This winter, the air quality over the north China plain was so bad that it was actually off the standard scale. The air pollution reached levels that the World Health Organization describes as dangero 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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This winter, the air quality over the north China plain was so bad that it was actually off the standard scale. The air pollution reached levels that the World Health Organization describes as dangerous. On Thursday, heavy smog blanketed most of northern and eastern China again.
It is reasonable to ask why the air pollution is so bad this winter. Weather conditions and topographic(地形学的) factors have been given as reasons, but, although contributing factors, these are not to blame. The worsening air pollution is linked to an energy mix that relies heavily on coal and to motor vehicle emissions(排放). But despite the astonishing growth of motor vehicles in our cities, it is the burning of coal that is the biggest cause of air pollution. More than half of the country's power plants are located in the eastern region and China's coal consumption has more than doubled in the past decade, reaching 3.8 billion tons last year, accounting for almost half the world's total coal consumption. And with coal occupying nearly 70 percent of the country's primary energy consumption, it has become critical to reduce the use of coal if we are to solve the nation's overall air pollution problem.
In the face of the poisonous air recently, one citizen said, "we have nothing but hot air to purify the skies". In fact, the government plans to have 350 billion yuan ($55.67 billion) investment in improving coal-fired facilities and limiting the use of yellow-label cars that do not meet the Euro I emissions standard and so on.
However, it would be far more effective to reduce emissions at the source, which means that the biggest challenge currently facing government departments is saying "no" to the country's air polluting offenders. According to the Joint Prevention and Control Plan on Air Pollution in Key Regions released recently by the State Council, the amount of coal the nation consumes is set to rise by 30 percent during the period of the 12th Five-Year Plan. This is not going to let anyone breathe easier.
This highlights a key problem when it comes to environmental issues in this country - economic development comes first. The fundamental cause of the worsening air pollution is the idea of economic growth at any cost, which has resulted in ever-worsening pollution. And the priority(优先权)given to economic growth presents another problem, namely the failure of existing environmental protection policies and regulations to control pollution. For instance, the current weak regulations covering emissions would suggest there has been a significant reduction in emissions when clearly this is not the case. Also those enterprises found breaking the regulations are still far lower than the cost of treating the pollution they produce. This means even if many large-scale enterprises with lagging production capacity(能力) fail to meet the requirements for environmental protection, the environmental protection department is incapable of shutting these enterprises down or forcing their relocation.
Dealing with air pollution requires taking action at the local level to reduce vehicle emissions and at the regional level to reduce industrial emissions. But it also requires giving more priority to environmental issues in policymaking. Our hope is that the environmental protection department will be truly capable of saying "no" to pollution, and it will raise standards and effectively enforce them, and that governments at all levels will prioritize quality of life not just economic growth.
小题1:The writer mentions the heavy smog in parts of China in Paragraph1 in order to_____.

A．remind people to stay in doors because of the bad air quality

B．show people’s concern about the priority to economic growth

C．introduce the issue about the serious air pollution

D．highlight the importance of government’s policies and regulations

小题2:Why is it a big challenge for the government to say “no” to the air polluting offenders in China?

A．Because enterprises are encouraged to develop economy at the cost of the environment.

B．Because much emphasis has been laid on economic growth regardless of the cost.

C．Because it’s impossible to relocate the enterprises for lack of money.

D．Because the production capacity of enterprises falls behind the required speed.

小题3:It can be learned from the passage that the essential reason for the worsening air conditions in China is_______.

A．the sharp growth of coal consumption in recent years

B．the rapid increase of motor vehicles in cities

C．the building of power plants in northern China

D．the poor weather conditions caused by complex geographical factors

小题4:According to the writer, which of the following is the key to solving the air pollution problem?

A．Giving priority to economic development in policymaking.

B．Making environment-friendly policies and carrying them out effectively.

C．Increasing investment in the construction of coal-fired facilities.

D．Limiting the use of cars not meeting the required emission standard

小题5:Which best describes the writer’s tone in the passage?

