16£®Çë¸ù¾ÝÄã¶ÔÒÔÏÂÁ½·ùͼµÄÀí½â£¬ÒÔ"Being a civilized passenger on the bus"ΪÌ⣬ÓÃÓ¢Óïдһƪ×÷ÎÄ£®
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 come across £¨Óöµ½£©£»as is shown in the pictures above£¨ÈçÉÏͼËùʾ£©£» the awareness of £¨¡­µÄÒâʶ£©£» attach importance to£¨Ç¿µ÷¡­µÄÖØÒªÐÔ£©£»
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1£®As is shown in the pictures above£¬some passengers eat food with strong smell£¬such as steamed bun with meat stuffing£®¸Ã¾äÁé»îÔËÓø߼¶´Ê»ã¼°¶ÌÓïÃèÊö¹«½»³µÉϵIJ»ÎÄÃ÷ÏÖÏó£®
2£®They reveal an undesirable situation that some passengers lack the awareness of good public manners£®Áé»îÔËÓÃreveal£¬situation£¬the awareness of µÈ´Ê»ã¼°¶ÌÓ
3£®Also£¬we should avoid annoying behaviors on the bus£¬such as spitting£¬littering£¬swearing£¬grabbing seats and so on£®¸Ã¾äÁé»îÔËÓôʻ㼰¶ÌÓ
4£®Only when we behave decently can we become civilized passengers£®¸Ã¾äΪµ¹×°¾äÐÍ£®

½â´ð Being a civilized passenger on the bus
It is not uncommon to come across uncivilized behaviors on the bus£®As is shown in the pictures above£¬some passengers eat food with strong smell£¬such as steamed bun with meat stuffing£®£¨¸ß·Ö¾äÐÍ1£©Some speak loudly on the mobile phone as if there were nobody but himself on the bus£®£¨ÃèÊöͼƬÄÚÈÝ£©
Both of the above behaviors are socially unacceptable£®They reveal an undesirable situation that some passengers lack the awareness of good public manners£®£¨¸ß·Ö¾äÐÍ2£©Without realizing that they are sharing the communal public space£¬they show no respect for other bus riders£®The only thing they care about is their own interest and comfort£®£¨×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨£©
As middle school students£¬we should attach importance to good manners in public£®We should not jump the queue when waiting for the bus£®Also£¬we should avoid annoying behaviors on the bus£¬such as spitting£¬littering£¬swearing£¬grabbing seats and so on£®£¨¸ß·Ö¾äÐÍ3£©Only when we behave decently can we become civilized passengers£®£¨¸ß·Ö¾äÐÍ4£©£¨ÈçºÎ×öÒ»ÃûÎÄÃ÷³Ë¿Í£©

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6£®Mark Twain was a great writer£®He was from the USA£®He was born in 1835£®He was also a famous speaker£®He was famous for his sense of humour£®Many people liked to listen to him talk because he liked to tell some interesting stories to make people laugh all the time£®
One day Mark Twain was going to a small town because of his writing£®Before he was going to leave£¬one of his friends said to him that there were always a lot of mosquitoes in the town and told him that he'd better not go there£®Mark Twain waved his hand and said£¬"It doesn't matter£®The mosquitoes are no relatives of mine£®I don't think they will come to visit me£®"
After he arrived at the town£¬Mark Twain stayed in a small hotel near the station£®He went into his room£¬but when he was just about to have a rest£¬quite a few mosquitoes flew about him£®The waiters felt very sorry about that£®"I'm very sorry£¬Mr£®Mark Twain£®There are too many mosquitoes in our town£®"One of them said to him£®
Mark Twain£¬however£¬made a joke£¬saying to the waiter£¬"The mosquitoes are very clever£®They know my room number£®They didn't come into the wrong room£®"What he said made all the people present laugh heartily£®
But that night Mark Twain slept well£®Do you know why£¿That was because all the waiters in the hotel were driving the mosquitoes away for him during the whole night£®
33£®Why did Mark Twain go to the town£¿D
A£®To make a speech£®
B£®To see one of his friends£®
C£®To see one of his relatives£®
D£®To do something for his writing£®
34£®Why did the waiters feel sorry£¿D
A£®Their hotel was too small£®
B£®The room was not very clean£®
C£®They did something wrong to Mark Twain£®
D£®There were quite a few mosquitoes in the room£®
35£®Which of the following is true according to the text£¿B
A£®Mark Twain didn't have a good rest that night£®
B£®No mosquitoes troubled Mark Twain in the night£®
C£®There were not mosquitoes in the hotel any longer£®
D£®The owner of the hotel looked after Mark Twain well at night£®

