1、with / by / in：均可解释为“用”，但有区别： 　 with：指用“工具” 　 e.g. Most of us write with our right hands 　　　 You can make some sentences with these words. 　 by：指用“方式、手段” 　 e.g. He makes a living by repairing bikes for passers-by. 　　　 This car is made by hand. (手工的) 　　　 She came here by bike, not by bus. 　 in：指用“材料”。e.g. in cash, in letters, in words… 　 e.g. He writes in ink while she writes in pencil. 　　　 We express ourselves in English words.

2、disturb / interrupt 　 disturb：妨碍、打扰、扰乱、使心神不宁 　 e.g. Loud noises will disturb our studies. 　　　 I’ll be very sorry if I’m disturbing you. 　　　 She was disturbed to learn about the bad result. 　 interrupt：打断、中断(工作、谈话或正在进行的事) 　 e.g. Sorry to interrupt you, but I have sth important to tell you. 　　　 We have to interrupt our work to discuss the problem. 　　　 I don’t like being interrupted while speaking.

3、a great deal of / a good many / a lot of / scores of / dozens of / a large number of / numbers of / plenty of / a large amount of 　 a good many / scores of / dozens of / a large number of / numbers of：只用来修饰可数名词的复数。 　 e.g. A good many students have seen the film already. 　　　 Numbers of books have been donated to the orphan home. a great deal of 和a large amount of：均用来修饰不可数名词。 　 e.g. A great deal of / a large amount of water is wasted. 　　　 He has spent a great deal of / a large amount of money on the experiment. 　 a lot of / lots of / plenty of：既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词。 　 e.g. a lot of / lots of / plenty of money / books / people / time / questions … 　注：many / some / several等数词，一般在它们后面直接接名词的复数形式。但假如后面的名词前使用了1)人称代词 2)指示代词 3)冠词，或者后面接的不是名词，而是代词，则必须在many / some / several后面用介词“of.”。 　 Many of the students in our class are from town. 　 Some of them have been to Beijing once or twice

1、work as：充当、担任, = act as 　 e.g. He worked as a commander during the war. 　　　 She works as our English teacher. 　 work on：从事……、搞……(具体的事) 　 e.g. He works on the wall newspaper in our class. 　　　 My mother is working on a news report these days. 　 work at：在……(地方)上班、从事……(笼统的事) 　 e.g. The scientist is working at a new invention. 　　　 She is working hard at her lessons. 　 work的短语：be at work：在工作、在运转；in work：有职业、有工作；off work：在休假、没去上班；out of work：失业中、没工作；set to work：开始工作

2、marry：vt. 结婚、娶、嫁 　 e.g. He married Mary last Summer and they are a nice couple. 　　　 “Will you marry me, John?” Kate asked earnestly. 　 注：指“结婚”这件事，我们用：get married 　 e.g. They got married five years ago and still have no child. 　　　 The two will get married next spring. 　 be married：(处于)已婚(状态) 　 e.g. The old couple have been married for fifty years. 　　　 Are you married or single? 　 be/get married to sb.：娶、嫁了某人 　 e.g. She was married to a rich young man. 　　　 The young man got married to a rich lady years ago. 　 marriage：婚姻 　 e.g. Their marriage made their parents angry.

4、survive：vt. survive sth.：经历……还活着、由……中生还 　 e.g. Only a two-year-old boy survived the car accident. 　　　 Few houses in the area survived the hurricane. 　 　　　　vt. survive sb.：比……长寿、在失去……之后还存在 　 e.g. The little girl survived her parents. 　　　 The rich man was survived by his wife and son.

5、relate to：和……有关 　 e.g. Your words hardly relate to what we are discussing now. 　　　 The report relates to the sale of the tall building. 　 relate A to B：把A和B 联系起来。 　 e.g. It is hard for us to relate Tom to such bad things. 　　　 Can you relate what he said to what he did? 　 be related to：和……有关、有联系、有亲戚关系 　 e.g. Are you related to the rich lady? 　　　 The young girl is said to be related to the fire last night. 　　　 The Blacks are related to the Smiths by marriage. 　 related：相关的、有关系的 　 e.g. He asked me some more questions related to the problem. 　 relation：关系、亲戚 　 e.g. Their relation appears to be quite slight. 　　　 What’s the relation(ship) between you and that old man? 　 maintain good relation with sb.：和……保持良好关系 　 e.g. They have maintained good relation with each other after graduation. 　 in relation to：和……联系起来(谈、讲) 　 e.g. Prices are high in relation to my salary. 　　　 He does a good job in relation to his age. 　relationship：关系 　e.g. What’s the relationship between you and that young lady? 　　 His relationship to his parents is a bit tense. relative：亲戚、相对的 e.g. He is one of my relatives in the world. 　 　Nothing is fixed in the world, everything is relative.

6、record：n.记录、唱片 　 e.g. better a record：刷新纪录；beat / break a record：破纪录；establish / set up a new world record：创新的世界纪录　 　　　 I like to listen to record of pop songs. 　　　　　 vt. 记录、记下、记载 　 e.g. This tape recorder has recorded every thing you said just now. 　　　 Many ancient books recorded that there were many things that happened in these places.

7、inspire：vt. 鼓舞、鼓励　 inspire sb. (to do sth.) 　 e.g. What he said inspired us (to study even harder). 　　　 Mother’s encouraging eyes inspired me to try again. 　 inspiring：鼓舞的、激励的 　 e.g. His inspiring speech impressed us deeply. 　 inspiration：给予激励的人或事 　 His brother who is now studying in Qinghua University is a constant inspiration to him.

8、apply：申请、运用、 apply to sb. for sth.：向某人申请…… 　 e.g. Have you apply to the school for a loan? 　　　 The local government has applied to the federal government for help. 　　　 Many people applied to the company for jobs. 　 apply sth. to sth.：把……运用于…… 　 e.g. The nurse applied a bandage to my wound. 　　　 This rule can be applied to many cases. 　　　 We will apply the new technology to our work. 　 apply oneself to sth：专心于……、致力于…… 　 e.g. As a student, you should apply yourself to study. 　 application：运用、申请、使用 　 e.g. We received many applications for the job. 　　　 make an application to sb. for sth.