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    People celebrate birthdays in almost every country on earth. And they celebrate them in many different ways.
    In China and in Japan, for example, the arrival of New Year is more important than a person¡¯s birthday. So everyone adds a year to celebrate their ages on New Year¡¯s Day, instead of on their birthdays,
    In Brazil, the special birthday food isn¡¯t cake, but special candles. In China, it¡¯s long noodles¡ªfor long life. In Iceland, people have pancakes with candies rolled inside them on birthdays.
    In Britain, a birthday is an all-day celebration. At school, the birthday child is lifted up and ¡°bumped¡± by his classmates. This means the child is lifted by the feet and arms and bumped to the ground, once for each year once for good growth. In Israel, the same custom is followed, except the birthday person is lifted and lowered while sitting in a chair.
    In Holland, children not only get presents, but also give things out. They give cakes, cookies and candles to their classmates and teachers on their birthdays.
    In Mexico, it¡¯s good luck to give birthday greetings as early in the day as possible. So it¡¯s usual for the birthday child to be woken up at midnight by fiends singing birthday songs.
    In India, birthday celebrations also begin before dawn. Prayers and blessings must be said before morning comes.
    In Thailand, two tall candles are lighted the night before the birthday. One is as tall as the birthday person. If it goes out early, it¡¯s bad luck. Another customs of Thailand is that they buy live fish and birds for the birthday person and then the birthday person frees the animals, and it brings good luck.
    In Nigeria, people in a certain age group celebrate their birthdays together, on a certain day.
    In many countries birthday customs are changing. Old customs are giving way to western style of birthdays, with candle topped cakes. But one thing never changes¡ªbirthdays are special days for everyone!
    СÌâ1:It¡¯s a custom to lift and lower the birthday person in a chair in _____.
    A£®BritainB£®Israel
    C£®Britain and IsraelD£®Israel and Thailand
    СÌâ2:According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
    A£®In Thailand people give fish and birds to the birthday person as presents.
    B£®In Holland people give presents to unbirthday persons on their birthdays.
    C£®In Nigeria people who were born in the same period may celebrate their birthdays on the same day.
    D£®In Thailand a candle will be lighted on the birthday night.
    СÌâ3:What does the text mainly talk about?
    A£®Different countries have different birthdays.
    B£®Celebrating birthdays is exciting.
    C£®Different ways of celebrating the birthday in different countries.
    D£®Everyone likes celebrating his or her birthday.

    СÌâ1:B
    СÌâ2:B
    СÌâ3:C
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    СÌâ2:ϸ½ÚÌâ¡£¸ù¾ÝµÚÎå¶ÎIn Holland, children not only get presents, but also give things out.
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    ¿ÆÄ¿£º¸ßÖÐÓ¢Óï À´Ô´£º²»Ïê ÌâÐÍ£ºÔĶÁÀí½â

