6．Sometimes having a teenager at home can be a real headache．Many teenagers smoke，drink，wear strange hairdos and even fight．Basically，they are often taking risks．
Earlier studies have shown that teenagers are more likely to make  irrational decisions than people from any other age group，including children and adults．Is it that teenagers are too young to tell right from wrong？Not really．So what explains their risky behavior？
According to Laurence Steinberg，a professor at Temple University，US，the reason is that teens care a lot about how their peers （同龄人） view them-that's the effect of"peer influence"，reported Science Daily．
As children enter their teenage years，they spend more time with their friends and classmates and also become more sensitive to their feedback （反馈）．This sensitivity drives teenagers to concentrate on the short-term benefits of making risky choices and overlook the costs．
In a test，a group of teenagers were asked to play a video driving game．When they played with their friends watching，they took more chances and drove more carelessly because that would increase their possibility of winning．But when they played alone，they tended to drive more safely．
Why does pressure from peers have such a big influence on teens'behavior？
As Steinberg sees it，a teenager's brain is like a car with a good accelerator （油门） but a weak brake （刹车）．The"accelerator"，the brain's ability to notice the benefits of things，is fully developed by teenage years while the"brake"，the brain part related to controlling impulses （冲动） and long-term thinking，is still immature．When teens are under the pressure of being judged by their peers，they tend to push hard on the accelerator．Given how weak the brake is，it is likely that they are going to end up in a crash．
But the good news here，according to Steinberg，is that a violent teenager doesn't necessarily become a violent adult．About two-thirds to three-quarters of violent youth grow out of it．"They get more self-controlled，"Steinberg told Live Science．
Also，people who haven't committed a violent crime by age 19are less likely to start doing it later，added Steinberg．

41．The underlined word"irrational"in the second paragraph is closest in meaning toA．
A．crazy        B．quick     
C．careful      D．independent
42．Why are teenagers likely to take risks according to the text？C
A．They are too young to tell right from wrong．
B．They are eager to challenge themselves．
C．They care a lot about what their peers think of them．
D．Their brains are more sensitive to thrilling events．
43．How does Steinberg explain the influence of peer pressure on teens'behavior？C
A．By performing an in-depth analysis．
B．By giving examples．
C．By using a metaphor （比喻）．
D．By presenting research findings．
44．According to the text，with peers around them，teenagers tend toD．
A．use more self-control
B．become more careful about what they do
C．perform better than when they are alone
D．focus more on short-term benefits
45．What can we conclude from the text？B
A．Those who love taking risks are more likely to commit violent crimes．
B．The majority of teenagers become less violent when they grow up．
C．Violent teenagers often grow to be adults who cannot control themselves well．
D．People who are over 19years old are less likely to commit a crime than teenagers．

5．Many French academics，teachers and parents complain because they feel that intellectual levels are falling rapidly!The figures prove it：young people visit museums less，spend their lives chatting on the Internet，read nothing but Stephen King，while watching American soaps such as Friends or reality shows like Star Academy on television，music player glued to their cars，and the games console handy．
It is，however，easy to see these habits  in a positive light．Music is the favorite leisure activity：86% of 14-to18-year-olds put it at the top of their activities，above the cinema（71%），clubbing（68%），sport（56%） and television（48%）．For 90% of young people aged 14to 18，radio is also very popular：they listen to it every day without exception．International popular music has a strong showing，but songs in French are still in the majority（60%）．
Young people do，of course，watch a lot of television，but less than their elders，and if they tend to choose mostly soaps and reality TV shows，that is because these are the programs people talk about，which encourages social interaction．Do young people read less than they used to？Maybe，but that's also true of the elders．Young people still read more than their elders．When asked，"Do you like reading？"，94% of 14-to-18-year-olds say they do，and 81% are convinced that computers will never replace books．
Contrary to popular belief，reading continues to occupy an extremely important place in leisure-time activities，but the reading matter young people choose has changed considerably：there is a greater variety of media（computers and new technologies） and young people admit to taste they would perhaps have been ashamed of in the past．For example，comic strips，Stenphen King or other authors not recognized by mainstream culture，such as Betty Mahmoody （Not Without My Daughter），Mary Higgins Clark or Jostein Gaader （Sophie's World）．As Beatrice Toulon，Editor in Chief of the magazine Phosphore，see it，"They don't read the same things as their parents did，but they are not afraid to admit it．They have their own culture，which they flaunt（炫耀） openly!"

