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    Louis Pasteur, the famous French chemist and bacteriologist(微生物学家), invented “pasteurization”. In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille, and it was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries. Lille was a major center for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh. At that time, it was believed that food and drinks go “bad” due to a purely chemical process. But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms(微生物)caused food and drinks to go bad. In the case of wine and beer the organisms are already present in the form of the various yeasts (酵母) that caused the fermentation(发酵) process. Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer. He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air, and that they too would keep fresh much longer if they were kept in airtight containers.
    The heating process was so successful that it made Pasteur famous. It was named “pasteurization” in his honour, and by about 1900 it had been widely used for processing and bottling cows’ milk. The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea(婴儿腹泻)and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products. This simple process has saved thousands, possibly millions, of lives worldwide.
    小题1:Pasteur became ___________ in 1854.
    A．the chairperson of the science department at the University of Lille
    B．the director of a chemical laboratory at the University of Lille
    C．the general manager of a large beer-making company
    D．the president of the University of Lille
    小题2:According to the passage, Lille was a major center for ___________ in the mid-19th century.
    A．growing grain cropsB．making beer and wine
    C．doing chemical researchD．producing various kinds of yeasts
    小题3:In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, the underlined word “they” refers to ___________.
    A．wine and beerB．food and drinks C．the various yeastsD．other organisms
    小题4:We can infer from the passage that Pasteur’s discovery __________.
    A．is no longer widely used for treating milk and other food products
    B．did not bring much profit to the wine makers in Lille
    C．has done a lot of good to children in the world
    D．has greatly reduced the number of wars in the world
    小题5:According to the passage, we know it is        that causes food and drinks to go bad.
    A．a purely chemical process.B．tiny living organisms(微生物)
    C．keeping them in airtight containers.D．the heating process

    小题1:A
    小题2:B
    小题3:B
    小题4:C
    小题5:B

    试题分析：文章介绍Louis Pasteur通过实验证明微小的活的微生物会让食物变质，如果要保鲜食物和饮料可以将它们放在真空的容器中，这项发现对孩子的健康有很大好处。
    小题1:细节题：从文章第一段的句子：In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille,可知Pasteur在1854年的时候，成为Lille大学科学系的主席，选A
    小题2:细节题：从第一段的句子：可知Lille大学在19世纪是制作啤酒和烈性酒的中心。Lille was a major center for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh.选B
    小题3:猜词题：从第一段的句子：He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air,可知食物和饮料会被空气中的微生物弄坏，而它们如果放在真空的容器中就会保鲜，they指的是食品和饮料，选B
    小题4:推理题：从文章第二段的句子：The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea(婴儿腹泻)and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products.可以推断出：Pasteur 的发现对世界上的儿童有很大的好处，选C
    小题5:细节题：从第一段的句子：But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms(微生物)caused food and drinks to go bad.可知微小的活的微生物会让食物变质，选B
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    The Friendship Bench has been such a success at Palm Bay Elementary that other schools are now interested in installing one too. “There’s a saying in my teacher’s classroom,” Acacia said. “It says, ‘it you can dream it, you can achieve it.’”
    小题1:What is the function of the first sentence in Paragraph One?
    A．To explain the meaning of getting benched is sports.
    B．To introduce the important role “bench” plays in sports.
    C．To introduce what the author wants to say in the text to us.
    D．To tell us that the passage is connected with the word “bench”.
    小题2:What can be learned about Acacia from the passage?
    A．She is disabled but leads an active life.
    B．She has a deep understanding of life.
    C．She finds it difficult to achieve her goals.
    D．She finds herself always in need of help.
    小题3:Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
    A．Acacia has also suffered from other kids’ bullying.
    B．The kids who sit on the bench feel they need friends.
    C．Grown-ups are allowed to offer their help to the one in need.
    D．The Friendship Bench is different from others in the arm sets.
    小题4:What can we infer from the passage?
    A．More Friendship Benches will be installed in other schools soon.
    B．Students stop bullying other schoolmates at Palm Bay Elementary.
    C．The students at Palm Bay Elementary have become more friendly.
    D．Acacia has become a very important figure at Palm Bay Elementary.
    小题5:What is the best title of this passage?
    A．Acacia’s New Invention
    B．The Friendship Bench
    C．Help from a Special Bench
    D．Getting Benched in School

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