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    3．It is not only praise or punishment that determines a child's level of confidence．There are some other important ways we shape our kids-particularly by giving instructions and commands in a negative or positive choice of words．For example，we can say to a child"Don't run into traffic!"or"Stay on the footpath close to me．"In using the latter，you will be helping your kids to think and act positively，and to feel confident in a wide range of situations，because they know what to do，and aren't scaring themselves about what not to do．
    Actually，it is all in the way the human mind works．What we think，we automatically rehearse（预演）．For example，if someone offered you a million dollars not to think of a blue monkey for two minutes，you wouldn't be able to do it．When a child is told"Don't fall off the tree，"he will think of two things："don't"and"fall off the tree"．That is，he will automatically create the picture of falling off the tree in his mind．A child who is vividly imagining falling off the tree is much more likely to fall off．So it is far better to use"Hold on to the tree carefully"．
    Clear，positive instructions help kids to understand the right way to do things．Kids do not always know how to be safe，or how to react to the warning of the danger in negative words．So parents should make their commands positive．"Sam，hold on firm to the side of the boat"is much more useful than"Don't you dare to fall out of the boat？"or worse still"How do you think I'll feel if you drown？"The changes are small but difference is obvious．
    Children learn how to guide and organize themselves from the way we guide them with our words，so it pays to be positive．

    32．Positive choice of words helps kids toA．
    A．build up their confidence          
    B．learn in different situations
    C．improve their imagination           
    D．do things carefully
    33．What can we infer from Paragraph 2？B
    A．A child will act on what is instructed．
    B．One can't help imagining what is heard．
    C．A child will fall off the tree when told not to．
    D．One won't think of a blue monkey when given money．
    34．Which of the following commands helps kids to be safe？C
    A．How do you think I'll feel if you get hurt？
    B．Don't play by the lake．
    C．Fasten your seat belt．
    D．Don't you dare to walk through the red light？
    35．The main idea of the passage is thatD．
    A．praise makes kids confident         
    B．right instructions keep kids safe
    C．clear commands make kids different 
     D．positive instructions guide kids．

    分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了决定孩子自信的不仅是表扬和惩罚，还有一些重要的方式来塑造我们的孩子．

    解答 32．A．推理判断题．根据第一段In using the latter，you will be helping your kids to think and act positively，and to feel competent in a wide range of situations可知积极的选择帮助孩子建立自信；故选A．
    33．B．细节理解题．根据第二段A child who is vividly imagining falling off the tree is much more likely to fall off．So it is far better to use"Hold on to the tree carefully可知孩子们会想象听到的画面；故选B．
    34．C．推理判断题．根据第一段For example，we can say to a child"Don't run into traffic!"or"Stay on the footpath close to me．"In using the latter，you will be helping your kids to think and act positively可知请系好安全带这种命令能帮助孩子们安全；故选C．
    35．D．主旨大意题．根据最后一段Children learn how to guide and organize themselves from the way we guide them with our words，so it pays to be positive可知最佳标题为积极的话语可以引导孩子的发展；故选D．

    点评 本文是一篇科教类阅读，题目涉及多道主旨大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题．做题时学生应仔细阅读原文，把握文章主要内容，联系文章上下文内容并结合所给选项含义，从中选出正确答案，一定要做到有理有据，切忌胡乱猜测．

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