51．The underlined part"in a positive light"in Paragraph 2can best be replaced byC．
A．in the long term
B．during the daytime
C．from an optimistic angle
D．beyond reasonable doubt
52．Which activity is the most popular with young French people？A
A．Music．
B．Sport．
C．Cinema．
D．TV．
53．We can infer that young French peopleB．
A．are ashamed of their tastes
B．are proud of their own culture
C．share their parents'tastes in reading
D．admit that they read less than their parents
54．What is the author's attitude towards intellectual levels in France？D
A．Worried．
B．Doubtful．
C．Uninterested．
D．Approving．
55．Which of the following can be best title for the passage？C
A．The Future of Books
B．More Books，Less TV
C．Young People and Culture in France
D．Young People and Their Elders in France．

4．The Process of Ageing
At the age of twelve years，the human body is at its most vigorous．It has yet to reach its full size and strength，and its owner his or her full intelligence； but at this age the possibility of death is least．Earlier，we were infants and young children，and consequently more vulnerable （易受伤的）； later，we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigour and resistance which，though vague at first，will finally become so steep that we can live no longer，however well we look after ourselves，and however well society，and our doctors，look after us．
This decline in vigour with the passing of time is called ageing．It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries which we all make that we must decline in this way，that if we escape wars，accidents and disease we shall eventually"die of old age"，and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person，so that there are heavy odds in favor of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty．Some of us will die sooner，a few will live longer----on into a ninth or tenth decade．But the chances are against it，and there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive，however lucky and physically strong we are．
Normal people tend to forget this process unless and until they are reminded of it．We are so familiar with the fact that man ages，that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigour with time，of becoming more likely to die the older we get，was something self-evident，like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing-out of a pair of shoes．They have also assumed that all animals，and probably other organisms such as trees，or even the universe itself，must in the nature of things"wear out"．
Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do，if given the chance to live long enough； and mechanical systems like a wound （上发条的） watch，or the sun，do in fact an out of energy in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics （热力学）．But these are not similar or equivalent to what happens when man ages．A run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound．An old watch，by contrast，becomes so worn and unreliable that it eventually is not worth mending．But a watch could never repair itself-it does not consist of living parts，only of metal，which wears away by friction （摩擦）．We could，at one time，repair ourselves-well enough，at least，to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents．Between twelve and eighty years we gradually lose this power，an illness which at twelve would knock us over，at eighty can knock us out，and into our grave．If we could stay as vigorous as we are at twelve，it would take about 700 years for half of us to die，and another 700 for the survivors to be reduced by half again．
74．What can be learned from this passage is thatD．
A．people usually are unhappy when they are reminded of ageing
B．children reach their full intelligence at the age of twelve years
C．people are usually more likely to die at the age of twelve years
D．our first twelve years represent the peak of human development
75．The underlined word"it"in the last sentence of Paragraph Two refers toC．
A．remaining alive until 65                B．dying before 65 or after 80
C．remaining alive after 80                D．dying between 65 and 80
76．What does"ageing"mean according to the passage？B
A．It is a fact that people cannot live any longer．
B．It refers to a gradual loss of vigor and resistance．
C．It is usually a phenomenon of dying at an old age．
D．It is a period when people are easily attacked by illness．
77．What do the examples of the watch refer to in the last paragraph？D
A．Normally people are quite familiar with the ageing process．
B．The law of thermodynamics functions in the ageing process．
C．All animals and other organisms undergo the ageing process．
D．Human's ageing process is different from that of mechanisms．

