Question

10．While contact between adolescents （between the ages of fifteen and nineteen） and their peers （同龄人） is a universal characteristic of all cultures，the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal．In American contemporary society，adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults．
This pattern of age segregation（隔离） in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society．Changes in the workplace separated children from adults，with adults working and children attending school．The dramatic increase of mothers in the  workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults．School reform efforts during the nineteenth century，which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades，have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children．Finally，the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture．From 1955 to 1975，the adolescent population increased  dramatically，from 11 percent to 20.9 percent．This increase in the number of adolescents might  be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size．
Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers．Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents'daily activities and found that they spend  more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity．In a typical week，high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults．This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence．In sixth grade，adults （excluding parents） account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks．Another important characteristic of  adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous （自治的） function．While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents，adolescent peer groups typically  make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so．

（Note：Answer t．he quesnons or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS．）
81．"This pattern of age segregation"refers to the phenomenon that adolescents segregate themselves fromyounger children and adults
82．Besides changes in the workplace，school reform efforts and the changes in populationare the other two factors contributing to adolescent peer culture．
83．When do adolescents start to spend less time with adults？In early adolescence．
84．How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups？They have less close supervision of parents．/They manage to escape adult supervision．/They are increasingly autonomous．．

Answer 1

分析 本文讲述了青少年群体中出现的"隔代现象"--越来越多青少年愿意花更多的时间和同伴在一起，而不是和晚辈或者长辈．本文讲述了这一现象形成的历史和原因--社会结构的变化，工业时期父母在外工作的增多，青少年群体的人口增多以及家庭教育方面的原因--父母越是制约孩子，孩子越是希望摆脱父母的约束，和同龄人结伴玩耍．

解答 81．答案：younger children and adults
根据Changes in the workplace separated children from adults 和which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades，have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children 可推断应填younger children and adults．
82．答案：school reform efforts and the changes in population
根据School reform efforts during the nineteenth century 和the changes in population are considered a factor可推断应填 school reform efforts and the changes in population． 
83．答案：In early adolescence
根据This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence 可推断应填In early adolescence．
84．答案：They have less close supervision of parents．/They manage to escape adult supervision．/They are increasingly autonomous．
根据adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision 可推断应填They have less close supervision of parents．/They manage to escape adult supervision．/They are increasingly autonomous．

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