The world’s first subway was built in London in 1863. At the time the government was looking for a way to reduce traffic problems in the city of London. The poor areas of the city were so crowded with people that it was almost impossible for horse carriages--- the taxis of those days to get around .
The city officials were interested in trying to make it possible for workers to live outside of London and travel easily to work each day . If people had a cheap and convenient way that they could depend on to get to and from work they would relocate their homes outside of the city. This would help ease the pressure of too many people living in the poor parts of London. From these problems, the idea of the London Underground--- the first subway system was born . The plans for building the Underground met with several problems and delays but the first track was finally opened in January 1863. A steam train pulled the cars along the first underground track which was six kilometers 3.7 miles long. About30000 people got on the subway the first day . Riders were treated to comfortable seats, standing up while the train was moving was not allowed, and pleasant decorations inside each of the cars.
However the smoke from the engine soon filled the air in the tunnels with ash and soot as well as chemical gases. Fans had to be put in the tunnels later to keep the air clean enough for people to breathe. Even with its problems riding the Underground did become popular. It carried nine million riders in its first year. Modern subways have come a long way since the early days of the London Under ground. Today there are 94 large underground rapid transit systems around the world . The busiest of these subway systems is the Tokyo Metro which opened in 1927.This efficient subway has two billion riders per year and “porters ” work on the platforms during busy traffic hours to help push riders onto trains. At times subway cars have been packed with up to 300 people Shopping malls built in high traffic stations where riders move from one train to another have also helped the popularity of subways in Tokyo. Stations like the famous Ginza Sugo Eki Ginza Consolidated Station include underground department store supermarkets restaurants and specialty shops. Shoppers never have to go above ground
小题1:What is the best title for this passage (Please answer within 10 words)
小题2:Why Shoppers never have to go above ground ? (Please answer within 10 words)
小题3:What problems led the British government to build the London Under ground(Please answer within 10 words)
小题4:Which sentence can be replaced by the following------ Although there were such problems people loved to take subways.
小题5:Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.     

Bicycle rental companies in Beijing are going broke, because nobody wants to hire their services. Major rental operators have invested about 100 million yuan（$14.7 million） in almost 20,000 bicycles but are now struggling to survive.
A spokesman from the Bird of Freedom Bicycle Rental said the company has already sold most of the 400 bicycles. “This is a difficult business, especially when it is cold. The cold weather almost killed the business,” he said.
Bigger rental companies are also facing challenges. Beijing Bicycle Rental Co Ltd, which owns 8,000 bicycles, has invested more than 30 million yuan over the past year. Wang Yong, chairman of the group, said his company had not made a profit since it began in 2005.
Almost all bicycle rental companies in Beijing require deposits of 300 to 400 yuan and then customers need to pay 10 yuan or more per hour. “I don’t want to pay 400 yuan to rent a bike. It’s too dear,” said Zhang Yu, a student in Communication University of China, who does not own a bike and often takes motorized rickshaws. “If renting for one day will cost 20 yuan and I rent a bike for five days, I can use the money to buy a new one."
Although facing economic ruin, some enterprises are still hoping that conditions will improve.
BikeMedia, one of the biggest bicycle rental companies in China, also invested tens of millions yuan in Beijing and has more than 10,000 bicycles. Li Weiwei, general manager of BikeMedia Beijing, said his company has a policy of no deposit and no payment. He said the company tried to put advertisements on the bicycles and in this way, they could make profits. But they had not made a profit yet because of its small scale. However, customers must pay 20 yuan per card and also show proof of good personal credit.
In early July, the Beijing municipal government announced plans to develop a 50,000-bicycle rental operation across the city. “The bigger network we have, the more citizens will rent bikes,” Li said. “This will make rental easier to citizens and we strongly need help from the government.”
小题1:In which season is the bicycle rental business the most difficult in Beijing? (no more than 2 words)
小题2:List the reasons why Zhang Yu is not willing to rent a bike. (no more than 7 words)
小题3:How can bike Media possibly make a profit according to Li Weiwei? (no more than 6 words)
小题4:What is the main idea of the passage ?(no more than 10 words)

