Bruce Alberts, the former President of the National Academies (USA), has now taken over as Editor-in Chief of Science. Judging by his editorial in this week’s issue Considering Science Education there could be some interesting times ahead in Science offices.
Here’s part of what Bruce has to say about science education…
I consider science education to be critically important to both science and the world, and I shall frequently deal with this topic on this page. Let’s start with a big-picture view. Science has greatly advanced our understanding of the natural world and has enabled the creation of countless medicines and useful devices. It has also led to behaviors that have improved lives. The public appreciates these practical benefits of science, and science and scientists are generally respected, even by those who are not familiar with how science works or what exactly it has discovered.
But society may less appreciate the advantage of having everyone acquire the ways of thinking and behaving that are central to practice of successful science: scientific habits of mind. These habits include a critical attitude toward established claims and a stro
ng desire for logic and evidence. As famous astronomer Carl Sagan put it, science is our best detector (检测器). Individuals and societies clearly need a means to logically test the constant clever attempts to operate our purchasing and political decisions. They also need to challenge what is unreasonable, including the intolerance that led to so many regional and global conflicts.
So how does this relate of science education? Might it be possible to encourage, across the world, scientific habits of mind, so as to create more rational (理性的) societies everywhere? In principle, a strong expansion of science education could provide the world with such an opportunity, but only if scientists, educators, and policy-makers redefine (重新定义) the goals of science education, beginning with college-level teaching. Rather than only conveying what science has discovered about the natural world, as is done now in most countrie
s, we should provide first all students with the knowledge and practice of how to think like a scientist.
【小题1】 Which of the following is NOT included in the “scientific habits of mind”?
| A．A critical attitude toward established claims. | B．A strong desire for logic. |
| C．A clever and active mind. | D．A strong desire for evidence. |
| A．To create more rational societies everywhere. |
| B．To relate decision-making to science education. |
| C．To encourage science education around the world. |
| D．To set right goals of science education. |
| A．Offering all students enough practice to drill their mind. |
| B．Equipping all students with a thinking model of a scientist. |
| C．Telling students what science has discovered about the natural world. |
| D．Advising all students to challenge all established scientific achievements. |
| A．Bruce Alberts, a great science educator |
| B．Science education and world peace |
| C．The government and science education |
| D．Bruce Alberts’ opinion on science education |
备战中考寒假系列答案科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：
18. —Bruce was killed in a traffic accident.
— _____I talked with him yesterday morning!
A. What a pity! B. I beg your pardon?
C. Sorry to hear that. D. Is that so?
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
The telephone rang in the police station at
“Just a minute, we’ll come 33 . Please stay there and wait，” answered the policeman.
Within a minute, a police car and an ambulance 34 . Soon they got to the 35 , but only to 36 everything was fine. No collision, no 37 man.
“What a dirty trick！” said the policeman 38 . “We must find out that mischievous（恶作剧的） 39 and.”
They had not been able to say anything about a punishment 40 they heard the whistle of a train: the train was nearing them quickly. All 41 a sudden, a truck appeared. It came fast towards them, too. 42 it was passing the crossing, it suddenly refused to move on. Right then and there, before the eyes of all the people present, the train collided with the truck heavily and struck it 43 meters away.
When Randolph Bruce, the driver was 44 out of the damaged truck, he was 45 hurt just 46 the young woman had foretold on the phone. As he was taken to the 47 in time, he was saved at last.
Later the policemen did 48 they could to find the woman who had telephoned them, but 49 .
It is 50 that a prophecy（预言）should coincide（巧合）with the fact so exactly.
31. A. ambulance | B. truck | C. car | D. bus |
| B. sweet | C. gentle | D. low |
| B. ahead | C. soon | D. later |
| B. set off | C. got there | D. came on |
| C. station | D. crossing | |
| B. find | C. have | D. tell |
| B. trapped | C. frightened | D. killed |
| B. excitedly | C. angrily | D. disappointedly |
| B. policeman | C. woman | D. boy |
| B. since | C. while | D. when |
| B. of | C. by | D. for |
| B. Where | C. That | D. Which |
| B. dozens | C. dozen of | D. dozens of |
| B. helped | C. pushed | D. forced |
| B. clearly | C. hardly | D. badly |
| B. so | C. before | D. for |
| B. market | C. hospital | D. sidewalk |
| B. which | C. however | D. whatever |
| B. worked | C. stopped | D. failed |
| B. surprising | C. satisfied | D. satisfying |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2014届安徽安庆望江四中高三第一学期第一次月考英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Prince William and the Duchess of Cambridge's new son will be named George Alexander Louis, the royal family says. A statement from William and Catherine's settlement Kensington Palace said the baby, third in line to the throne(王位), would be known as His Royal Highness Prince George of Cambridge.
On Wednesday the royal couple took their son to Catherine's parents' house in Berkshire, following a half-hour visit by the Queen. All three names had been among the favourites listed by British bookmakers and the announcement was relatively quick by royal standards. It took a month for the name of Prince Charles, the heir to the throne, to be announced, and a week for William, his eldest son.
George has been the name of six British kings. The last, George VI, was the father of Queen Elizabeth II and reigned from 1936 to 1952. Alexandra, the female form of Alexander, is one of the Queen's middle names and was also the name of the Queen mate of King Edward VII at the start of the last century. Louis is one of William's middle names and was the given name of Prince Charles's tutor and great-uncle Louis Mountbatten, who was murdered by the IRA in 1979.