3．I was fairly new to this particular school since my parents only moved to the area．There was a boy，who，as it turned out，was an orphan and was living and working for a small farming family．He didn't appear at first glance to ever be fully engaged（专注） in the school learning process；he would sit quietly，never seem to get any attention from the teacher，and would spend a lot of time staring out of the window just behind him．
Over the next few weeks，I got to know this boy while playing outside in the schoolyard playing baseball，or soccer．He was very athletic and very good at anything we played．I started to wonder why he didn't seem to do well in school and why the teacher ignored him．
He told me he had been in several foster （收养） homes since he was a little boy and that most of his time in the last few years had always been on farms．He said he was made to work before he went to school and as soon as he got home until it was time for bed．He was never given a chance to go out and play，nor was he allowed to have any friends although he told me he really didn't have any friends anyway，because he was an orphan and they did not want anything to do with him．
I had never before been acquainted with prejudice of any kind．Here was one characteristic of a human being who through no fault of his own carried a label that prevented him from even having friends as a child．His potential was also being ignored by the teacher．It wasn't that he couldn't learn，or didn't want to-it was because he wasn't encouraged or in some cases，allowed to．
We may all meet people through the years that we tend to apply labels （标签） to without really taking the time to get to know them，to discover their real potential because our vision is clouded by how we always put people into pigeon holes that we are used to or comfortable with．
24．What was the first impression that the boy gave the author？B
A．He was a troublemaker in class．
B．He was not drawn into learning．
C．He often played outside in the schoolyard．
D．He tried to get his teacher's attention．
25．The main idea of the third paragraph isC．
A．how the boy became homeless
B．that the boy's family was very poor
C．why the boy didn't have any friends
D．who made the boy work day and night
26．The boy's potential was ignored becauseD．
A．He worked hard．B．He liked playing baseball．．
C．He was athletic．D．He was an orphan．
27．What does"pigeon holes"in the last paragraph refer to？A
A．specific categoriesB．a group of friends
C．special schoolsD．animals'homes．

2．For a long time being happy was considered something that just happened，and there was nothing special about it．Now we know that getting along with other people is something that we can work at．It is possible to act in such a way that other people will like us better．One way is being unselfish，not wanting everything from our friends．Another way is to look for good points，not bad ones in other people．It is surprising how successful this treasure hunt can be．
You don't have to be spineless（没有骨气的） in order to be popular．In fact，you will be liked and respected if you are not afraid to stand up for your rights．But do it politely and pleasantly．Being friendly and polite to your group，to other people and to strangers and especially to those who do not look important or do not interest you is one way to develop a good character．
You can not expect to be perfect，and you must learn not to be unhappy when you make mistakes．Everyone makes mistakes，and no one is to be blamed unless he refuses to learn from them．Many young people become discouraged when they know in themselves qualities that they do not like-selfishness，laziness，and other unpleasant qualities．Just remember that we all have some of these faults and have to fight against them．
At the same time，it is important to remember that，while you are probably no worse than others，the best way to be happy is to think yourself above other people．When something is wrong，it is good sense to try to make it right．Perhaps you don't like a teacher or a classmate．Try to see why and look at yourself，too，to be sure that you are not doing anything to make that person dislike you．Some day，things may turn out all right and then you will have to learn to get along the best with situation，without thinking too much about it．Worrying never helps in a situation you can't change．
51．One of the two ways the author suggested for us to get along with others isD．
A．to draw attention of our friends
B．to demand the best share of everything
C．to look for treasure in order to be successful
D．to pay more attention to other people's good points
52．According to the passage，if one wants to be popular he has toA．
A．be polite and friendly
B．give up some rights
C．avoid arguing with other people
D．be ready to change his or her character
53．The passage shows that there is no perfect person but everyone should be blamed if heC．
A．is no better than others
B．is selfish and lazy
C．does not draw a lesson from his own fault
D．is very happy about his unpleasant quality
54．The passage implies that in order to be a happy person，one should consider oneselfC．
A．no better than others
B．not the same as others
C．as having something better than others
D．as having better chances than others
55．The purpose for the writer to write the passage is toB．
A．train you to be perfect
B．show you the way to be happy
C．tell you how to act when you dislike a person
D．teach you how to be popular among your friends．

