Question

A. Attention must be paid to environmental factors.

B. Principles of curing cancers.

C. It will take long to find perfect cures.

D. An important discovery in the research.

E. The causative factor of cancer is very clear.

F. The survival rate differs among patients with various cancers.

1.___________

“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,” he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur. He discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available. ”

2.____________

This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2020, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging—13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas (胰腺) .

3.___________

With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from universe rays to radiation to diet may activate an inactive gene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.

4.____________

The exact process involved is still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,” says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medicine against universe rays.”

5.____________

The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter. “First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells, which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can reduce its action. ”

 

Answer 1

【答案】

 

1.C

2.F

3.D

4.A

5.B

【解析】

试题分析：本文主要讲述了人类在癌症治疗方面的诸多信息，有癌症治疗的方法和原则，以及癌症治疗方面的研究的突破等。

1.C 根据本段最后一句He discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available. ”可知也会很多年以来才会找到治愈癌症的方法。故C正确。

2.F 根据本段最后2行For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging—13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas (胰腺) . 可知不同的癌症的存活率是不一样的。故F正确。

3.D 根据本段2，3,4行The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells.可知本段是关于癌症治疗方面的一个重大发现。故D项符合上下文。

4.A 根据本段最后一句Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medicine against universe rays.” 可知我们在研究癌症的时候，必须要把环境的因素考虑在内。故A正确。

5.B 根据本段中的First, ……Second….可知本段讲述的是治疗癌症要遵循的原则和方法。故B正确。

考点：考察健康类短文阅读