The choice of name, relatively short by royal standards, does not necessarily mean the baby will eventually become King George VII. The Queen's father was named Albert, but chose to be crowned as George VI.
"It's interesting that they chose to go with just three names," historian Suzannah Lipscomb told Sky News. "It's almost as if the royal family is coming down with ordinary people, who tend to have fewer middle names than monarchs(君主).It is a name that none can find any problems with. George itself can't be shortened in any obvious offensive way. They've probably gone for something that is safe."
1.Which of the following statements can best sum up the passage ?
A. New royal baby named George Alexander Louis
B. The royal couple gave birth to their eldest son.
C. The choice of name was interesting and complicated .
D. The new baby, third in line to the throne .
2.From the passage we can know the father of the new royal baby is ____.
A. Catherine B. George. C. Charles D. William
3.Which of the following is True based on the whole passage ?
A.. Prince Charles was the third heir to the British throne.
B. George Alexander Louis was the third heir to the British throne.
C. The announcement of the new loyal baby’s name is slow by royal standards.
D. All three names , George Alexander Louis, were unpopular with British bookmakers.
4.The underlined word “reign” in paragraph 4 probably refers to ______
A. resign B. boom C. govern D. retire
5.From what Suzannah Lipscomb told Sky News , we can infer in Britain _____
A. the name of an ordinary person is simple but meaningful .
B. George itself can't be simplified in any obvious offensive way.
C. a monarch or a prince has usually more names in the middle than the ordinary people.
D. a person with more middle names must be a monarch or a prince .
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科目：高中英语 来源：2014届陕西省汉中市洋县实验学校高三第一次月考英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tire. It sounds absurd. But a years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲劳). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.
So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired?
Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情绪的) attitudes. One of England’s most outstanding scientists, J.A. Hadfield, says, “The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further. He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”
What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated---those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.
1. What surprised the scientists a few years ago?
A. Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer’s blood.
B. Albert Einstein didn’t feel worn after a day’s work.
C. The brain could work for many hours without fatigue.
D. A mental worker’s blood was filled with fatigue toxins.
2.According to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired?
A. Challenging mental work. B. Unpleasant emotions.
C. Endless tasks. D. Physical labor.
3.What’s the author’s attitude towards the scientists’ idea?
A. He agrees with them. B. He doubts them.
C. He argues against them. D. He hesitates to accept them.
4. We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic, sitting workers need to ___________.
A. have some good food. B. enjoy their work
C. exercise regularly D. discover fatigue toxins
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科目：高中英语 来源：2014届浙江省高二下学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
August was one of the nastiest months I can remember: torrential rain; a hailstorm or two; cold, bitter winds; and mists. But we are accustomed to such weather in England. Lord Byron used to say that an English summer begins on July 31 and ends on Aug. 1. He called 1816 "the year without a summer." He spent it gazing across Lake Geneva, watching the storms, with 18-year-old Mary Shelley. The lightening flickering across the lake inspired her Frankenstein, the tale of the man-made monster galvanized into life by electricity.
This summer's atrocious weather tempted me to tease a Green whom I know. "Well, what about your weather theory now?" (One of the characteristics of Greens is that they know no history.) He replied: "Yes, this weather is unprecedented. England has never had such an August before. It's global warming, of course." That's the Greens' stock response to anything weather-related. Too much sun? "Global warming." Too little sun? "Global warming." Drought? "Global warming." Floods? "Global warming." Freezing cold? "Global warming."
I wish the great philosopher Sir Karl Popper were alive to denounce the unscientific nature of global warming. He was a student when Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity was first published and then successfully tested. Einstein said that for his theory to be valid it would have to pass three tests. "If," Einstein wrote to British scientist Sir Arthur Eddington, "it were proved that this effect does not exist in nature, then the whole theory would have to be abandoned."
The idea that human beings have changed and are changing the basic climate system of the Earth through their industrial activities and burning of fossil fuels--the essence of the Greens' theory of global warming--has not much basis in science. Global warming, like Marxism, is a political theory of actions, demanding compliance with its rules.
Those who buy in to global warming wish to drastically curb human economic and industrial activities, regardless of the consequences for people, especially the poor. If the theory's conclusions are accepted and agreed upon, the destructive results will be felt most severely in those states that adhere to the rule of law and will observe restrictions most faithfully. The global warming activists' target is the U.S. If America is driven to accept crippling restraints on its economy it will rapidly become unable to shoulder its burdens as the world's sole superpower and ultimate defender of human freedoms. We shall all suffer, however, as progress falters and then ceases and living standards decline.
1. The writer of the passage is probably _______.
A．one of the “Greens”
B．an American
C．not quite a believer in Global Warming
D．an environmentalist
2.Which person(s), in the writer’s eyes, is the one he agrees with?
A．Karl Marx B．Sir Karl Popper C．The Greens D．Mary Shelley
3.Sir Arthur Eddington could be inferred as a ______.
A．politician B．poet C．Greenpeacer D．physicist
4.“denounce” in the third paragraph can be replaced by ______.
A．announce B．pronounce
C．speak out for D．speak out against
5. Which of the following is probably a good title for this article?
A．Why Einstein’s Theory Stands the Tests.
B．Which Country the “Greens” Are Attacking?
C．Global Warming? I See Little Point.
D．The Climate in England and beyond.
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