14．In the past a gentleman would offer his seat （61）toa lady on a crowded bus．But now，he will probably look out of the window or hide behind his newspaper，（62）leaving   （leave） the lady standing （63）untilsomeone else gets off．You can't entirely blame men for this change in manners．（64）Gone （go） are the days when women could be referred to as the weak．A whole generation has grown up demanding  （65）equality（equal） with men in jobs，in education and in social life．Hold a door for some women （66）andyou are likely to get（67）anangry lecture on treating women （68）asweaklings．Take a girl out for a meal and she'll probably insist on paying （69）hershare of the bill．All these，according to some sociologists，will change men's attitude towards women and the conventional active politeness is perhaps slowly being （70）replaced（replace） by true consideration for the needs and feeling of women，so that men can see women as equal human beings．

13．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
This term our school offer more than 10courses，from what we can choose．All of us take greatly interest in them．Our most favorite are English songs，speaking English，arts and so on．Some say they have learned a lot that is not teaching in textbooks and they have got lot of practice．They hope more courses will be offered so their homework should be less．Thus，they can gain all kinds of knowledges and learn more about what is going ahead in the world．

12．When I was in junior high school，I was really a bad boy．My history teacher-Mr Oven criticized me a lot because I was naughty in his class．By the end of the first semester，I'd had enough of his words and had decided that I would get my revenge on him．
The opportunity arose one morning when Mr．Oven was called to the office for a certain reason．While Mr．Oven left，my company Billy and I grabbed Mr．Oven's lunch bag from under his desk．I opened his sandwich and placed a bug in between the two slices of bread．We put it back and closed it．To keep it in memory，Billy took photos of the whole process．We laughed for weeks over this．
Well，it all went south during Thanksgiving break．Billy's mother found the pictures in his room，and demanded that he should tell her where these pictures were from．Billy told his mother the whole story，and Mr．Oven was informed．Not only was I punished from school for two weeks，but also I was kicked off the football and basketball team．Before I could return to school，I had to turn in a 1000-word essay on what I did and why I did that．I really felt embarrassed every time I saw Mr．Oven in the hallway for the rest of the school year．I felt a little regret that Mr．Oven left our school the next year．

21．Mr．Oven criticized me a lot becauseB．
A．I didn't go to his class          
B．I disobeyed his rules in class
C．I didn't answer his questions     
D．I was naughty in my homework
22．How can you imagine Mr．Oven would act when he had his lunch？C
A．He would be glad to eat his delicious sandwich with the bug．
B．He would eat it as usual when he had his sandwich．
C．He would cry out，shocked that the bug lay in his sandwich．
D．He would be very hungry when he found the bug in his sandwich．
23．The underlined sentence"Well，it all went south during Thanksgiving break．"in Paragraph 3probably meansA．
A．It was not until Thanksgiving break ended that the secret was let out．
B．All the students left on Thanksgiving break．
C．All the students went south on Thanksgiving break．
D．Billy and I went south during Thanksgiving break．
24．Which one was NOT true according to the article？C
A．He had to be punished to leave school for two weeks．
B．He was kicked off the football and basketball team．
C．He had to eat the sandwich he had made for Mr．Oven．
D．He had to write a 1000-word essay to acknowledge his mistake．

11．Upon reaching an appropriate age，usually between 18and 21years，children are encouraged，but not forced，to"leave the nest"and begin an independent life．After children leave home they often find social relationships and financial support outside the family．Parents do not arrange marriages for their children，nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married，Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States； young adults meet their future spousesthrough other friends，at jobs，and in organizations and religious institutions，Although children choose their own spouses，they still hope their parents will approve of their choices．
In many families，parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves．A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another career．Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to assert their independence．A son may deliberately decide not to go into his father's business because ofa fear that he will lose his autonomy in his father's workplace．This independencefrom parents is not an indication that parents and children do nt love each other．Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self-reliance and independence．
56．The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to showC．
A．they choose their spouses according to their own wishes only
B．they want to win the permission of their parents
C．they have a strong desire to become independent
D．they want to challenge the authority of their parents
57．Most young adults in the U．S．get married for the sake ofA．
A．love　　
B．financial concern
C．their parents　　
D．family background
58．Based on the passage，it can be assumed thatC．
A．American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parents
B．most American people never make major decisions for their children
C．American young adults posses cultural values of independence
D．once a young person steps into his twenties，he will leave his home permanently
59．A son is unwilling to work in his father's business mainly becauseB．
A．he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in school
B．he wants to prove his independence
C．he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve of
D．he wants to show his love for his parents．

