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    A successful scientist is generally a good observer.  He makes full 36  of the facts he observes.  He doesn’t accept ideas which are not  37   on obvious facts,  and therefore refuses to accept authority as the only   38   for truth.  He always  39    ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.
    The rise of    40    science may perhaps be considered to    41   as far back as the    42    of Roger Bacon,  the wonderful philosopher of Oxford,  who live    43    the years 1214 and 1292.  He was probably the first in the Middle    44    to suggest that we must learn science    45    observing and experimenting on the things around us,  and he himself    46   many important discoveries.
    Galileo,  however,  who lived more than 300 years later (1564-1642),  was the greatest of several great men,     47    in Italy,  France,  Germany,  or England,  began by    48    to show how many important    49    could be discovered by observation.  Before Galileo,  learned men believed that large bodies fell more    50    towards the earth than small ones,     51    Aristotle said so.  But Galileo,  going to the    52     of the leaning Tower of Pisa,  let fall two  53    stones and proved Aristotle was wrong.  It was Galileo’s    54    of going direct to Nature,  and proving our    55    and theories by experiment,  that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.
    小题1:
    A．useB．timeC．speedD．trust
    小题2:
    A．workedB．basedC．livedD．written
    小题3:
    A．reasonB．causeC．adviceD．result
    小题4:
    A．thinksB．checksC．hasD．learn
    小题5:
    A．naturalB．physicalC．ancientD．modern
    小题6:
    A．dateB．keepC．lookD．take
    小题7:
    A．studyB．timeC．yearD．birth
    小题8:
    A．bothB．eachC．betweenD．among
    小题9:
    A．SchoolsB．AgesC．DaysD．Count
    小题10:
    A．inB．withC．onD．by
    小题11:
    A．didB．madeC．tookD．gave
    小题12:
    A．whoB．whenC．thatD．where
    小题13:
    A．waysB．degreesC．levelsD．chance
    小题14:
    A．truthsB．problemsC．peopleD．subjects
    小题15:
    A．slowlyB．rapidlyC．lightlyD．heavily
    小题16:
    A．althoughB．becauseC．whenD．If
    小题17:
    A．placeB．footC．topD．ceiling
    小题18:
    A．bigB．smallC．equalD．unequal
    小题19:
    A．spiritB．skillC．theoryD．discovery
    小题20:
    A．plansB．opinions C．worldD．ability

    小题1:A
    小题2:B
    小题3:A
    小题4:B
    小题5:D
    小题6:A
    小题7:B
    小题8:C
    小题9:B
    小题10:B
    小题11:B
    小题12:A
    小题13:B
    小题14:A
    小题15:B
    小题16:B
    小题17:C
    小题18:D
    小题19:A
    小题20:B

    试题分析：本文主要以某些科学家他们的做法为例来说明观察和实验在科学发现中的重要性，科学真理必须以事实为根据，必须通过实践来检验。
    小题1:考查名词及语境的理解。 A. use 使用；B.time时间；C.speed速度；D. trust相信。make use of 利用;使用；make full use of 充分利用。根据A successful scientist is generally a good observer.他充分利用他观察到的任何事实，故选A。
    小题2:考查动词及语境的理解。A. worked 工作；B.based基础；C.lived 居住；D.written写。be based on/upon 以……为基础；基于…….根据He makes full 36 of the facts he observes.他不能接受不以事实为依据（be based on/upon）的观点，故选B。
    小题3:考查名词及语境的理解。A.  reason原因；B.cause原因；C.advice建议；D.result结果。reason 能够对一个事物的发生或它的性质作出解释的东西；它与for连用；cause 是导致一个事物发生的条件或原因。它与 of连用.根据句子意思，是指“不能接受某种权威来说明真理的合法性”，应用reason。故选A。
    小题4:考查动词及语境的理解。A. thinks认为；B.checks 检查；C.has 有；D.learn学会。check. v. 证明无误, 核对无误。意思最恰当。他总是要检查一下这个观点并且做很多实验来证明它，故选B。
    小题5:考查形容词及语境的理解。A. natural 自然的；B.physical 物理的；C.ancient古代的；D.modern现代的。根据最后一句话中has led to all the discoveries of modern science. 的modern science“现代科学”，此处选modern意思最恰当。故选D。
    小题6:考查动词及语境的理解。 A. date日期；date back 词组，意为“回溯至”。 B.keep 保持；C.look 看；D.take拿。现代科学的时代最远能追溯到（date back）培根时代，故选A。