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4£®-Do you need any help£¬Lily£¿
-Yes£®The work is ____ I can do myself£®£¨¡¡¡¡£©
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11£®Ireland has had a very difficult history£®The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer£¨Õ÷·þ£© Ireland£®For hundreds of years£¬the Irish people fought against the English£®Finally£¬in 1921£®The British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland£®The result is that today there are two"Irelands"£®Northern Ireland£®In the north£¬is part of the United Kingdom£®The republic of Ireland£¬In the south£¬Is an independent country£®
In the 1840s the main crop£¬potatoes was affected by disease and about 750£¬000people died of hunger£®This£¬and a shortage £¨¶Ìȱ£© of work£¬forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA£¬the UK£¬Australia and Canada£®As a result of these problems£¬the population fell from 8.2million in 1841to 6.6million in 1851£®
For many years£¬the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers£®Today£¬many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices£®Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside£¬where things move at a quieter and slower pace£®
The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly£¬Oscar Wilde£¬a famous Irish writer£¬once said that the Irish were"the greatest talkers since the Greeks"£¬Since independence£¬Ireland has revived£¨¸´ÐË£© its own culture of music£¬language£¬literature and singing£®Different areas have different styles of old Irish song which are sung without instruments£®Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin£¬whistles£¬etc£®

63£®What does the author tell us in paragraph 1£¿D
A£®how the Irish fought against the English£®
B£®how Ireland gained independence£®
C£®how English rulers tried to conquer Ireland£®
D£®how two"Irelands"came into being£®
64£®We learn from the text that in IrelandA£®
A£®food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population
B£®people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside
C£®it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker
D£®different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments
65£®What can be the best title for the text£¿C
A£®life in Ireland             B£®A Very difficult history
C£®Ireland£¬past and present   D£®the independence of Ireland£®

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1£®"We see lots of adults being diagnosed as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder £¨ADHD£© £¨¶à¶¯Ö¢£© around age 38£¬"says Timothy Widens£¬MD£¬an professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School£®"That's right around the time people start doing more-tasks£¬juggling jobs£¬families£¬a home£¬and other personal duties£¬"he says£®
But not everyone who slacks on work or forgets appointments has ADHD£» there are plenty of other reasons you may be losing attentions£®Here are five things that could be sucking your attention span dry£®
1£®Technology overload
Your computer£¬cell phone£¬and iPod all compete for your attention-no wonder you're distracted£¨ÐÄ·³ÒâÂÒ£©!To a certain point£¬your brain can act as secretary£¬keeping you organized and helping with time management£®But the more tasks you try to do£¬the harder it is for you to stay focused on any single task£¬research shows£®Learning basic organizational skills£¬like writing down responsibilities and maintaining a day planner£¬can help reduce these problems£®So take a break from constant television£¬Internet£¬and email floods
2£®Lack of sleep
If you're missing out on enough shut-eye-most likely seven to eight hours a night-you're probably easy-angry£¬dealing with mind fog£¬and have difficulty addressing daily tasks£®That's a normal reaction£¬says Dr£®Widens£®
3£®Poor job satisfaction
Sure£¬everyone's unhappy at work from time to time-maybe your customer presentation failed or your boss gave you a poor performance review£®And if a disorganized working environment or a boring project make it difficult to focus£¬that's completely normal£®But if you find that you often can't complete projects£¬you probably need medical attention£¬or a new job£®
4£®Too much stress
Stress takes side affects on concentration£®Researchers at the University of Madison found that the relaxation technique can add to your ability to focus on your mind£®Another study£¬from researchers at UCLA£¬suggests that in adults with ADHD£¬meditation improves attention and eases symptoms of anxiety and depression£®
5£®Too little exercise
Mounting evidence suggests that regular exercise can keep your mind sharp and increase learning and memory ability£®It's even more important in adults with ADHD£®"My patients who exercise all report that they see improvement in attention£¬"says Dr£®Widens£®Working up a sweat can also help you burn off the extra energy that causes you to feel uncomfortable£¬and it can help you sleep better at night£®
Hopefully after you understand these helpful methods£¬you become more attentive on what you are doing£®
Reasons that You Lose £¨71£©Attentions
Passage outlineSupporting details
The £¨72£©purpose/aimof the passageTo tell us we can improve our concentration by following the five things£®
Technology overloadYour computer£¬cell phone£¬and iPod all compete for your attention-no wonder you're distracted!So £¨73£©tear/keep/stayyourself away from constant television£¬Internet£¬and email inundation-just for a break£®
Lack of sleepIf you're missing out on enough shut-eye£¬you are £¨74£©likely   to be easy-angry£¬dealing with mind fog£¬and have difficulty solving daily tasks£®
Poor job £¨75£©satisfactionEveryone's unhappy at work from time to time£®When £¨76£©working
in a disorganized environment or on a boring project£¬you find it difficult for you to complete projects£®
Too much stressStress takes side effects on concentration£®Relaxing yourself can £¨77£©increase your ability to focus on your mind£®
Too little exerciseMounting evidence suggests that regular exercise can keep your mind sharp and increase learning and memory£¨78£©ability£®
£¨79£©ConclusionAfter £¨80£©understanding/knowing/learningthese helpful methods£¬you are wished to be more attentive on what you are doing£®