    LONDON: What could possibly be wrong with planting trees? The advantages are obvious; they  firm the soil, soak up (ÉãÈ¡) extra water and take carbon dioxide (¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼) out of the atmosphere.
    However, it now turns out that planting trees could add to global warming.
    Tree roots do a great job of keeping soil firmly on the ground and out of the wind¡¯s power. The problem is that some of those dust clouds play an important part in soaking up carbon dioxide.
    Huge dust storms blow out over the oceans from dry parts of North Africa and central Asia. Tons of dust are lifted and left as a thin film over the ocean surface. The dust fuels oceanic life.
    Dust from China is carried east and left in the Pacific Ocean. If a tree-planting programme there is successful and the dust supply reduced, the net result may be that less carbon dioxide gets locked away in the ocean.
    Andy Ridgwell, an environmental scientist from the University of East Anglia, has spent the past few years studying dust and says his work ¡°shows clearly the complexity of the system and the importance of not tinkering(´ÖÁÓµØÐÞ²¹) with it without understanding the results. For this reason there is the need to focus(¼¯ÖÐ) on cutting carbon dioxide giving off rather than monkeying (ϹŪ) about with the land surface.¡±
    An American scientist, Robert Jackson, has shown that when native grassland areas are invaded(ÇÖÈë) by trees, carbon is lost from the soil. ¡°We are studying why the soil carbon disappears, but one theory is that trees do a lot more of their growing above ground compared to grasses, so less carbon goes directly into the soil from trees, ¡± says Jackson.
    In wet areas of the world, the gain from trees absorbing carbon dioxide above ground seems to be outweighed(³¬¹ý) by the loss of carbon from the soil below ground. Countries that plan to combat global warming by planting trees may have to think again. Solutions(½â¾ö°ì·¨) to environmental problems are often more complex than they first appear, and understanding the Earth¡¯s climate is a very great challenge.
    СÌâ1:People usually hold the opinion that    
    A£®huge dust storms can destroy carbon dioxide
    B£®huge dust storms can destroy the oceans on the earth
    C£®huge dust storms can¡¯t do anything beneficial for man
    D£®planting trees is the only way to control huge dust storms
    СÌâ2:Andy Ridgwell, the environmental scientist, believes that      
    A£®dust plays a more important part than trees
    B£®trees shouldn¡¯t have been planted in dry places
    C£®carbon dioxide is harmful to everything on the earth
    D£®environmental problems are more complex than expected
    СÌâ3:Robert Jackson¡¯s experiment proves that       
    A£®grassland areas should be covered by forests
    B£®trees hold more carbon than grass
    C£®carbon can turn grass into dust
    D£®less carbon can make trees grow faster
    СÌâ4:The underlined word ¡°combat¡± in the last paragraph means     
    A£®learn aboutB£®fight againstC£®live withD£®give up

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    ¿ÆÄ¿£º¸ßÖÐÓ¢Óï À´Ô´£º²»Ïê ÌâÐÍ£ºÔĶÁÀí½â

    When foreigners come to Chengdu, a good alternative is to get around by taking the bus. Once getting used to going by bus, you will discover that it is actually not that bad.
    Although a ride usually covers two or twenty stops, a bus ride costs RMB 2 in Chengdu. It is important to carry enough small money with you, because it is not usual to get back changes. Even though it is cheap, you can pay less and save some trouble if you get a RMB 25 bus card at your local pharmacy, Hongqi Chain Store or bus station terminal office¡ªnote that personal identification is needed. Explain to the worker that you want to purchase a bus card.
    With this card, one bus drive costs only RMB 1 if you use a card based on frequency of your ride. If your card is based on the so called E-purse, you pay each time RMB 1.80 for the bus. If you require the use of subway, you can ask the cashier at the Hongqi Chain Store to activate the metro. After having your bus card, you can store money on your travel card. The fees for bus and metro have to be stored separately.
    It is important to keep in mind that the money on the card does not overlap. For example, you charge 40 bus rides on the card, but you only used 20 during the month, the rest 20 will be invalid at the beginning of the next month and you have to recharge the card. Therefore, it is important to calculate the exact numbers of bus rides you will have to take.
    After you have your own bus card, one swipe is only needed when you get on the bus at the front door. If you only manage to get on the bus at the back door, just ask the passengers to pass your card to the front and swipe it for you. With the bus card, you can transfer buses for fee if the travel time is within two hours.
    Furthermore, it is to stress that you should keep an eye on your belongings while being on the bus. Generally, Chengdu is a safe place but most of the thefts are occurring on buses, at train stations or crowded large area, like the shopping street Chunxi Road.
    Due to the fact that the place names are announced in Chinese, it is better to know the Chinese name of your destination. Even though there are announcements in English, they will sound like the following: ¡°The next stop is Jinjiang Binguan (Jinjiang Hotel)¡±
    СÌâ1:Which of the following statements is true when taking the bus in Chengdu?
    A£®It¡¯s always important to carry enough small money with you every day.
    B£®It only costs RMB 25 to get around in Chengdu by bus per month.
    C£®Personal identification is not essential when applying for a bus card for locals.
    D£®RMB 0.2 will be saved each time if you use E-purse rather than cash on the bus.
    СÌâ2:Why are the readers reminded to pay close attention to their personal possessions?
    A£®Because Chengdu is not a safe place.
    B£®Because some thieves like stealing things in crowded buses.
    C£®Because people can transfer buses for fee within two hours.
    D£®Because the bus card must be swiped at the front door.
    СÌâ3:Why does the author suggest the Chinese name of the destination be learnt?
    A£®Because it helps know clearly where to get off the bus.
    B£®Because it can prevent people from missing the bus they want to board.
    C£®Because the place names are merely announced in Chinese.
    D£®Because it prevents the passengers getting off at the next stop on time.
    СÌâ4:The author might write this passage specially for ________.
    A£®The local Chengdu people who are interested in traveling by bus
    B£®Regular bus riders in Chengdu who fails to manage their bus cards properly.
    C£®New foreigners in Chengdu who want to get around by bus.
    D£®Pedestrians in Chengdu who are considering choosing to take the bus.

