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    Scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have reported evidence that Mars was warmer and wetter long ago than it is today.  The Caltech scientists say they have directly established the temperature of Mars four billion years ago. At least, they established the surface temperature on part of the planet at that time. The researchers say it is the first such evidence to be discovered and presented.
    The Caltech scientists say carbonate（碳酸盐）minerals formed on Mars at about eighteen degrees Celsius. They reached the finding after studying a meteorite（陨石）that had its beginnings near the Martian surface.
    Today, the average temperature on Mars is sixty-three degrees below zero Celsius.
    The finding was reported on the website of the National Academy of Sciences. Caltech Assistant Professor Woody Fischer helped to prepare the report. He says eighteen degrees Celsius is not especially cold or hot. He says this makes the finding extremely interesting. Knowing the temperature can give scientists an idea of the climate on Mars long ago. It can also help them decide whether the planet had liquid water. Spacecraft orbiting Mars have shown what appear to be rivers, lakebeds and mineral deposits. These pictures suggest that, at one time, water did flow there. Mars Rover vehicles and other spacecraft have proved the information.

    The meteorite the scientists examined is one of the oldest known rocks in the world. It is called the Allan Hills meteorite. Its name came from the place in Antarctica where it was found in 1984. The meteorite is believed to have blown loose from the Mars' surface when another space rock struck its "home."
    小题1:The underlined word “establish” in Paragraph 1 probably means “___________”.
    A．to set up
    B．to make people accept a belief
    C．to discover or prove
    D．to start having a relationship with others
    小题2:How did the scientists reach the finding?
    A．By studying Allan Hills meteorite.
    B．By using spacecraft orbiting Mars.
    C．By studying minerals gathered on Mars.
    D．By studying a meteorite on the Martian surface.
    小题3:According to the fourth paragraph, what have spacecraft orbiting Mars done?
    A．Measuring the temperature of Mars.
    B．Taking photos of the surface of Mars.
    C．Finding that there is water flowing on Mars.
    D．Proving where human beings will probably land on Mars.
    小题4:Where can we most probably read this passage?
    A．In a biography of scientists.B．In a geography magazine.
    C．In an environment report.D．In a science report.

    小题1:C
    小题2:A
    小题3:B
    小题4:D

    试题分析：本文主要说明一个科学报告：许多年前火星比现在更温暖，潮湿。
    小题1:猜词题：从第一段最后一句The researchers say it is the first such evidence to be discovered and presented结合前面两句可以说明科学家发现了40亿年前的火星地表的温度的证据。“establish”是discover or prove ，选C
    小题2:细节题：从第二段的句子：They reached the finding after studying a meteorite（陨石） that had its beginnings near the Martian surface.及最后一段It is called the Allan Hills meteorite可知科学家是通过研究Allan Hills陨石得到这个发现的。答案选A
    小题3:细节题：从第四段倒数第二，三句话These pictures suggest that, at one time, water did flow there. Mars Rover vehicles and other spacecraft have proved the information.可以看出宇宙飞船火星轨道是给火星地表拍照的。B
    小题4:文章出处题：从第一段第一句Scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have reported evidence that Mars was warmer and wetter long ago than it is today.可知本文主要讲的是一个科学报告，故选D
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：完形填空

    Nowadays robots can not only talk and dance，but also answer your questions in English.They are “____”．The following is the first China­made “beauty”____.
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    小题1:
    A．receptionistsB．hostesses
    C．beautiesD．guides
    小题2:
    A．robotB．cushion
    C．carpetD．fingernail
    小题3:
    A．inventedB．designed
    C．madeD．named
    小题4:
    A．dressB．clothes
    C．shoesD．skirt
    小题5:
    A．orB．and
    C．butD．so
    小题6:
    A．containsB．includes
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    小题7:
    A．oneB．this
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    小题8:
    A．desiredB．piled
    C．equippedD．scanned
    小题9:
    A．mustB．can
    C．shouldD．may
    小题10:
    A．designerB．declarer
    C．juniorD．haircutter
    小题11:
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    C．SorryD．With pleasure
    小题12:
    A．holyB．pretty
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    小题13:
    A．developedB．complicated
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    小题14:
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    小题15:
    A．SinceB．If
    C．UnlessD．When
    小题16:
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    小题17:
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    小题18:
    A．familiarB．similar
    C．oppositeD．reasonable
    小题19:
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    小题20:
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Air pollution is one of the hottest topics at present because poor air quality is an important factor in both the incidence and cause of respiratory(呼吸道) diseases.
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    小题1: What is the passage mainly about?
    A．Medical researches on environment.
    B．The disadvantages in big cities.
    C．The only reason for the lung cancer.
    D．Poor air quality contributing to lung cancer.
    小题2:What can you conclude from the 3rd paragraph?
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    B．Air pollution is as harmful as smoking.
    C．It is very important to prevent people from smoking.
    D．People realize the importance of keeping healthy.
    小题3:If there were 3,000,000 people in Chaoyang District, how many would have respiratory diseases?
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    October 15th is the Global Handwashing Day. Activities are planned in more than 20 countries to get millions of people in the developing world to wash their hands with soap. For example, donors（捐赠者） will give 150,000 bars of soap to schools in Ethiopia.
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    小题1:What’s the best title for this passage?
    A．Say no to washing hands in the wrong way.
    B．Find out why washing hands carefully is so important.
    C．Hand washing: so important----it gets a day of its own.
    D．Want to live a longer life?-wash your hands.
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    A．to dry your handsB．to wash away the soap
    C．to rub your hands carefullyD．to clean your fingers
    小题3:The last paragraph mainly tells us ______.
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    B．why washing hand with soap is so important
    C．the dangers of washing hands without soap
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    What's going to happen in the future? Will robots take over our planet? Will computers become smarter than us? Not likely. But here are some things that scientists say are most likely to happen 10 to 30 years later from now, according to the BBC.
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    Although the bionic eye that's out now only allows patients to see lights and unclear shapes, a high­resolution(高清晰度的) version could be just a few years away.
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    小题1:The underlined word “distracted” in the article is closest in meaning to “________”．
    A．directedB．discouraged
    C．attackedD．disturbed
    小题2:Jeffrey Miller's attitude towards self­driving cars is ________.
    A．optimisticB．pessimistic
    C．doubtfulD．cautious
    小题3:Which section is the article most likely to be found in the newspaper?
    A．Learning KitB．Campus Trends
    C．EntertainmentD．Technology

