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19.By analyzing academic data from 10states,representing the testing of more than 7.2millions of youths,U.S.researchers found that gender differences in math scores were extremely small among all ethnic groups in grades 2-11.
These findings are in contrast to earlier results from 1990that indicate measurable differences favoring males in complex problem-solving,beginning in the high school years.
Janet Hyde from University of Wisconsin and colleagues reported their study results in the journal Science on Friday.
Currently,women are largely absent from the highest levels of careers in mathematics,the physical sciences,and engineering.In the United States,Ph.D.programs in engineering currently average only about 15percent women,and similar statistics have led to stereotypes (成见)about girls and women lacking in mathematical ability.
Now,it is clear that the general population no longer shows a gender difference in mathematical skills,according to this latest report.
And this new data on academic performance in the United States shows that students are tested frequently on"recall"and"skill/concept"items,but rarely on"strategic thinking"(战略思维) or"extended thinking"concepts.
If standardized tests do not assess (评估)the sorts of reasoning that are   crucialto careers in science and math,then the skills may not be taught,putting American students at a disadvantage to students in other countries where testing and instruction focuses on more challenging content."This is a gap that should be fixed,"Hyde said.

61.What is the best title of the passage?B
A.A new study result about math.
B.No gender differences in math.
C.Girls are not good at math.
D.Girls do better in math than boys.
62.Earlier research resultsB.
A.are the same as that of this latest report
B.indicate that boys are much better in complex problem-solving than girls
C.indicate that girls are much better in complex problem-solving than boys
D.are completely wrong
63.The underlined word"crucial"in the last paragraph most probably meansC.
A.necessary     B.unimportant     
C.important     D.cruel
64.What Hyde said in the last paragraph means thatB.
A.standardized tests should assess the sorts of reasoning so that the skills may be taught
B.testing and instruction focuses on more challenging content in the USA
C.students in other countries are cleverer than American students
D.students should be tested frequently on"recall"and"skill/concept"items
65.The passage is most probably taken fromD.
A.a science magazine    B.a research paper  
C.a personal diary      D.a newspaper.

分析 本文属于说明文的短文阅读.文章介绍了通过以前的调查发现,女生在高难度的数学题的解决方面要远远落后于男生;而最新的研究发现,在数学上根本就不存在性别差异.

解答 61-65 BBCBD
61.B.标题判断题.这是一篇科普类的研究报告,该类型文章的主题一般在第一段揭示.第一段的"…researchers found that gender differences in math scores were extremely small."即是文章的主题句,下文都是围绕该发现进行解释和说明,由此可以看出,B项最符合语境.
62.B.细节理解题.由第二段的内容可以看出,这次的研究发现和早期的研究发现相反(in contrast to):measurable differences favoring males in complex problemsolving,男孩子在解决复杂的数学问题上很有优势.由此可知B项正确.
63.C.词义推断题.由后面的"…putting American students at a disadvantage to students in other countries…",这些没有评估的方面对于学生未来的职业是很重要的,也就是说,该词和important同义.故选C.
64.B.推理判断题.根据最后一段"testing and instruction focuses on more challenging content.‘This is a gap that should be fixed,'Hyde said."可以看出在美国测试和教学应该更多侧重于具有挑战性的内容;故B项正确.
65.D.文章出处推断题.从文章描述的内容来看,文章既有最新的调查发现,又有各方对此的评论,还有和以前截然不同的发现结果的比较,由此可以看出,文章应该来自一份报纸.故选D.

点评 对于科教类的短文阅读要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系,结合自己的生活常识和经验,再通过逻辑推理和判断,理解文章的言外之意,从而揭示文章的深层涵义.

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The Labor Department said Tuesday that job openings rose 1percent to a seasonally adjusted=3.93million.That is the highest figure since March 2008,three months after the Great Recession (萧条) began.
And the number of workers who quit rose 2.5percent to 2.39million,the most since October 2008.More workers quitting can signal a healthy job market,because most of those people likely either have a new job or are confident they can find one.
Total hiring,though,slipped 2.6percent to 4.5million after reaching a five-year high in September.Still,overall hiring has risen 5.2percent in the past year.
More hiring,job openings and quits point to a more dynamic job market.That trend creates more opportunities for people out of work or looking for a new job.
Another positive sign in the report:Layoffs (临时解雇) plunged 16percent to 1.47million,the lowest level on records dating to 2001.Still,while fewer layoffs are welcome,businesses need to step up hiring to more quickly reduce the still-high unemployment rate of 7percent.
Job openings remain just below the 4million figure that is thought to be consistent with a healthy job market.
The job market remains competitive,even though the competition is easing.There were 2.9unemployed people,on average,for each available job in October.That's down from a ratio (比率) of nearly 7to 1in July 2009,just after the recession ended.In a healthy economy,the ratio is typically 2to 1.
Other recent reports show that businesses are adding jobs at a solid,steady pace.Employers added 203,000positions in November,the government said Friday.The unemployment rate fell to a five-year low of 7percent.Job gains have now averaged about 200,000for the past four months.
Those figures reflect net payroll gains-the number of people hired minus those who were laid off,quit or retired.Tuesday's report on job openings and labor turnover provides more details than the monthly employment report.
59.How long did the Great Recession last according to the passage?B
A.About one year.
B.About one and a half years.
C.About five years.
D.About eight and a half years.
60.What does it seem to show that more people leave their jobs?C
A.It is the sign of more layoffs.
B.It is the effect of the recession.
C.It reflects a better employment situation.
D.It reflects a more competitive job market.
61.We can infer from the passage thatA.
A.over 200,000jobs might be provided in December
B.over three people compete for one job nowadays
C.October saw more people unemployed than September
D.1.47million people were unemployed in 2001
62.What does the passage lead the readers to believe?C
A.The US has a healthy economy now.
B.The US has a satisfying unemployment rate now.
C.The US is bringing back its economy now.
D.The US is changing its employment policy now.

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