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    ¿ÆÄ¿£º¸ßÖÐÓ¢Óï À´Ô´£º²»Ïê ÌâÐÍ£ºÔĶÁÀí½â

    In his 1930 essay ¡°Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren ¡±, John Keynes, a famous economist, wrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs ,which are independent of what others have , and relative needs ,which make us feel superior to our fellows. He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable (ÎÞÖ¹¾³µÄ) , this is not true of absolute needs.
    Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority. He was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this desire as the only source of insatiable demands.
    Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demands for almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. Their goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals.
    There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demand for quality. For example, Porsche, a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sport car on the market Priced at over $120,000, it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. But in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To get them, however, they must pay almost four times the price.
    By placing the desire to be superior to others at the heart of his description of insatiable demands, Keynes actually reduced such demands. However, the desire for higher quality has no natural limits.
    СÌâ1:According to the passage, John Keynes believed that_______.
    A£®desire is the root of both absolute and relative needs
    B£®absolute needs come from our sense of superiority
    C£®relative needs alone lead to insatiable demands
    D£®absolute needs are stronger than relative needs
    СÌâ2:What do we know about the couple in Paragraph 3?
    A£®They want to show their superiority.
    B£®They find specialty important to meals.
    C£®Their demands for food are not easily satisfied.
    D£®Their choice of dinner is
    СÌâ3:What does the underlined word ¡°escalation¡± in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
    A£®Understanding.B£®IncreaseC£®DifferenceD£®Study
    СÌâ4:The author of the passage argues that ______.
    A£®absolute needs have no limits
    B£®demands for quality are not insatiable
    C£®human desires influence ideas of quality
    D£®relative needs decide most of our spending

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    ¿ÆÄ¿£º¸ßÖÐÓ¢Óï À´Ô´£º²»Ïê ÌâÐÍ£ºÔĶÁÀí½â


