exercise
B．it is known to all that those who get extra sleep perform better
C．people don’t understand getting more sleep can make a difference
D．athletes should sleep as much as possible to run faster
70．What is this passage mainly concerned about?
A．A study on all-nighters at St. Lawrence University.
B．College students’ performance suffering from lack of sleep.
C．Short-term side effects of sleep deprivation.
D．A Stanford University study on athletes’ sleep
查看答案和解析>>
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