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：完形填空

    　Beware of those who use the truth to deceive(欺骗). When someone tells you something that is　　, but leaves out important information that should be　　, he can create a false impression.
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    He didn’t say anything that was　　, but he deliberately left out some important　　. That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically　　, but they are just as not　　.
    Untrustworthy candidates in　　campaigns often use this tactic(手段). Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, the state lost one million jobs and　　three million jobs. Then she　　another term. One of her opponents runs an ad　　, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!”That’s true. 　　, an honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of　　million jobs. ”
    Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths. It’s　　the law to make false claims so they try to mislead you with the　　. An ad might boast, “Nine out of ten doctors recommend Yucky Pills to cure nose pimples. ”It　　to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Corporation.
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    小题1:
    A．falseB．true
    C．interestingD．boring
    小题2:
    A．includedB．contained
    C．ignoredD．referred
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    A．lostB．found
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    A．changed B．took
    C．turnedD．made
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    A．rightB．wellC．reallyD．though
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    A．booksB．papers
    C．ticketsD．balls
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    A．winnerB．loser
    C．fighterD．thinker
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    A．trueB．real
    C．doubtful D．false
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    A．details B．information
    C．mistakes D．errors
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    A．storiesB．truth
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    A．OtherwiseB．However
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    A．oneB．twoC．threeD．four
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    A．forB．to
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    A．wordsB．facts
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    When Hurricane Phailin hit India in late 2013, it became the largest storm to strike the subcontinent in over a decade. The storm affected more than 12 million people in India and neighboring countries, and damaged or destroyed many houses. However, good news is that cleverly-designed beach house created by architect Ray Huff can survive such strong winds and storm waves.
    Located on the shore of an Indian island, Huff’s award-winning cube-shaped beach house was built to replace one smashed to pieces by Hurricane Phailin.
    Huff pointed out that many houses built along shoreline were poorly constructed, and enforcement(执行) of building codes wasn’t strict. After Phailin’s attack, all new shoreline houses are required to meet stricter, better-enforced codes. The new beach house should be able to stand a Category 3 hurricane with peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometers per hour.
    At first sight, Huff's house looks anything but hurricane-proof. Its redwood shell makes it resemble “a large party lantern” at night, according to one observer. But looks can be misleading. The house’s wooden frame is reinforced(加固) with long steel rods to give it extra strength.
    To further protect the house from hurricane damage, Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the ground on pilings---long columns of wood anchored(固定) deep in the sand. Pilings might appear insecure, but they are strong enough to support the weight of the house. They also balance the house above storm waves. The pilings allow the waves to run under the house instead of running into it. “These swells of water come ashore at great speeds and cause most of the damage done to beach-front buildings,” said Huff.
    Huff designed the wooden pilings to be partially hidden by the house’s ground-to-roof shell. “The shell masks the pilings so that the house doesn’t look like it’s standing with its pant legs pulled up,” said Huff. In case of a storm wave, the shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house, the architect explained.
    小题1:After Hurricane Phailin, new houses built along shore line are required_____.
    A．to be easily reinforced
    B．to look smarter in design
    C．to meet stricter building standards
    D．to be designed in the shape of cubes
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    A．it is made of redwood
    B．it is in the shape of a shell
    C．it is strengthened by steel rods
    D．it is built with wood and stones
    小题3:Huff raised the house 2.7 meters off the ground on wooden pilings in order to _____.
    A．support the weight of the house
    B．allow the waves to run through the house
    C．anchor stronger pilings deep in the sand
    D．prevent water from rushing into the house
    小题4:The main function of the shell is_____.
    A．to give the house a better appearance
    B．to strengthen the pilings of the house
    C．to protect the wooden frame of the house
    D．to slow down the speed of the swelling water