    Death Valley, one of America¡¯s great national parks, is a place of strange and silent beauty. As beautiful as this place is, its name provides evidence of very real danger. Death Valley is a land of beautiful yet dangerous extremes. There are mountains that reach more than 3,000 meters into the sky. There is a place called Badwater that is the lowest area of land in the Western Hemisphere. If there were water there, it would be 86 meters below the level of the ocean.
    Death Valley can be dangerously cold during the winter months. Storms in the mountains can produce sudden flooding on the floor of the Valley. The air temperature during the summer has been as high as 57¡æ. The sun can heat the ground so that the temperature of the rocks and soil can be as high as 74¡æ. The extreme heat of Death Valley has killed people in the past. It will continue to kill those who do not honor this extreme climate. Death Valley does not forgive those who are not careful.
    Death Valley is a good example of the violence of nature. It contains evidence of several ancient volcanoes that caused huge explosions. Evidence of one of these explosions is called Ubehebe Crater. The explosion left a huge hole in the ground almost a kilometer and a half wide.
    In many areas of Death Valley it is easy to see where the ground has been pushed up violently by movement deep in the Earth. This movement has created unusual and beautiful rock formations. Some are red. Others are dark brown, gray, yellow or black. Other areas of rock look as if some huge creature violently broke and twisted the Earth to create unusual, sometimes frightening shapes.
    In other parts of Death Valley there are lines in the rock that show clearly that this area was deep under an ocean for many thousands of years. Much of the Valley is flat and extremely dry. In fact, scientists believe it is the driest place in the United States.
    Death Valley, part of the Great Mojave Desert, is a huge place. It extends more than 225 kilometers across the southern part of California, and across the border with Nevada.
    СÌâ1:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
    A£®The water in Badwater is 86 meters below the level of the ocean.
    B£®The highest air temperature in summer can reach as high as 74¡æ.
    C£®The ground has been pushed up violently by explosions of volcanoes.
    D£®There might have been marine lives living in Death Valley.
    СÌâ2:Why were some people killed by Death Valley?
    A£®Because they didn¡¯t respect Death Valley and thus they were punished.
    B£®Because it is extremely hot in summer and dangerously cold in winter.
    C£®Because they were not careful enough to take with them what they needed.
    D£®Because several volcanoes erupted and caused huge explosions.
    СÌâ3:The underlined word ¡°twisted¡± in Paragraph 4 most possibly mean ______.
    A£®bent and turnedB£®created and developed
    C£®built and shapedD£®changed and ruined
    СÌâ4:The purpose of the article is to _______.
    A£®encourage people to visit Death Valley, a beautiful national park in America
    B£®warn people not to visit Death Valley because it is quite dangerous there
    C£®introduce to us readers a special national park in America, Death Valley
    D£®raise money for the protection of Death Valley because it is in danger now

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    ¿ÆÄ¿£º¸ßÖÐÓ¢Óï À´Ô´£º²»Ïê ÌâÐÍ£ºÔĶÁÀí½â


    Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do ¡ª especially in tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day. ¡°It¡¯s amazing how many candidates cross out themselves,¡± he says.
    ¡°Resumes (¼òÀú)arrive with faults. Some candidates don¡¯t bother to spell the company¡¯s name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I cross out the candidates,¡± Crossley concludes. ¡°If they cannot take care of these details, why should we trust them with a job?¡±
    Can we pay too much attention to details? Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. ¡°To keep from losing the forest for the trees,¡± says Charles Garfield, the professor at the University of California, San Francisco, ¡°We must constantly ask ourselves how the details we¡¯re working on fit into the larger picture. If they don¡¯t, we should drop them and move to something else.¡±
    Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. ¡°The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off course 90 percent of the time,¡± says Garfield. ¡°But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact position of our goal. This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary.¡± Knowing where to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.
    Too often we believe what accounts for others¡¯ success is some special secret or a lucky break. But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.
    СÌâ1:According to the passage, some job applicants were rejected because       .
    A£®they failed to present resumes that are free of mistakes
    B£®they failed to give a detailed description of their background
    C£®they crossed out their names from the applicants list themselves
    D£®their handwriting on the resume was hard to recognize
    СÌâ2:The underlined word ¡°cross out¡± in the first paragraph probably means ______.
    A£®neglectB£®recommendC£®wipeD£®introduce
    СÌâ3:The third paragraph is intended to state that       .
    A£®trees are as important as forests
    B£®we should pay much attention to details
    C£®we shouldn¡¯t go too far in details to lose our goals
    D£®perfectionists are capable of achieving perfect results
    СÌâ4:The example of Apollo II moon launch is given to show that       .
    A£®minor mistakes can be ignored
    B£®failure is the mother of success
    C£®adjustments are the key to the successful completion of any work
    D£®keeping one¡¯s goal in mind helps decide which details can be overlooked