阅读下面短文，并根据短文后的要求回答问题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
[l]Fear and pain are two of the most useful things that human beings and animals have, if they are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play with it until their hands were burnt away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear didn’t, a child would burn himself again and again, because fear would not warn himself to keep away from the fire that had burnt himself before. A really fearless soldier is not a good soldier because he will soon be killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which human beings and animals might soon die out.
[2] In our first sentence we suggested that fear should be properly used. If, for example, you never go out of your house because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much. Even in your house you are not absolutely safe: A plane may crash on your house, or you may get cancer!
[3] The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but to use fear as your servant and guide instead. Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take.
[4] In many cases, you can take quick and successful action to avoid the danger. For example, you see a car coming straight towards you. Fear warns you, then you jump out of the way, and all is well.
[5] In some cases, however, you decide that there is nothing that you can do to ___________. For example, you can’t prevent a plane crashing onto your house. In this case, fear is no longer of any use, and you have to try to overcome it.
小题1:What is mainly talked about in this passage? (no more than 15 words)
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小题2:How does the author support his idea in Paragraph 2? (no more than 5 words)
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小题3:Why does the author say that a fearless soldier is not a good soldier? (no more than 15 words)
_________________________________________________________________________
小题4:What benefit can we get from “fear” according to the passage? (no more than 10 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
小题5:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
__________________________________________________________________________

Global difference in intelligence is a sensitive topic, long filled with a large number of different opinions. But recent data has indeed shown cognitive (认知的) ability to be higher in some countries than in others. What's more, IQ scores have risen as nations develop --- a phenomenon known as the "Flynn effect". Many causes have been put forward for both the intelligence difference and the Flynn effect, including education, income, and even non-agricultural labor. Now, a new study from researchers at the University of New Mexico offers another interesting theory：intelligence may be linked to infectious-disease rates.
The brain, say author Christopher Eppig and his colleagues, is the "most costly organ in the human body". Brainpower consumes almost up to 90 percent of a newborn's energy. It's clear that if something affects energy intake while the brain is growing, the impact could be long and serious. And for vast parts of the globe, the biggest threat to a child's body -- and therefore brain ---is parasitic (由寄生虫引起的) infection. These illnesses threaten brain development __________. They can directly attack live tissue, which the body must then try every means to replace. They can invade the digestive pipe and block nutritional intake. They can rob the body's cells for their own reproduction. And then there's the energy channeled (输送) to the immune system to fight the infection.
Using data on national "disease burdens" (life years lost due to infectious diseases) and average intelligence scores, the authors found they are closely associated. The countries with the lowest average IQ scores have the highest disease burdens without exception. On the contrary, nations with low disease burdens top the IQ list.
If the study holds water, it could be revolutionary for our understanding of the still-confusing variation in national intelligence scores.
小题1:What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________
小题2:Complete the following statement with proper words. (no more than 4 words)
Those countries that have the_________ are always at the bottom of the IQ list.
小题3:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
                                                                     
小题4:What can cause intelligence difference? (no more than 8 words)
                                                                  
小题5:What does the word "they" (Line 3, Paragraph 3) probably refer to? (no more
than 8 words.

Most of us lead a busy life. Driven by the “urgent（紧急的）”, we forget to enjoy life. We think, “If I reach my goal, then I’ll be happy”,  or “If I can get a better job, then I’ll enjoy life.” But why not enjoy life right now?
Firstly, take time to notice and appreciate the beauty in your own surroundings; you don’t need to travel far to find beauty. “There is a great big world of wonder and beauty around us!” Andrea Brodersen explains. “Look for the beauty of the sunrise and of a friend’s smile that brightens your day. Open your eyes to see the beauty you might not normally see. Doing so helps to cheer you up.”
Secondly, taking time to experience some simple pleasures also can bring joy to your heart and ease your stress. Take me for example. I delight in simple things like my favorite tea drink, a bubble bath or family photos. One common            is finding things that make you laugh. Make time to laugh every day.
Thirdly, don’t take your family and friends for granted. Rich, rewarding relationships add greatly to the enjoyment of life. When you think of someone, why not call, e-mail or write them? A short e-mail or phone call can make a world of difference to someone. As Wayne Lawton explains, “Invest time in relationships. Remove the attitude, what’s in it for me? Happiness is found in putting other’s interests, desires and concerns ahead of our own whenever possible. Selfishness is a dead-end street.” So please treasure relationship.
小题1: What is the main idea of this passage? (no more than 10 words)
                                                                         