1．
Asia TEFL and the Far Eastern English Language Teachers'Association
14^th Asia TEFL International Conference and 11^th FEELTA International Conference
invite proposals for their joint conference on language teaching and learning：
"Connecting Professionally on ELT in Asia：
Crossing the Bridge to Excellence"
to be held on 30June-2July，2016at
The Far Eastern Federal University，Vladivostok，Russia
CALL FOR PRESENTATIONS
Conference Description
The 14th Asia TEFL and 11th FEELTA international conference places emphasis on working towards special skills or knowledge in English Language Teaching through being connected professionally in Asia and worldwide．Professional networks link teachers from a variety of educational contexts，helping to develop research，advance skills and update knowledge．We invite educators，scholars and policy makers to cooperate and share teaching theories，excellent teaching ideas and relevant practices．
The meaning of the"bridge"in our theme is inspired by the place of the conference．The university campus is located on Russky Island"across the bridge"from the mainland．It also refers to new horizons and perspectives in the field of ELT that we discover when we"cross the bridge"to explore pioneering teaching ideas and stimulating experiences．
Conference Subtopics
We invite papers on the following subtopics in ELT：
•ELT curriculum and design
•Materials writing
•Teacher education and professional development
•Teaching literature and the arts
•Interpreting and translation
•Global Issues in Language Education
Types of Presentations
All presentations will be given in English．Presenters are encouraged to hand in full papers of their presentation to the Journal of Asia TEFL to be considered for publication．
•Papers：30minutes
•Workshops：60minutes
•Poster presentations：displayed all day----presenters are expected to stand by their posters ready to explain and discuss them，for 60minutes．
•Group discussions：90minutes
Proposal Submission （提交）
Materials to be submitted：
•a title of up to ten words
•an abstract of not more than 200words
•a self-introduction of not more than 60words
All proposals must be submitted online through the link：http://feelta．wl．dvfu．ru/asiatefl-feelta-2016
•Presentation submission opens：November 1，2015
•Deadline for submission：February 29，2016
Questions about proposal submission can be addressed to Larisa Krainik，Abstract Committee Chair：feeltacon@gmail．com

70．What does the expression"Crossing the Bridge to Excellence"in the title imply？C
A．Exploring pioneering teaching ideas and stimulating experiences．
B．the process from knowledge to skills on language teaching and learning．
C．inviting proposals about new horizons and perspectives in the field of ELT．
D．Coming from every country in the world to the Far Eastern Federal University．
71．The joint international conference will be held toD．
A．be connected professionally in Asia and worldwide
B．call for presentations of the educators，scholars and policy makers
C．work towards special skills or knowledge in English Language Teaching
D．provide a chance for teachers to cooperate and share theories，ideas and practices
72．According to the passage，what can be learned from the conference？D
A．How to achieve good results in the English exams．
B．Effective communication skills among teachers．
C．How to help teachers to share research skills．
D．Effective teaching approaches and theories．
73．It can be inferred from the passage thatB．
A．the presentations are most likely to have been published during the conference
B．all presentations must be submitted formally online within the required time
C．presenters can only choose to take part in one of the types of presentations
D．presentations are required to be explained to the participants publicly．

20．Soup on my nose，a nearly spilled glass of wine and chocolate down my white blouse，as blind dates suggest，this was a really messy one．I have never made so much noise with plates and glasses，nor had I dined with a never-before-met companion．This blind date was quite different：we could see nothing．"Put your left hand on my shoulder，and then we'll take small steps forward，"said Michael，the visually impaired（视力障碍的） server，in an East London accent．We three felt our way carefully bumping past heavy curtains before being arranged at the dining table，where we would eat and drink three completely secret and unseen courses．
Welcome to Alchemy in the Dark，Hong Kong's first full-time restaurant in total darkness．Upon arrival，diners briefly tell the chef on their allergies（过敏性反应），lock away their mobile phones and enter the windowless restaurant，which can seat 25．When the meal is over，the contents of the delicious menu are shown---often to the diners'surprise．"This is definitely duck，"my friend said，while eating chicken．"This soup，"I declared，"is carrot and coriander．"Even the too-close smell did not reveal the real tomato and cumin flavors．Dining in the dark changes everything：the sense of smell is heightened，manners go out of the window---using your hands to feel around the plate becomes normal---and there is a strange thrill in being able to ignore your facial expressions．Best of all？You don't have to spend hours beforehand（事先） wondering what to wear．
Alchemy in the Dark is at 16Arbuthnot Road，Central，（tel.6821 2801）and is open Monday to Saturday，from 7pm to 11pm．Reservations are required．A three-course meal with wine pairing costs HK$700per person．Five per cent of all profits go to the Hong Kong Society for the Blind．
29．How did the author and her companion arrive at their dining table？B
A．By using a map               
B．By being led
C．By feeling their way．
D．By finding it by themselves
30．According to passage，which of the following is true？C
A．The diners might eat what they are allergic to．
B．The author enjoyed a special lunch at Alchemy in the Dark．
C．The restaurant donated some money to the H．K Society for the Blind．
D．The diners aren't allowed to take phones to the restaurant at any time．
31．From the passage we can learn that the authorA．
A．had the table booked
B．shared the meal with a friend．
C．practiced how to eat in total darkness．
D．chose her clothes in advance for the meal．
32．The last paragraph is intended toD．
A．present some facts about eating in the dark．
B．inform what to do at Alchemy in the Dark
C．conclude the experience of eating at Alchemy in the Dark．
D．provide some information about Alchemy in the Dark．