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    ¿ÆÄ¿£º¸ßÖÐÓ¢Óï À´Ô´£º²»Ïê ÌâÐÍ£ºÍêÐÎÌî¿Õ

    This economy has really got a lot of people moving and not always by a choice they wanted to make. My wife and I now find ourselves among those unfortunates feeling that  1 .
    At the end of last year, our customers just  2 .  We had to make the painful decision to 3 our office and put our house up for  4 . We haven¡¯t lived in it for two years yet and expected it would be the  5  one for a long time. How   6 this world economic mess is changing our lives!
    As I get older, I find moving less adventurous and more  7  . This time, we¡¯re in the process of moving without knowing where we¡¯ll   8 next. Job searching has been thrown into the quagmire(À§¾³) of an unsettled life. Both my wife and I had been feeling pretty  9  from all this. I¡¯ve been challenged to find the positive in all this down that¡¯s  10  us.
    But then it happened while I watched my wife  11  things up. She¡¯s an absolute whiz(ÄÜÊÖ) when it comes to packing. I took delight in watching her  12  just the right boxes for  13  in front of her and filling in the  14  with pillows and towels. I began feeling something like a wind lift me up and sail me through my own  15 of the packing and loading.
    Some friends will be helping us with the  16 . I¡¯ve told them that they¡¯re not  17  friends but gaining some new vacation spots.
    I have  18  that we¡¯ll get through this transition finally. We all will always have work to do, by choice or  19 , and we can also consciously make the effort to create a sense of  20  in a new place.
    СÌâ1:
    A£®pressureB£®pleasureC£®heatD£®chance
    СÌâ2:
    A£®stayed upB£®turned upC£®dried upD£®came up
    СÌâ3:
    A£®openB£®closeC£®visitD£®paint
    СÌâ4:
    A£®helpB£®comparisonC£®decorationD£®sale
    СÌâ5:
    A£®lastB£®nextC£®onlyD£®special
    СÌâ6:
    A£®littleB£®quicklyC£®frequentlyD£®well
    СÌâ7:
    A£®dangerousB£®commonC£®stressfulD£®interesting
    СÌâ8:
    A£®returnB£®arriveC£®studyD£®prepare
    СÌâ9:
    A£®relaxedB£®excitedC£®ashamedD£®depressed
    СÌâ10:
    A£®improvingB£®encouragingC£®beatingD£®killing
    СÌâ11:
    A£®packingB£®washingC£®pullingD£®dividing
    СÌâ12:
    A£®bring upB£®keep upC£®size upD£®set up
    СÌâ13:
    A£®othersB£®nothingC£®anotherD£®everything
    СÌâ14:
    A£®carsB£®gapsC£®tanksD£®holes
    СÌâ15:
    A£®boatB£®shareC£®wishD£®promise
    СÌâ16:
    A£®settlingB£®cookingC£®cleaningD£®moving
    СÌâ17:
    A£®valuingB£®losingC£®invitingD£®making
    СÌâ18:
    A£®ideaB£®faithC£®feelingD£®opinion
    СÌâ19:
    A£®otherwiseB£®indeedC£®worseD£®rather
    СÌâ20:
    A£®panicB£®connectionC£®humorD£®home

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    ¿ÆÄ¿£º¸ßÖÐÓ¢Óï À´Ô´£º²»Ïê ÌâÐÍ£ºÔĶÁÀí½â

    Anyone for kimchi(º«¹úÅݲË)? Around 2,000 women made the traditional dish last week in Seoul,the capital of the Republic of Korea(ROK).

