分析 在亚马逊河和奥利诺科河沿岸,居住着一种鸟,这种鸟在会飞前在河里游泳;飞起来像是一只肥肥的鸡;吃绿叶;有个像牛一样的胃并且在没长大时有在翅膀上长有爪子.它们在河上4.6米高的地方筑巢,这个重要特征是为了确保幼鸟的安全.这鸟的名字是麝雉.
从外观上看,雄鸟和雌鸟长的很相像,背上都是棕色的,下面都是乳白色和红色的.头很小,在头顶上有一大块羽毛,明亮的红眼睛,蓝皮肤.跟麝雉最近血缘关系的是平常的一种鸟,叫做杜鹃.它的最明显的特征,只是在年幼时才被发现.
麝雉幼鸟的爪子一个长在翅膀的前缘,一只长在翅膀尖.用这四只爪子和喙,它们可以在灌木丛中攀爬,看起来非常像原始的鸟类做的事情.当麝雉的幼鸟学会飞翔后,它们的爪子就不存在了.
在十二月和次年的三月的干旱期内,麝雉通常以20至30为一群在森林里飞翔.但是到了四月份雨季来临的时候,为了繁衍,它们就以二到七只这样更小的单位聚集在一起..
解答 28.D 推理判断题.根据四段大意,第一段"Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly…"引出介绍麝雉,第二段"In appearance,the birds of both sexes look very much alike…"介绍了麝雉外貌特征,第三段"Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing.."介绍了年幼的麝雉外貌特征变化,第四段"During the drier months between December and March hoatzins…"介绍了麝雉旱季和雨季的活动,根据四个段落大意可知,本篇文章是关于麝雉这种鸟的外貌以及生活习性,D选项符合题意.A选项只在第四段"During the drier months between December and March hoatzins…"提及,用来概括整篇文章内容,有些片面,故排除.B选项只在第二段最后一句提及"Its nearest relatives are the common birds,cuckoos.Its most striking feature,though,is only found in the young.",用来概括整篇文章内容,过于片面,故排除.C选项中primitive birds 在文中没有介绍,只是在第三段一个句子中提及"looking very much like primitive birds must have done.",用来概括整篇文章内容,也过于片面,故排除.故选D.
29.B 细节理解题.根据第三段第一句以及第三句"Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip.""When the young hoatzins have learned to fly,they lose their claws."可知,年幼的麝雉有爪子,长大会飞之后就没有了,所以幼鸟与其父母之间的不同是,幼鸟翅膀上有爪子,故选B.
30.A 推理判断题.根据第三段"Using these four claws,together with the beak(喙),they can climb about in the bushes,looking very much like primitive birds must have done."可知,幼鸟用四只爪子和喙,可以在灌木丛中攀爬,看起来非常像原始的鸟类,原始鸟类有爪子,并用爪子攀爬.故选A.
31.D 细节理解题.根据最后一段最后一句"when the rainy season begins,they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes."可知,在雨季,为了繁衍,麝雉以二到七只这样更小的单位聚集在一起,故选D.
点评 本文介绍了麝雉及其外貌特征和生活习性,其中幼鸟外貌有很大不同.题目涉及多道细节理解题,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性地找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断题,在抓住关键句子的基础上进行合理正确的分析,切记胡乱猜测,做到有理有据.
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