10．Advice to"sleep on it"could be well founded，scientists say．After a good night's sleep a problem that couldn't be solved the night before can often appear more manageable，although the evidence（证据）until now has been personal experience．But researchers at the University of Luebek in Germany have designed an experiment that shows a good night's sleep can improve insight（洞察力）and problem-solving．
"If you have some newly-got memories in your brain，sleep acts on these memories and rebuild them，so that after sleep the insight into problem which you could not solve before increases，"said Dr Jan Born，a neuroscientist（神经病学专家）at the university．To test the theory，they taught volunteers two simple rules to help them turn some numbers into a new order．There was also a third，hidden rule，which could help them increase their speed in solving the problem．The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups：half were allowed to sleep after the training while the rest were forced to stay awake．Dr Jan Born and his team noticed that the group that had slept after the training were twice as likely to figure out the third rule as the other group．"Sleep helped，"Born said in a telephone interview．"The important thing is that you have to have a memory representation in your brain of the problem you want to solve and then you sleep，so it can act on the problem．"But Born admitted that he and his team don't know how rebuilding of memories occurs or what governs it．Pierre Maquet and Perrine Ruby of the University of Liege in Belgium said the experimental evidence supports the suggestions that sleep can help develop creative thinking．Although the role of sleep in human creativity will still be a mystery，the research gives people good reason to fully respect their periods of sleep，they added．

60．The underlined phrase"sleep on it"in Paragraph 1probably meansA．
A．to delay deciding something until the next day
B．to get as much sleep as possible
C．to go on sleeping without being disturbed
D．to sleep till after the time you usually get up in the morning
61．Jan Born and his team carried out the experiment throughA．
A．comparison       B．interview       
C．survey           D．imagination
62．It can be inferred from the passage thatC．
A．people should sleep so long as they have time
B．sleep is the only way to solve hard problems
C．people have various periods of sleep   
D．people know how sleep rebuilds memories
63．What would be the best title for the passage？B
A．How Sleep Works．                 B．Sleep Helps Solve Problems．
C．No Evidence，But Well Founded．   D．Born's Discovery on Sleep．

9．At present，in many American cities expecially，many teachers in the public schools say they are underpaid．They point to jobs such as secretary or truck driver，which often pay more to start thanthatof a teacher．In many other fields，such as law，medicine，computer science，a beginning worker may make more than a teacher who has taught for several years．
         Teaching has never been a profession that attracted people interested in high salaries．It is by history a profession that has provided rewards in addition to money-the satisfaction of sharing knowledge，of influencing others，of guiding young people．But in the past several years，there are more difficulties in teaching，for many，than there are rewards．
    Unruly students，especially in big cities，large classes and a lack of support from the public in terms of money and understanding have led many public school teachers to leave the profession．
         As a result，many of the best students，who would have chosen teaching as their life career in the past，are going into other fields．
         Another reason for this change in teacher candidates is the changing status of women in the United States．Until the late 1960s and 1970s，one of the most popular choices for women was teaching．But as other professions，such as law and medicine opened up to women，women stopped pouring into teacher training programs．Thus，a major pool of excellent candidates for the teaching profession dwindled．
         Bit by bit government officials and others realized that the status of the teacher had suffered．They talked about change．But the change in a vast society like the United States is not easy．People's attitudes have formed over many years，and sometimes change takes many years．
63．The underlined word"that"in Paragraph 1 refers to"B"．
A．money                                                               
B．job
C．secretary                                                          
D．truck driver
64．What is the present situation of the teaching？A
A．Teachers work harder and get underpaid．
B．Teahcers have no opportunities to work in other fields．
C．Teaching can attract best students to work as a teacher．
D．Teaching can provide rewards as well as high salaries．
65．Many public school teachers turn to other professions becauseD．
A．the government doesn't finacially support them
B．they have to work longer hours than a lawyer
C．their students refuse to listen to them
D．they are not fairly treated
66．The author believes that change in teachers'status in the United StatesD．
A．is not great            
B．is impossible
C．influences people's attitude
D．needs time．