19．A Special Appointment
Years ago I moved to Woodland Hills to take a job in a small hospital's emergency department．No one wanted to work on Christmas Eve，so the shift（轮班） went to me．I kissed my family goodbye and went off to spend the night in the hospital．It was a thankless job．
At 9pm，the ambulance brought in a man in his 60s who was having a heart attack．His face was pale，and he was frightened．The whole night I did my best to save his life．Before I left in the morning to spend Christmas with my family，I stopped by to see how he was doing．It was still tough，but he had survived the night and was sleeping．
The following year I got Christmas Eve duty again．At 9pm sharp，the ward clerk told me there was a couple who wanted to speak with me．When I approached them，the man introduced himself as Mr．Lee and said，"You probably don't remember me，but last Christmas Eve you saved my life．Thank you for the year you gave me．"He and his wife hugged me，handed me a small gift，and left．
The following year a new doctor had joined the group，but I wanted to see if Mr．and Mrs．Lee would return．This time，I volunteered for the shift．I kept an eye on the door．Once again，at exactly 9pm，the Lees appeared，carrying a warmly wrapped bundle．It was their new grandchild．Mr．Lee，his family and I spent 13Christmas Eves together．In the later years the staff all knew about the story and would work to give me time with him in the break room，where we spent a half-hour each Christmas Eve．
The last year I saw him，he brought me a gift．I carefully opened the package and found a crystal （水晶） bell inside．It was engraved （镌刻） with a single word：Friendship．Now，my family，friends and I ring that bell every Christmas Eve at exactly 9pm and offer our best wishes to the man who we won't forget．

21．Working on Christmas Eve was considered"a thankless job"becauseD．
A．most patients were seriously ill
B．patients refused to express thanks
C．doctors had nothing to do on that day
D．doctors couldn't get praise for the hard job
22．When the author left the hospital the next morning，Mr．LeeA．
A．was still in a state of danger
B．was really angry with her
C．got ready to leave the hospital
D．recovered from his heart attack
23．According to the passage，the author formed a habit ofC．
A．celebrating Christmas Eve with her family
B．giving Christmas gifts to the hospital staff
C．spending Christmas Eve with Mr．Lee in hospital
D．ringing the bell for patients in the emergency department
24．Why does the author ring the bell on Christmas Eve？C
A．To honor her working experience．
B．To tell kids the traditional custom．
C．To remember an old friend of hers．
D．To show the beginning of the holiday．