小题2: Complete the following statement with proper words.( no more than 5 words)
Taking time to          around you helps to cheer you up.
小题3:Please fill in the blank with proper sentence to complete the sentence. (no more than 3 words)
                                                                         
小题4:What do you think the relationship between work and family should be? (no more than 30 words)
                                                                               
小题5:Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
                                                                                   

Scientists have been studying the reasons why some people don't like the taste of certain vegetables. They found that people inherit(遗传)some genes from their parents that cause them to like or dislike certain vegetables.
In their research about tastes, scientists found that there are three types of people in the world. First, there are non-tasters, who are not very sensitive to sweet-tasting foods or bitter-tasting foods. The people of the second type are just called tasters, and those of the third are super tasters who are very sensitive to sweet and bitter flavors. Children of the third type, who are super-tasters, will probably not like vegetables such as broccoli and Brussels sprout because of their bitter taste. This is unfortunate, because super-tasters might avoid eating foods that are important for their health.
The scientists said that thousands of years ago. On the other hand, super tasters actually had an advantage over other types of people. At that time, super-tasters could avoid eating bitter-tasting poisonous plants which other types of people would eat.
From this research about tastes, we learn some interesting things about super-tasters. For one thing, super-tasters have more taste buds(味蕾)on their tongues. And, to super-tasters bitters foods taste very bitter, and sweet foods taste very sweet. Super-tasters might also not like spicy food made with chili pepper, because it would be too hot for them. Furthermore, female supper-tasters probably won't be very fat, but they do seem to enjoy cooking more than other types of people.
小题1:Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word "spicy".
_______________________________________________________________.
小题2:What do scientists call those people who are not very sensitive to sweet-tasting or bitter-tasting foods? （回答词数不超过2个）
_____________________________________________________________.
小题3:According to the scientists, why don't some people like the taste of certain vegetables? （回答词数不超过9个）
_____________________________________________________________.
小题4:What would prevent a super-taster from eating food important for their health? （回答词数不超过8个）
_____________________________________________________________.

阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求）
[1] Do you ever wish you were as thin as a model or as strong as your favorite football player? Maybe you wish you were taller or just shaped a little differently. Those thoughts are a natural part of growing up. How can you feel better about your body?
[2] Firstly, learning what you can and can’t change about your body is part of growing up .It can be hard to accept. But when people accept the way they look, they often feel happier.
[3] Eating healthy foods can make people feel better about their about their bodies.
Why?­­ Because eating ________will make you full of energy and keep your body working just the way it should.
[4]Watching TV and playing computer games can be fun, but it doesn’t do much for your body because your body stays still. Those are called sedentary(需要久坐的)activities because you sit while you do them.
[5] But when you move your body-by playing, dancing, taking part in sports, or even cleaning your room – you exercise your muscles(肌肉).When you exercise a muscle ,it gets stronger and stronger. And when you have strong muscles, you can do whatever you want to do.
[6] People feel better about their bodies when their bodies can do whatever they want them to do .So climb a hill, jump rope, ride a bike, swim in a pool ,run up the stairs, or even do the hula – and enjoy all your body can do!
小题1:What is the best title for this passage?(no more than 9 words)
小题2:Please fill in the blank with proper words to complete the sentence.(no more than 4 words)
Your muscles will become ______________________________after you exercise them.
小题3:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words.(no more than 3 words)
小题4:According to Paragraph 2, how can you keep happy?(no more than 7 words)
小题5:What does the word “they” (Line 1, Paragraph6) probably refer to ?(no more than 2 words)