8．The recent，apparently successful，prediction by mathematical models of an appearance of El Nino-the warm ocean How that periodically develops along the Pacific coast of South America has excited researchers．Jacob Bjerknes pointed out years ago how winds might create either abnormally warm or abnormally cold water in the eastern equatorial （赤道附近的） Pacific．Nevertheless，before the creation of the models，no one could explain why conditions should regularly change between appearances of the warm El Nino and the so-called anti-El Nino．The answer，at least if the current model that links the behavior of the ocean to that of the atmosphere is correct，is to be found in the ocean．
         It has long been known that during an El Nino，two conditions exist：unusually warm water extends along the eastern Pacific and winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east．The contribution of the model is to show that the winds of an El Nino，which raise sea level in the east，send a signal to the west lowering sea level at the same time．According to the model，that signal is created as a negative （负的） Rossby wave，a wave of lower sea level，that moves westward parallel to the equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day．Taking months to move across the Pacific，Rossby waves march to the western boundary of the Pacific basin，which is modeled as a smootli wall but in reality consists of quite irregular island chains．
         When the waves meet the western boundary，they are reflected，and the model predicts that Rossby waves will be broken into many coastal Kelvin waves carrying the same negative sea-level signal．These eventually shoot toward the equator，and then head eastward along the equator drove by the earth at a．speed of about．250 kilometers per day．When enough Kelvin waves of adequate amplitude （振幅） arrive from the western Pacific，their negative sea-level signal overcomes the feedback mechanism，raising the sea level，and they begin to drive the system into the opposite cold mode．This produces a gradual change in winds，one that will eventually send positive sea-level Rossby waves westward，waves that will eventually return as cold cycle-ending positive Kelvin waves beginning another warming cycle．
67．What is the passage mainly about？D
A．How Rossby waves are found．
B．Where El Nino is formed．
C．What the models predict．
D．How the models work．
68．Where does El Nino often appear？B
A．Along the western coast of the USA．
B．In the Pacific in the south，of the equator．
C．In the Pacific in the north of the equator．
D．Along the southern coast of South America．
69．What is right according to the passage？A
A．Rossby waves and Kelvin waves move in opposite directions along the equator．
B．People could explain El Nino before the creation of the mathematical models．
C．Adequate sea-level waves can produce westward positive cold cycle．
D．The speed of Rossby waves is faster than that of Kelvin waves．
70．What does the underlined word"waves"in Paragraph 3 refer to？D
A．Kelvin waves． B．Sea-level signals．C．Coastal waves．  D．Rossby waves．

7．If you know exactly what you want，the best way to get a job is to get specialized training．A recent report shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training．
    That's especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers．At Cornell's School of Hotel Administration，for example，bachelor's degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement．Large companies especially like a background of formal education coupled with work experience．But in the long run，too much specialization does not pay off．Business，which has been flooded with MBAs，no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval．The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially，but the impact of a degree washes out after five years．
As further evidence of the erosion of corporate faith in specialized degrees，Michigan State's Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices．Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires，they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management．This sounds like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts（文科） graduate．Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have：writing and communication skills，organizational skills，open-mindedness and adaptability，and the ability to analyze and solve problems．David Birch，manager of the Boston Red Sox，says that he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree．"I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things，"says Birch．
For a liberal-arts degree，students focus on some basic courses that include literature history，mathematics，economics，science，human behavior and a computer course or two．With these useful and important courses，you can feel free to specialize，"A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace，"says Scheetz．
67．The job market is in great need of people withC．
A．special training in special fields
B．a bachelor's degree in education
C．formal schooling and work experience
D．an MBA degree from top universities
68．The underlined sentence in Paragrph 2 meansA．
A．an MBA degree does not help in future promotion
B．MBA programs will not be as popular as they are now
C．people will not forget the degree the MBA graduates have got
D．most MBA programs fail to provide students with a foundation
69．David Birch says that he only hires liberal-arts people becauseB．
A．they will follow others'ways of solving problems
B．they can do better in bundling changing situations
C．they are well trained in a variety of specialized fields
D．they have attended special programs in management
70．The author supports the idea thatD．
A．on-the-job training is less costly in the long run
B．formal schooling is less important than job training
C．specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists
D．generalists will do better than specialists in management．