    小题7:考查名词及语境的理解。 A. study 学习；B.time n. 这里指“时代，年代”。C. year 年；D.birth出生。现代科学的时代最远能追溯到（date back）培根时代（time），故选B。
    小题8:考查代词及语境的理解。A.  both  两者都；B.each每个；C.between与and连用，表示“在……和……之间”;D.among表示三者以上。培根生活在1214-1292期间，故选C。
    小题9:考查名词及语境的理解。A. Schools学校； B.Ages，The Middle Ages n.中世纪；中古时代，专有名词。C.Days天；D.Count计数；他可能是中古时代（he Middle Ages）的第一个让我们通过对我们周围事物的观察和实验来学科学，故选B。
    小题10:考查介词及语境的理解。by + doing 表示“通过做……（的途径）”，惯用法；with + sth 表示“用……（来做……）”。他可能是中古时代的第一个让我们通过对我们周围事物的观察和实验来学科学，故选B。
    小题11:考查动词及语境的理解。make, do 与名词有固定搭配关系：do + one’s best / one’s duty / sb a favour / harm / good /…；make + a discovery / an appointment / arrangements / a bed / a change / a decision…这里是make discoveries他自己有了很大的发现，故选B。
    小题12:考查连词及语境的理解。 A. who引导定语从句修饰 great men ； B.when在定语从句中只能作状语；C.that 不能引导非限制性定语从句； D.where在定语从句中只能作状语；根据句意故选 A。
    小题13:考查名词及语境的理解。A. ways 方法；B.degrees， by degrees 词组，相当于副词，意为：逐渐地。C.levels 水平；D.chance机会。伽利略逐渐地显示出通过观察而得到的事实是多么地重要，故选B。
    小题14:考查名词及语境的理解。 A. truths 事实；B.problems问题；C. people人们； D. subjects学科。根据上文意思，He doesn’t accept ideas which are not on obvious facts应为：truths. 事实, 真理, 原理，故选A。
    小题15:考查副词及语境的理解。 A. slowly慢慢地；B.rapidly迅速地； C.lightly轻轻地； D.heavily重重地。rapidly. adv. 快，迅速地。意思最恰当。根据常识在伽利略以前有学问的科学家都认为大的物体比小的物体落地要快，故选B。
    小题16:考查连词及语境的理解。A.  although 尽管；B.because因为； C.when当……时候； D.If如果。根据句子意思，应为because conj. 因为在伽利略以前有学问的科学家都认为大的物体比小的物体落地要快，因为亚里士多德是这样说的，故选 B。
    小题17:考查名词及语境的理解。 A.  place地方；B. foot脚； C. top顶部；D. ceiling天花板。根据常识但是伽利略走到比萨的斜塔的顶部，拿着两个不等重量的石头，要证明亚里士多德是错误的，故选C。
    小题18:考查形容词及语境的理解。A. big大的；B. small小的； C. equal相等的；D.unequal不等的。根据上文Before Galileo,  learned men believed that large bodies fell more        towards the earth than small ones, Aristotle said so. 可知他必须拿着不同大小的球做实验来证明，故选D。
    小题19:考查名词及语境的理解。A. spirit精神；B. skill 技术； C. theory 理论；D. discovery发现。spirit of going direct to Nature对自然不断探索的精神。 science spirit 科学精神；world spirit时代精神, 世界潮流。根据上文可知伽利略对自然不断探索的精神，故选A。
    小题20:考查名词及语境的理解。A. plans计划； B. opinions 意为“观点”，“通过实验证明我们的观点和理论”。 C. world世界； D. ability 能力。通过实验来证明我们的观点和理论，从而导致了现代科学的出现，故选B。 
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    Release date: Nov 2,2012 (Wi-Fi version)
    Operating system: iOS 6
    Size: 19.9 x 13.5 x 0.7 cm
    Prices: $329 (16GB Wi-Fi), $429 (32GB Wi-Fi), $519 (64GB Wi-Fi), or $459 (16GB Data)
    $559 (32GB Data), $659 (64GB Data)
    Google may have been forced to cancel its Android event in New York City on Oct 29 due to the threat of hurricane Sandy, but that isn't stopping it from making same big announcements. For starters, Google has confirmed (证实）that the Nexus 10 will be running Android 4.2 out of the box, so get excited. It will also come equipped with a 10-inch display running at an impressive 2560x1600 resolution. On the inside, it'll have a A15 dual-core (双核）processor running alongside 2GB of RAM(内存)，so expect the Nexus 10 to be a speedy little tablet. Google's Nexus 10 Release date: Nov 13，2012 Operating system: Android 4.2 Jelly Bean Size: 26.4 x 17.8x0.9 cm Prices: $399 (16GB), $449 (32GB)
    Microsoft's Surface is a bold product with some great touches. It doesn't feature a camera and focuses on Office software, which suggests Microsoft is focusing this product on an executive toy. There's no 3G connection (only Wi-Fi) so owners won't have to worry about an extra contract.
    The real delight, however, is Metro, the impressive navigation interface (导航界面).It is beautifully designed with brightly colored squares for navigation. Pre-orders for Surface in the US sold out over the weekend, so it would seem customers are excited.