阅读下面短文,根据第81至第84小题的具体要求,简要回答问题,并将答案转写到答题卡上。
Too many people want others to be friends，but they don’t give friendship back. That is why some friendships don’t last long. To have a friend，you must learn to be one. You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you. Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules：be honest；be generous；be understanding.
Honesty is where a good friend starts. Friends must be able to trust one another. If you do not tell the truth，people usually find out. If a friend finds out that you haven’t been honest，you may lose your friend’s trust. Good friends always count on one another to speak and act honestly.
Generosity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow. You do not have to give your lunch money or your clothes of course. Instead you have to learn how to share things you enjoy，like your hobbies and your interests. Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings. These can be very valuable to a friend. They tell your friend what is important to you. By sharing them，you help your friend know better.
Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and help with a problem. Something may go wrong at school. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. Turning to a friend can be the first step in solving the problem. So a friend must listen and understand. You must try to put yourself in your friend’s place so you can understand the problem better.
No two friendships are ever exactly alike. But true friendships have three things in common. If you plan to keep your friends，you must practice honesty，generosity，and understanding.
小题1:Why don’t some friendships last long?  (not more than 15 words)    (3’)
__________________________________________________________________________
小题2:What does Generosity mean?   (not more than 1 words)     (2’)
__________________________________________________________________________
小题3:What can make the problem easier to solve.?  (not more than 4 words)   (2’)
__________________________________________________________________________
小题4:If you plan to keep your friends，what must you practice ?
(not more than 4 words)      (3’)
__________________________________________________________________________

阅读下面的短文，并根据文章后的要求答题。（请注意问题后的词数要求）
[1] The first Earth Day was in 1970. People were beginning to worry about what we were doing to our environment (环境). So they set up Earth Day to tell everyone about their worries.
[2] In 2007, organizers in over 150 countries planned over 4,000 big events. But Earth Day is not just about marches (游行) and big events. In the week around Earth Day (22 April) there were many thousands of smaller, local events. These events dealt with environmental problems in the neighborhood.
[3] The World Wide Fund for Nature made a list of 5 things that each person could do to save the environment.
·Don’t leave the tap running.
·Turn off lights when you leave a room.
·Turn off your computer every night.
·Wash your clothes, and yourself, in cold or warm water, not hot water.
·Dishwashers use as little water as possible.
[4] If we all do at least 2 of these all the time, we can make a big difference.
小题1:What is the purpose for people to set up Earth Day?
_____________________________________________________________________________
小题2:When is Earth Day?
_____________________________________________________________________________
小题3:What should people do when the water keeps running from a tap?
_____________________________________________________________________________
小题4:Does the word “dishwashers” mean “machine for washing dishes”?
_____________________________________________________________________________
小题5:Besides the five, what else can you do to save our environment? (One example is ok.)
_____________________________________________________________________________

阅读下面的短文，并根据文章后的要求答题。（请注意问题后的词数要求）
[1] The key word is practice! Practice, practice, practice!! There is no other way. There is no magic. The way to get better at listening to English is to listen to English. That’s the not-so-good news.
[2] The good news is there are many ways to listen and many things to listen to.
[3] Listening to English songs can be fun. But be careful! Most ____________ use the language in a special way that you don’t hear every day. You don’t want to start speaking English like a poet or songwriter. If you do listen to English songs, listen to different ones. This will help you train your ears to different voices, pronunciations and rhythms.
[4] If you can, get a copy of the lyrics(歌词) so you can read them and listen to them at the same time. It is sometimes better to listen with your eyes as well as your ears—more information to help the brain.
[5] Watch English DVDs. But, this time, do not use your eyes to read the subtitles (字幕). Turn off the subtitles, because movies have so many other clues about what is happening that it is better not to use the subtitles. This forces your ears to do the work.
[6] Choose one character (人物) that interests you and pay attention to what they say and how they say it. If you can, repeat a line out loud after they have said it. Teach yourself one or more sayings, phrases or ways of talking that you will use after watching the movie.
[7] A new and growing resource of English language for listening can be found in blogs. Blogs are in MP3 format and can be loaded first onto your computer and then onto you MP3 player for very convenient take-with-you listening.
[8] You can find many English listening practices are fun, new, educational and in unending supply.
小题1:What is the main idea of the passage? (within 10 words.)
___________________________________________________________________________
小题2:Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
At times, we can use not only our ears but our eyes to listen to get more information..
___________________________________________________________________________
小题3:Please fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (within 2 words.)
___________________________________________________________________________
小题4:List three ways of practising your English listening.(within 15words.)
①__________________ ②__________________ ③__________________
小题5:Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 6 into Chinese.
________________________________________________________________________