6．Why People Get Tattoos
Jack lay，quiet and unmoving，for thirty minutes while a stranger repeatedly stabbed （刺） him with sharp needles，causing blood to pour steadily out of his leg．Jack was getting a tattoo．His friend Tony had recently gotten a tattoo，and Jack was so impressed by it that he decided to get one too．Peer pressure，media influence，and personal expression are some of the common reasons for wearing tattoos today．
The desire to be accepted by one's friends or peers can have a great influence on what a person does．Sometimes，wearing a tattoo can be a sign that you belong to a certain group．Gangs often use special clothes and tattoos to identify their particular group．Some of these groups wear only brand-name clothes．Others wear tattoos．When a person's friends are all doing something，that person in more likely to do the same thing．
The media is another big influence behind the popularity of tattoos in North America．A wide variety of media images（人物，图象） show tattoos-people appearing in commercials selling expensive cars，famous sports heroes with tattoos in magazines，fashion models wearing designer clothes that show their bodies tattooed with detailed and colourful patterns．These media images link tattoos to ideas of wealth，success，and status．As a result，many people decide to get a tattoo for its fashion and status value．
Many people decide to wear tattoos in order to express their artistic nature，their beliefs，or their feelings-in other words，to show their individuality（个性）．A musician in a rock band may get a tattoo of a guitar on the arm．Some environmentalists may tattoo pictures of endangered animals on their shoulders．A tattoo can be a public sign to show what is important in a person's life．
As you can see，there are many reasons why young North Americans get tattoos．A tattoo can be part of a group's uniform，a sign of fashion．or an expression of individuality．The decision to get a tattoo is most often a result of the influence of friends or media or the desire to express oneself．For Jack，it was a mixture of all three．
63．Jack has got tattoos in order toD．
A．show his great bravery                                 
B．gain a special experience
C．make himself more healthy                         
D．be different from others
64．According to the passage，media images are linked toB．
A．traditional lifestyle                                        
B．social position
C．cultural background                                      
D．public interest 
65．We can infer from the passage thatA．
A．some people get tattoos out of pressure 
B．tattoo is related to religious belief
C．getting tattoos costs a lot of money        
D．most people with tattoos are artists
66．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？D

5．While I was in 9 th grade，I built a circuit （电路装置） for the traffic system of our city．After getting the first prize．I got this valuable advice from my father；"Do whatever interests you，and don't let the work challenge you，make sure you are challenging that work．"
I have always preferred the projects which are challenging and related to real life problems．I clearly remember building a shipping program several years ago．I divided the whole project into several small sections．When I understood it clearly，used my brainstorming skill on it，and gave some basic ideas．Then I asked my professor for help before jumping into coding （编码）．At first，I did not know how to ask questions correctly and always asked the question"How do I do it？"As I  kept working and discussed with my professor，I became more comfortable and those"how"questions soon turned into"what if I do this and that"types of questions．
It took me four days to write the code．The desire to solve the problem kept me sleepless all nights brainstorming in even greater details．Every time I saw my program running smoothly，I exploded with joy．I still remember the last day of my work．I was getting some problem and didn't know what to do．At that moment，a man came in to clean．He has headphones，and he was dancing while cleaning the room．Seeing this，I burst out laughing．That moment calmed me．I regained energy and interest and started to work again，and soon I fixed the problem．
My success in the project proved that breaking up a large problem into small parts could help find a possible solution．Discussing the problem with others was also very beneficial．Now I have gained the confidence to attempt any kind of project．
59．According to the passage，the writer was interested inB．
A．developing traffic systems
B．doing challenging projects
C．winning great prizes
D．writing different codes
60．The writer asked the question"how do I do it"at first becauseA．
A．he had no clear idea about his program
B．he was too shy to express himself
C．he wanted to he understood easily
D．he preferred this kind of question
61．We learn from the passage that the writer's shipping programC．
A．would benefit people a lot
B．was done together with others
C．was difficult and needed patience
D．cost much money and energy
62．What would be the best title of the passage？C
A．Do It Yourself
B．No Pains，No Gains
C．Learning with interest
D．Practice Makes Perfect．