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12.The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that,instead of an alphabet,it uses characters which stand for ideas,objects or deeds.Chinese words are formed by putting together different characters.In many cases,a single character can also make up a word.The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed.
Chinese writing began thousands of years ago.According to an ancient story,a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese writing.One winter day while he was hunting,he saw the tracks of animals in the snow and observed that the appearance of each one was different.Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects.The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects.Some characters have been simplified and others have been made more difficult over time.However,as a whole the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms.
Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.Sometimes to express ideas,some characters were made by combining two or more characters together.Other characters were developed for directions and numbers.It is easy to distinguish their meanings by looking at them.
Though these kinds of characters indicate meanings,one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced.Therefore,a method was developed to have one part of a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation.Many Chinese characters used today were made this way.
In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters and now they have widespread use in China's mainland.
Brief(61 )intruductionThe Chinese language is (62 )different from western language because it uses characters to (63 )represent ideas,objects or deeds.
The origins of Chinese charactersAn idea (64 )occurredto Cangjie after he observed the tracks of animals (65 )whose appearance differed from each other in the snow.
The(66 )developments/evolutions of Chinese characters•As a whole,the characters developed from drawing into standard forms.
•Some characters were made by comining two or more characters together,whose meanings are easy to (67 )distinguish.
•Many Chinese characters consists of two parts,one (68 )indicatingthe meaning and the other suggesting the pronunciation.
•Now,Chinese characters have become much (69 )simpler and been used in china's mainland (70 )widely.

分析 本文讲述了汉字的起源与发展,以及汉字的结构与含义.传说中汉字是由仓颉发明的,并在几千年的历史中不断发展,成为古代汉字.而新中国成立后,中国政府引入了简体汉字,现在被广泛使用.

解答 61.intruduction 62.different 63.represent 64.occurred 65.whose 66.developments/evolutions 67.distinguish 68.indicating 69.simpler 70.widely
61.intruduction介绍,考查细节归纳.根据表格该行后面的内容可知,这里是对中文进行简短的介绍.故填"intruduction介绍".
62.different 不同,考查细节查找.根据文章开头"The Chinese language differs from Western languages"可知,汉语与西方语言不同.故填"different不同".
63.represent代表,考查细节查找.根据"it uses characters which stand for ideas,objects or deeds"可知,中文使用字符代表思想,物体或行为.故填"represent代表". 
64.occurred产生,考查细节查找.it occurred to 想到(主意).根据"a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese writing"可知,一个名叫仓颉的人发明了中国文字,所以说是仓颉想到了中文的写法.故填"occurred想到".
65.whose谁的,考查代词的使用.这里用whose指代"the tracks of animals 动物的足迹",句意:他观察了在雪地里的动物的足迹.故填"whose谁的".
66.developments/evolutions发展,考查细节归纳.根据表格该行后面的内容可知,这里是介绍中文的发展过程.故填"developments/evolutions发展".
67.distinguish区分,考查细节查找.根据"some characters were made by combining two or more characters together.It is easy to distinguish their meanings by looking at them."句意:一些字符是由两个或两个以上的字符相结合形成的,所以通过观察,很容易区分它们的意义.故填"distinguish区分".
68.indicating指示,考查细节查找.与该句中"and"后面的"suggesting暗示"有相近意思的是"indicating指示".句意:许多汉字由两部分组成,一个指示意义,另一个指代发音.故填"indicating指示".
69.simpler更简单,考查细节查找.根据"the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters"可知中国政府引入了简体汉字.故填"simpler更简单".
70.widely广泛地,考查细节查找.根据"now they have widespread use in China's mainland"可知现在它们在中国大陆广泛使用.故填"widely广泛地".

点评 该题考查学生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力及概况归纳能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释.考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点,从而概括出关键词.

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2.Do you have a spare room in your house?What about a driveway for your car?Both of these can help you make money.Many people who are short of money are taking advantage of what's been called the"sharing economy".
Perhaps the best-known example of a company in this field is Airbnb-an American web business which allows you to rent out your spare room to holidaymakers.It says it operates in 34,000 cities of more than 190countries and it has over 2,000,000 listings.It seems to have cornered the market!
A British company is doing something with parking spaces.JustPark's founder,Anthony Eskinazi,says,"When I had the original idea,I spotted a driveway close to a sports stadium.It would have been so convenient if I could have just parked in that driveway rather than in a commercial car park."And he has a big clientele(顾客):around 20,000 people have advertised their spaces on the site,and he says around half a million drivers use it.There are other sites doing very similar things,like Uber and Lyft-these let drivers share their cars with other passengers.Any driver knows how valuable a place to park is.A church near Kings Cross in central London has apparently made over£200,000 by renting out space in this yard to travelers!
Because this is a new business world,those rules aren't there yet and many people are happy to share as long as it pays!
But the sharing economy has its shortages:the competitors of these new companies.People who run things like traditional B&B,commercial car parks and taxi services are afraid of ending up losing money.And there is another issue,regulations on these new businesses are unclear.How will renting out your driveway affect your neighbor?

32.Which can best replace the underlined word"cornered"in Paragraph 2?B
A.determined by
B.taken control of
C.benefited from
D.come onto
33.Why are a lot of people happy to share according to Paragraph 4?B
A.To avoid tax.
B.To make a profit.
C.To get over limits to them.
D.To gain more convenience.
34.Which of the following may be against the sharing economy?D
A.A church with a large free yard.
B.A driver needing a parking place.
C.A traveler looking for a spare room.
D.A hotel owning good accommodations.
35.How is the future of the new business according to the last paragraph?B
A.Modern and effective.
B.Effective but worrying.
C.Hopeful and satisfying.
D.Creative but unpractical.

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