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Chinese scientists have found a new way to use cells found in human urine （尿液）that could aid in the treatment of a range of nerve disorders.That is a new technique for reprogramming cells in human urine into nerve progenitor cells  that can grow into multi-functional nerve and brain cells.
    The technique is expected to be used in the study and treatment of nerve disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other nerve disorders.
    Pei Duanqing, a professor at Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said his research team has combined an episomal system to deliver reprogramming factors with a chemically defined culture medium to reprogram kidney epithelial(肾表皮) cells in urine into NPCs.
    These NPCs, normally only found in the human brain, were later proven to be transgene-free and self-renewing, he said.
    "These nerve and brain cells can survive for up to one month when transplanted into the brain of a newborn rat," said Pei. "My team is working hard to understand why our experimental condition allowed the urine cells to become NPCs, because we want to improve the technique and make it more efficient".
    Scientists have long searched to treat and study neural disorders by obtaining and transplanting neural stem cells. However, the previous method of getting and using cells from either fetal (胎儿)or adult human tissue remains challenging due to ethical concerns and immune system rejections, he said.
    Pei hopes the discovery will be used to generate NPCs from patients with nerve disorders such as Parkinson's disease. "These NPCs from patients may help us discover new drugs for these diseases."
    "It is a remarkable advance in the stem cell field. The results and methods obtained from this study will be of great value and significance to the field, " said Fred Gage,a professor with the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.
    小题1:What is the passage mainly about?
    A．NPCs are beneficial in treating human diseases.
    B．Chinese scientists succeeded in making NPCs from human urine.
    C．Chinese scientists have found cures for all diseases.
    D．A new technique was used to study the use of human urine
    小题2:Pei and his tean try their best to work hard in order to      .
    A．make more contributions to medical study
    B．discover another new technique
    C．make the technique more perfect
    D．treat more patients suffering from bad diseases
    小题3:What is the challenge of making NPCs in the previous method?
    A．The ethical comcerns and immune system refusal
    B．The difificulties in getting cells from human.
    C．The under-developed techniques in medical science.
    D．The lack of financial support from the government.
    小题4:From the last paragraph we can infer      .
    A．the new technique will be developed in science
    B．the results and methods will be applied to treating cancers
    C．the study will give a major push to the stem cell field
    D．the mew technique will bring great profis

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    The computer keyboard helped kill shorthand—a system of rapid handwriting, and now it’s threatening to finish off handwriting as a whole. When handwritten essays were introduced on the SAT exams for the class of 2012, just 15% of the most1.5 million students wrote their answers in cursive(草写字母). The rest? Block letters.
    And those college hopefuls are just the first edge of a wave of US students who no longer get much handwriting instructions in the primary grades, frequently 10 minutes a day or less. As a result, more and more students struggle to read and write cursive.
    At Keene Mill Elementary School in Springfield, all their poems and stories are typed. Children in Fairfax County schools are taught keyboarding beginning in kindergarten. Older students who never mastered handwriting say it doesn’t affect their grades.
    There are those who say the culture is at a crossing, turning from the written word to the typed one. If handwriting becomes a lost form of communication, does it matter?
    It was at University Virginia that researchers recently discovered a previously unknown poem by Robert, written in his unique script. Handwritten documents are more valuable to researchers, historians say, because their authenticity(真实性) can be confirmed. Students also find them more fascinating.
    The loss of handwriting also may be  a cognitive(认知的) opportunity missed. Several academic studies have found that good handwriting skills at a young age can help children express their thoughts better—a lifelong benefit.
    It doesn’t take much to teach better handwriting skills. At some schools in Prince George’s County, elementary school students use a program called Handwriting Without Tears for 15 minutes a day. They learn the correct formation of manuscript letters through second grade, and cursive letters in third grade.
    There are always going to be some kids who struggle with handwriting because of their particular neurological(神经系统的) writing, learning issues or poor motor skills. Educators often point to this factor in support of keyboarding.
    小题1:What is the author concerned about after 2012 Sat exams?
    A．Keyboarding.B．Shorthand.C．Handwriting.D．Block letters.
    小题2:A poem by Robert mentioned in the passage is used to ____________.
    A．prove how valuable handwriting is
    B．explain what a famous poet he is
    C．show how unique his poem is
    D．stress how fascinating the documents are
    小题3:The example of Handwriting Without Tears helps to argue that _____________. 
    A．the schools are responsible for the loss of handwriting
    B．the loss of handwriting is a cognitive opportunity missed
    C．it doesn’t take much to teach better handwriting skills
    D．the culture is turning from the written word to the typed one
    小题4:According to the author, when is a perfect time to learn handwriting?
    A．Kindergarten.B．Primary school.
    C．High school.D．College.
    小题5:What is the author’s attitude towards this debate? 
    A．Devotion.B．Encouragement.C．Critical.D．Objective.

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