    Microsoft's Surface
    Release date: Oct 26,2012
    Operating system: Windows 8 RT
    Size: 27.5 x 17.2 x 0.9 cm
    Prices: $499 (32GB M-Fi)
    小题1:What can be inferred from the first paragraph?
    A．The three biggest companies made a new product together.
    B．A technology has been introduced to tablet industry.
    C．The three companies launched their new products nearly at the same time.
    D．The tablet market, in October was out of control.
    小题2:What is the 7.9-inch iPad Mini's major contribution to the customers?
    A．Wi-Fi versionB．Operating system
    C．Prices D．Size
    小题3:How many technologies will be introduced to the Nexus 10 according to Google?
    A．6B．5C．4D．3
    小题4:Which tablet with 32GB Wi-Fi is the most expensive?
    A．Microsoft's Surface.B．Apple's iPad Mini.
    C．Google's Nexus 10.D．A15 dual-core processor.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    People diet to look more attractive．Fish diet to avoid being beaten up，thrown out of their social group，and getting eaten as a result．That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists．
    　　The research team have discovered that subordinate(低一等的) fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors．"In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals，a male and female，had breeding（繁殖）rights within the group，" explains Marian Wong．"All other group members are nonbreeding females，each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitor．We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation．"
    　　The reason for the size difference was easy to see．Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor，it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group．More often than not，the evicted fish is then eaten up．
    　　It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish．Whether they did so voluntarily，by restraining how much they ate，was not clear．The research team decided to do an experiment．They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened．To their surprise，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights，over having a feast．
    　　The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group．Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves，so keeping their competitors small．
    　　While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious，Dr．Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understand how hierarchical（等级的）societies remain stable．
    　　The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans．"As yet，we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature，" the researchers comment．"Data on human dieting suggests that，while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness，rarely does it improve long-term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females' own ideal．"
    小题1:When a goby grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor，it _________．
    A．leaves the group itselfB．has breeding rights
    C．eats its competitorD．faces danger
    小题2:The underlined words "the evicted fish" in Paragraph 3 refer to _________．
    A．the fish beaten up B．the fish driven away
    C．the fish found outD．the fish fattened up
    小题3:The experiment showed that the smaller fish _________．
    A．fought over a feastB．preferred some extra food
    C．challenged the boss fishD．went on diet willingly
    小题4:What is the text mainly about?
    A．Fish dieting and human dieting．B．Dieting and health．
    C．Human dieting．D．Fish dieting．

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