A．Pessimistic.

B．Convincing.

C．Doubtful.

D．Concerned.

小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:B
小题5:D

试题分析：
本文介绍了中国空气污染的情况，分析了造成污染的原因，提出解决污染问题的对策措施。造成污染的原因主要是燃煤和汽车排放，燃煤是最大原因；而根源却在于“经济发展优先”的观念。作者指出，各级政府应该将人们的生活质量放在首位。
小题1:主旨大意题。文章主要分析污染原因，提出问题对策，第一段只是为了引起人们对污染的严重程度的关注，引起下文。故答案为C.
小题2:由第四段…which means that the biggest challenge currently facing government departments is saying "no" to the country's air polluting offenders, ，“十二五”期间煤消耗增长30%到第五段第一句话“突显了一个关键问题，即‘经济发展优先’”可知，经济发展优先的观念阻碍了从根源上减少排放。故答案为B。
小题3:由第二段it is the burning of coal that is the biggest cause of air pollution一句可知，燃煤是造成污染越来越严重的根本原因。故选择A项。
小题4:污染越来越严重，燃煤是原因，但是根源却在于“经济发展优先”的观念。所以解决污染问题的关键在于改变观念。这就要求政府制定环保政策并有效实施。由最后一段But it also requires giving more priority to environmental issues in policymaking.可知B项正确。
小题5:作者对于环境污染越来越严重感到深深的忧虑。从最后一段故答案为D.

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In her new book, “The Smartest Kids in the World,” Amanda Ripley, an investigative journalist, tells the story of Tom, a high-school student from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, who decides to spend his senior year in Wroclaw, Poland. Poland is a surprising educational success story: in the past decade, the country raised students’ test scores from significantly below average to well above it. Polish kids have now outscored American kids in math and science, even though Poland spends, on average, less than half as much per student as the United States does. One of the most striking differences between the high school Tom attended in Gettysburg and the one he ends up at in Wroclaw is that the latter has no football team, or, for that matter, teams of any kind.
That American high schools lavish more time and money on sports than on math is an old complaint. This is not a matter of how any given student who plays sports does in school, but of the culture and its priorities. This December, when the latest Program for International Student Assessment(PISA) results are announced, it’s safe to predict that American high-school students will once again display their limited skills in math and reading, outscored not just by students in Poland but also by students in places like South Korea, Belgium, the Netherlands, Finland, Singapore, and Japan. Meanwhile, they will have played some very exciting football games, which will have been breathlessly written up in their hometown papers.
Why does this situation continue? Well, for one thing, kids like it. And for another, according to Ripley, parents seem to like the arrangement, too. She describes a tour she took of a school in Washington D.C., which costs thirty thousand dollars a year. The tour leader—a mother with three children in the school—was asked about the school’s flaws. When she said that the math program was weak, none of the parents taking the tour reacted. When she said that the football program was weak, the parents suddenly became concerned. “Really?” one of them asked worriedly, “What do you mean?”
One of the ironies of the situation is that sports reveal what is possible. American kids’ performance on the field shows just how well they can do when expectations are high. It’s too bad that their test scores show the same thing.
小题1:Tom decides to spend his senior year in Poland because _______.

A．he intends to improve his scores

B．Polish kids are better at learning

C．sports are not supported at schools in Gettysburg

D．there are striking differences between the 2 countries

小题2:According to Paragraph 2, we know that _______.

A．PISA plays a very important role in America

B．little time is spent on sports in Japanese schools

C．American high schools complain about sports time

D．too much importance is placed on sports in America

小题3:The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _______.

A．low expectations result in American students’ poor PISA performance

B．high expectations push up American students’ academic performance

C．American students’ academic performance worries their parents a lot

D．lacking practice contributes to American students’ average performance

小题4:The purpose of this article is to _______.

A．compare Polish schools with those in America

B．call on American schools to learn from the Polish model

C．draw public attention to a weakness in American school tradition

D．explain what is wrong with American schools and provide solutions

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