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8£®Whether you've been in college or you're looking forward to going to university in the future£¬you and your family likely spend some time worrying about the cost of your college education£®£¨36£©F However£¬that will pay off for years to come£®Earning scholarships is a great way to help you£®The Financial Aid Office at Illinois State helps students identify scholarship opportunities every day£®Here is some advice to help you£®
•£¨37£©E
Have you asked your high school or community college financial aid office about scholarships at your school£¿Many schools have a list of several scholarships right there£®£¨38£©D Check with community organizations£¬banks and credit unions£¬and large employers who may offer scholarship opportunities in your area£®
•Find your"hook"
£¨39£©A£®Your unique characteristics can help your scholarship applications stand out£®Pay special attention to awards that mention your best qualities£¬whether that's academic achievements£¬leadership£¬community service£¬or something less common£®Think about why a donor wants to assist you in paying for your education£®Most scholarship providers want to encourage a particular behavior£®Companies may want to attract future employees£®
•Develop a routine
Every scholarship is different in terms of when you can apply£¬what you need to turn in£¬when the winner is announced£¬and how the money is given to you£®£¨40£©B There isn't a single application or search engine that allows you to find and apply for everything£®Visit the website for the Office of Student Financial Aid for lists of scholarship opportunities£®Go through the lists to find the ones that match you best and keep track of when you can apply for them£®

A£®While you're searching£¬consider what makes you special as a student£®
B£®Typically£¬scholarship applications open in the late fall or early spring for the next school year's awards£¬but that also varies depending on the donors£®
C£®There is no doubt that college education is a necessary step to get yourselves prepared for the future£®
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F£®It's no secret that college is one of the biggest investments£®
G£®Believe in yourselves£®

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6£®My history teacher Mrs£®Sherman in my 11th grade is a great influence on me£®She was the person who helped me develop an interest in  £¨41£©A£®Most importantly£¬she had faith in me£¬forcing me to  £¨42£©C  myself and helped me become the first in my family to attend a four-year-college£®
To £¨43£©Bher£¬I say at the beginning of one of my books that it has been written for her£®I hadn't £¨44£©C her in nearly a decade£¬but I knew£ºShe changed my  £¨45£©B----I owed her forever£®When she got word of what I had done£¬Mrs Sherman reached out to me£®I was £¨46£©Djust to receive her email£®Mrs£®Sherman was a giant in my life£®To see a £¨47£©B  from her-----I feel like I was 17again£®
After a few emails back and forth£¬Mrs£®Sherman told me a secret£ºshe was£¨48£©D£¬and she needed a new kidney£¨Éö£©£®£¨49£©A£¬I got in touch with Sheryl Sandberg£¬who was also one of Mrs£®Sherman's  £¨50£©C and who is the COO£¨Chief Operating Officer£© of Facebook and we started to search for potential donors£®
One of my readers was thought to be a  £¨51£©BSo£¬naturally£¬we started getting £¨52£©D£®Then£¬a twist of fate £¨ÃüÔË£©£ºBeth£¬the potential donor£¬was discovered to have a cancerous tumor£¨Ö×Áö£© on her own kidney£®We were £¨53£©Bto learn this£®
Beth would need an operation£¬but she could be £¨54£©A£®She kept thanking me over and over for   £¨55£©Cher life£®But we all know the  £¨56£©D£®Beth saved her own life----by being so £¨57£©C  and volunteering to save the life of a£¨58£©A£®
Though we're still looking for a donor match for Mrs£®Sherman£¬we believe we will find one eventually  £¨59£©A there are so many people out there who are£¨60£©D to do something good in this world£®
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