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In the American family the husband and wife usually    1    important decision making. When the children are old enough, they take part    2    . Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness(宽容)of American parents. The old rule that" children should be seen and not heard” is rarely    3    , and children are often    4    to do what they wish without strict parental    5    . The father seldom expects his children to obey him    6    question, and children are encouraged to be independent    7    an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom    8    far. Others think that a strong father image(形象)would not    9    the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to    10    their parental families by the time they have   11    their late teens or early twenties.    12   , not to do so is often regarded as a failure, a kind of   13    .

This pattern of independence often results in serious    14    for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live    15    the age of 70. The job retirement age is    16    65. The children have left home, married, and    17    their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes.

   18   the major problem of many elderly couples is not   19    . They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation(职业)    20    a close family group.

1. A. share                         B. have

C. exchange                     D. hold

2. A. either                           B. though

C. as well                       D. also

3. A. discussed                    B. followed

C. seen                        D. heard

4. A. asked                           B. made

C. said                         D. allowed

5. A. control                      B. support

C. agreement                    D. criticism

6. A. for                          B. on

C. without                    D. in

7. A. in                        B. at

C. on                        D. for

8. A. too                          B. almost

C. nearly                        D. quite

9. A. fit                        B. meet

C. suit                        D. satisfy

10. A. break up              B. break into.

C. break through           D. break away from

11. A. reached                      B. got

C. arrived                    D. developed

12. A. In truth                      B. In name

C. Indeed                    D. In a word

13. A. heavy                      B. light

C. strong                    D. weak

14. A. questions                        B. problem

C. matters                      D. affairs

15. A. to                          B. till

C. from                       D. beyond

16. A. only                           B. usually

C. sometimes                  D. seldom

17. A. set forth                    B. set aside

C. set up                     D. set down

18. A. But                         B. Therefore

C. In contrast                    D. On the other hand

19. A. local                        B. national

C. political                      D. economic

20. A. or                           B. nor

C. and                         D. but

 

答案:A;C;B;D;A;C;B;A;C;D;A;C;D;B;D;B;C;A;D;B
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Consult the page adapted from an English dictionary and do Questions 45–48.
root1 /ru:t/ n [C]
1 ?PLANT? the part of a plant or tree that grows under the ground and gets water form the soil: Be careful not to damage the roots when repotting.| tree roots —see picture at germinate
2 ?CAUSE OF A PROBLEM? the main cause of a problem: Money is the root of all evil.| be/lie at the root of (="be" the cause of a problem) Often allergies are at the root of a lot of the problems.| get to the root of (="find" out the cause of a problem) | root cause (="the" main reason for a problem)
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2 ?PLANT? a) [I] to grow roots: New shrubs will root easily in summer.b) [T usually passive] to fix a plant firmly by its roots: The bush was too firmly rooted in the hard earth to dig up easily.| root itself Clumps of thyme had rooted themselves between the rocks.—see also deeply rooted (deeply (5))
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root sth ? up phr v [T] to dig or pull a plant up with its roots
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Consult the page adapted from an English dictionary and do Questions 45–48.

root1 /ru:t/ n [C]

1 ►PLANT◄ the part of a plant or tree that grows under the ground and gets water form the soil: Be careful not to damage the roots when repotting.| tree roots —see picture at germinate

2 ►CAUSE OF A PROBLEM◄ the main cause of a problem: Money is the root of all evil.| be/lie at the root of (=be the cause of a problem) Often allergies are at the root of a lot of the problems.| get to the root of (=find out the cause of a problem) | root cause (=the main reason for a problem)

3 ►OF A CUSTOM/TRADITION◄ roots the origins of a custom or tradition that has continued for a long time: has its roots in Jazz has its roots in the folk songs of the southern states of the US.

4 ►OF AN IDEA/BELIEF◄ the main part of an idea or belief which all the other parts come from: be/lie at the root of Foucault is challenging the very root of 20th century liberalism.

5 ►FAMILY CONNECTION◄ sb’s roots your con- nection with a place because you were born there, or your family used to live there: Naita has come to Ghana in search of her roots.

6 put down roots if you put down roots somewhere, you start to feel that this place is your home and to have relationships with the people there

7 ►TOOTH/HAIR ETC◄ the part of a tooth, hair etc that fixes it to the rest of your body

8 take root a) if an idea takes root, people begin to accept or believe it: The concepts of democracy and free trade are finally beginning to take root.b) if a plant takes root, it starts to grow where you have planted it

9 have a (good) root round informal especially BrE to search for something by moving other things around

10 root and branch if you destroy something root and branch, you get rid of it completely and permanently because it is bad

11 ►LANGUAGE◄ technical the basic part of a word which shows its main meaning, to which other parts can be added: The suffix ‘ness’ can be added to the root ‘cold’ to form the word ‘coldness’.—compare stem1 (4)

12 ►MATHEMATICS◄ technical a number that when multiplied by itself a certain number of times, equals the number that you have: 2 is the fourth root of 16.

         —see also cube root, square root, grass roots

root2 v

1 ►SEARCH◄ [I always + adv/prep] to search for something by moving things around: [+ through/in/ around] “Hang on a second,” said Leila, rooting through her handbag for a pen.| [+ for] pigs rooting for food

2 ►PLANT◄ a) [I] to grow roots: New shrubs will root easily in summer.b) [T usually passive] to fix a plant firmly by its roots: The bush was too firmly rooted in the hard earth to dig up easily.| root itself Clumps of thyme had rooted themselves between the rocks.—see also deeply rooted (deeply (5))

3 be rooted in to have developed from something and be strongly influenced by it: policies that are rooted in Marxist economic theory

4 be rooted to the spot to be so shocked, surprised, or frightened that you cannot move

         root for sb phr v [T] informal 1 to give support and encouragement to someone in a competition, test or difficult situation, because you want them to succeed: Good luck – we’ll all be rooting for you! 2 especially AmE to support a sports team or player by shouting and cheering: We’ll all be rooting for the Dallas Cowboys in the Superbowl.

         root sth ↔ out phr v [T] 1 to find out where a particular kind of problem exists and get rid of it: Racism cannot be rooted out without strong government action.2 informal to find something by searching for it: I’ll try and root out something suitable for you to wear.

         root sth ↔ up phr v [T] to dig or pull a plant up with its roots

1.What’s meaning of the word “roots” in the sentence “Many Americans have roots in Europe.”?

         A.The underground part of a plant.       B.One’s connection with a place.

         C.The origins of a custom or tradition.      D.The main cause of a problem.

2.What’s the fourth root of 81?

         A.27.  B.9.    C.6.    D.3.

3.Which phrase can complete the sentence “Do you think it is possible to ____ crime?”

         A.root for                B.root out               C.root up                D.root through

4.In which of the following situations can we use the phrase “be rooted to the spot”?

         A.A bush is so firmly rooted in the ground that it is difficult to pull it up.

         B.A football fan got excited when his favorite football team scored a goal.

         C.A girl became too scared to walk when she caught sight of a long snake.

         D.A man is unable to walk because he was caught in a car accident years ago.

 

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