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4.London has seen the appearance of the world's first subway.In 1863,the government was looking for a way to reduce traffic problems in the city of London.The poor areas of the city were so crowded with people that it was almost impossible for horse carriages(the taxis of those days) to get around.The city officials were interested in trying to make it possible for workers to live outside of London and travel easily to work each day.If people had a cheap and convenient way that they could depend on to get to and from work,they would settle down outside of the city.This would help ease the pressure of too many people living in the poor parts in London.From these problems,the idea of the London underground,the first subway system,was born.
The plans for building the underground met with several problems and delays,but the first track was finally opened in January 1863.A steam train pulled the cars along the first underground track which was six kilometers (3.7miles) long.About 30,000people got on the subway the first day.Riders were treated to comfortable seats (standing up while the train was moving was not allowed)and pleasant decorations inside each of the cars.
However,the smoke from the engine soon filled the air in the tunnels with ash and black powder,as well as chemical gases.Fans had to be put in the tunnels later to keep the air clean enough for people to breathe.Even with its problems,riding the underground did become popular.It carried nine million riders in its first year.
Modern subways have come a long way since the early days of the London Underground.Today there are 94large underground rapid transit systems around the world.The busiest of these subway systems is the Tokyo Metro which opened in 1927.This efficient subway has two billion riders per year,and"pushers"work on the platforms during busy traffic hours to help push riders onto trains.At times,subway cars have been packed with up to 300people!Shopping malls built in high traffic stations where riders move from one train to another have also helped the popularity of subways in Tokyo.Many stations underground department stores,supermarkets,restaurants,and specialty shops.Shoppers never have to go above ground!

13.What problems led the British government to build the London Underground?C.
A.Pollution and overcrowding
B.Traffic jams and pollution
C.Overcrowding and traffic jams
D.The subway problems
14.The last paragraph is mainly aboutB.
A.the London Underground today
B.the Tokyo subway
C.subways with subways
D.problems with subways
15.What is probably the best title for this passage?C.
A.The Subway Nowadays
B.The Popularity of the Subway
C.Subway Then and Now
D.The First Subway.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们介绍了地铁的发展历程,介绍了从前与现在的地铁的区别,以及不同国家地铁的不同.

解答 13.C  细节理解题,根据第一段In 1863,the government was looking for a way to reduce traffic problems in the city of London可知伦敦政府建造伦敦地铁是为了减少伦敦的城市交通问题,故选C.
14.B  细节理解题,根据最后一段Shopping malls built in high traffic stations where riders move from one train to another have also helped the popularity of subways in Tokyo.可知作者在最后一段中主要向我们介绍了东京地铁,故选B.
15.C  主旨大意题,通读全文可知作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了地铁的发展历程,介绍了从前与现在的地铁的区别,故选C.

点评 考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力.做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确选择.在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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