18．It is widely acknowledged that nearly every kid might come across some kind of school bullying，however，the age at which kids first fall victim to bullying （欺侮） could influence how strongly they are affected，suggests a new study．And，surprisingly，it is not the youngest kids who are hurt the most in the long term．
Bullying can have long-lasting effects，but particularly when it begins in adolescence，the researchers say．People subjected to either verbal （ 口头的）or physical bullying are known to be at greater risk of developing depression，anxiety disorders or to behave violently．But not everyone reacts in this way．
Children bullied for the first time before they hit adolescence seem to get over it，but those who are bullied for the first time later on in adolescence seem to become more aggressive or are more likely to turn to drink as a means of coping．These are the conclusions of psychologist Matthew Newman and colleagues from the University of Texas at Austin，US．
The team gave questionnaires to nearly 1，500 college students regarding their experience of physical and psychological bullying before adolescence--before high school--and in late adolescence--at high school．They assessed mood and mental state，judging by signs of anxiety or depression，such as sleeplessness．The group was also questioned about how they would react to certain challenges，such as humiliation．
People who were bullied all revealed slightly higher levels of stress．But while those bullied earlier in life seemed to respond normally to provocation （煽动），people bullied for the first time late in adolescence are more withdrawn and sensitive to violence．
There are also sex differences between those bullied for the first time during adolescence，with females more likely to react aggressively when provoked and males are much more likely to turn to alcohol to escape bad situations．
The best solution in all cases was strong social support，whether from friends，family or school．Those with no one to share their problems with suffered the most．
So perhaps it is best not to shelter children completely from bullying early on，suggests Newman．"They may get stressed，but unhealthy coping really jumps out when they are bullied for the first time later on．"
28．What determines the degree of bullying's effect on people according to the study？C
A．The reason why they are bullied．
B．The place where they are first bullied．
C．The age at which they are first bullied．
D．The person who first bullies them．
29．What may happen to those first bullied later on in adolescence according to Newman and his colleagues？A
A．Some are likely to be more aggressive．
B．They seem to easily get over the effect of bullying．
C．Most of them will respond to bullying normally．
D．Most of them are afraid of sharing their problems．
30．What does the underlined word"humiliation"in Paragraph 4 mean？B
A．Carrying out an important plan．B．Being made to feel ashamed．
C．Trying hard to survive an accident．D．Feeling hopeless in an emergency．
31．The sex differences between people bullied for the first time during adolescence are reflected in．C
A．the support they get from the society                   
B．the effect bullying has on them
C．the way they react to provocation                 
D．the type of bullying they receive．

17．The story of Juno and Lucas is one of the mos t touching stories about the amazing relationship between humans and their companion animals．
Juno is a Belgian Malinois（比利时马犬）．The dog was beautiful but was given up by its owners，as they did not want to take on the responsibility．
Lucas，a little boy，had a strange illness，a condition that stops the body's ability to process enzymes（酶）．As his life continues，he will lose the ability to speak and his physical and mental abilities will degrade till he is left in a vegetative（植物人的）state．The average life expectancy for the patients is 15 years．
Chester，the boy's father，wanted his child to enjoy his life on earth as much as possible and looked into getting a service dog for the child．However，Lucas wasn't a good candidate due to his deteriorating（恶化的）abilities，not to mention the $15，000 cost of the animal．
Not terrified by all of this，Chester looked into adopting a dog for his son．He found Juno on a website and drove two hours to meet her．Chester had worked with the breed（品种） in the police force and was familiar with how to train them．He put in patience and hard work，and trained Juno while allowing her to become accustomed to Lucas．Now，not only will Juno not leave Lucas'side，she is also helping with his illness．Chester said，"She has the ability to notice his neurological changes．Now she reminds us when Lucas is about to have a seizure（疾病发作） or if his oxygen levels drop really low．She has saved him several times．"
Companion animals are beautiful things and they establish a bond that can't be described without experiences．I know that I held my adopted dog a little closer after hearing this story．There are a lot of dogs out there that need good homes and that won't be as lucky as Juno．So，if you think you're prepared，you should consider giving one a nice home．
24．Chester wanted to find a service dog toC．
A．protect Lucas from being injured      
B．help the boy recover from the disease
C．accompany Lucas to enjoy his time left 
D．show their love for the beautiful dog
25．Chester got the dog Juno byD．
A．asking for help from the police force   
B．donating a lot of money
C．picking it up near the house          
D．searching on the Internet
26．Which of the following statements is NOT true？D
A．The author has also adopted a dog and loves it．
B．Juno has gained some skills accompanying Lucas．
C．Chester was very satisfied with Juno's performances．
D．Lucas recovered from the disease accompanied by Juno．
27．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？B
A．Unlucky boy，lucky dog        
B．A love for a dog，a companion for a boy
C．A faithful friend-Juno         
D．Love me，love my dog．