    Kimchi traditionally has a rosy color. Korea.net says: ¡°The color red wards off (±Ü¿ª) evil spirits. The color represents the spirit of the Korean people and kimchi is more than just a food. It¡¯s a culture.¡±
    A meal without kimchi is unthinkable. So what is kimchi?
    Joan Raymond, food writer for US website health.com, writes: ¡°It¡¯s a reddish, fermented (·¢½ÍµÄ) cabbage dish , made with a mix of garlic salt, vinegar, chili peppers and other spices.
    It is served at every meal, either along with or mixed with rice and noodles. It is part of a high-fiber, low fat diet, which has kept obesity(·ÊÅÖ) at bay.¡±
    Kimchi is used in everything from soups to pancakes and as a topping (ÅäÁÏ) on pizza and burgers.
    Health.com named kimchi in its list of the world¡¯s top five healthiest foods as it is rich in vitamins, aids digestion and may even reduce the risk of cancer.
    A study conducted by Seoul National University claimed that chickens infected with the H5N1 virus (bird flu) recovered after eating food containing the same bacteria found in kimchi.
    When Koreans pose for photos, they say ¡°kimchi¡±, instead of ¡°cheese¡±.
    СÌâ1:According to the article, which of the following statements is TRUE?
    A£®Kimchi contains something that can kill the H5N1 virus.
    B£®Kimchi is rated as the healthiest food in the world.
    C£®Kimchi is a cultural treasure for Koreans.
    D£®Each person eats 40 pounds of kimchi per month.
    СÌâ2:What does the underlined phrase ¡°keep... at bay¡± mean?
    A£®predictB£®preventC£®overcomeD£®develop
    СÌâ3:What does the article mainly talk about?
    A£®The nutritional value of kimchi.B£®Ways of making kimchi.
    C£®The origin of kimchi.D£®Kimchi and what it means to Koreans.

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    ¿ÆÄ¿£º¸ßÖÐÓ¢Óï À´Ô´£º²»Ïê ÌâÐÍ£ºÔĶÁÀí½â

    Weddings in the United States vary as much as the people do. There are church weddings with a great deal of fanfare£¨ÒÇʽÉÏÓõĶÌÇú£©; there are weddings on mountain-tops with guests barefooted (³à½ÅµÄ); and there have been weddings on the ocean floor with oxygen tanks for the guests. But many weddings, no matter where or how they are performed, include certain traditional customs.
    Before a couple is married, they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away. When everything is ready, then comes the most exciting moment.
    The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The wedding party enters the church while the wedding march is played. The bride carrying a bouquet £¨»¨Êø£©enters last with her father who will "give her away ". The bridegroom enters the church from a side door. When the wedding party is gathered by the altar, the bride and bridegroom exchange vows (ÊÄÑÔ). It is traditional to use the words "To have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death do us part ". Following the vows, the couple exchange rings. Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom.
    After the ceremony there is often a party, called a "reception" which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the new couple . The car in which the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamers and shaving cream. The words "Just Married" are painted on the trunk or back window. The bride and bridegroom run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. When the couple drives away from the church, friends often chase them in cars, honking (ÃùÆû³µÀ®°È)and drawing attention to them. And then the couple go on their honeymoon.
    СÌâ1:This passage is written mainly to let us know something about _______ .
    A£®health and lifestyle B£®science and technology
    C£®culture and customD£®education and entertainment
    СÌâ2:Why do the wedding guests throw a lot of rice at the bride and bridegroom when they run to the car ?
    A£®To wish them good luck . B£®To make fun of them.
    C£®Not mentioned . D£®To draw attention to them .
    СÌâ3:Which of the following is TRUE of American weddings ?
    A£®They are always held in churches whoever they are .
    B£®The bride¡¯s father is usually present to lead his daughter to the bridegroom and give her to him .
    C£®Only bridegrooms send rings to brides .
    D£®Brides needn¡¯t make vows before bridegrooms .
    СÌâ4:Which of the following is the correct order in which the following events happen ?
    a. sending invitation           b. going on honeymoon
    c. attending the wedding        d. giving a reception
    e. getting engaged
    A£®e-b-c-d-aB£®e-c-d-a-bC£®b-c-d-a-eD£®e-a-c-d-b

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