56. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

   A. Codeine: A New Medicine        B. Chocolate May Cure Coughs

   C. Cough Treatment: A Hard Case    B. Theobromine Can Cause Coughs

答案：B。本文开篇就道明了主题：巧克力中的某种成分可以治疗咳嗽，下文始终围绕这个主题来展开说明。

2) 文尾归纳要点，提出建议，以概括主题。即归纳法写作方式。如：

A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. In deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes a man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different things with his limbs. Man’s games show how he can control his own body. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; none has such varied grace; very few live as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him.

3)文中。通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支持或发展。如：

Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand; a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.

4)首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式较为多见。但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步引申或发展的意味。如：

（首段）Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes,“It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career. ”She said…

（尾段）“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.” Shu said.

5) 无主题句，即主题句隐含在全文中，没有明确的主题句，必须根据文中所提供的事实细节进行全面考虑、综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。如：

Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.

Q: What is the main idea of the passage?

A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.   B. Bingham is a diligent student.

C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.

D. A good lawyer needs good education.

[分析]此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节性的事实。因此就答案本身看个个都对。读者只能将所有的细节（details）综合起来进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是C。

除了以上主题句呈现的常见形式外还要注意标志词。文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。如：on the whole, as a result，in short，therefore，thus… I agree with the opinion that…; Given all these points above, I would support the idea that…; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer...

2. 抓住文章段落大意，概括中心思想

寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。在这个过程中，考生不能只依据只言片语，或光看文章的某些段落，而应观察全文的结构安排；理解文章浓墨重笔写的“重心”；考虑文章的组织材料及支持性细节是服务于什么的；分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么内容来表达的；最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。如：

There are three separate sources of danger in supplying energy by nuclear power.

First, the radioactive material must travel from its place of production to the power station. Although the power stations themselves are strongly built, the containers used for the transport of the materials are not. Normally, only two methods of transport are in use, namely road or rail. Unfortunately, both of these may have an effect on the general public, since they are sure to pass near, or even through, heavily populated areas.

Second, there is the problem of waste. All nuclear power stations produce wastes that in most cases will remain radioactive for thousands of years. It is impossible to make these wastes nonradioactive, and so they must be stored in one of the inconvenient ways that scientists have invented. For example, they may be buried under the ground, or dropped into deserted mines, or sunk in the sea. However, these methods do not solve the problem, since an earthquake could easily break the containers.

Third, there may occur the danger of a leak (泄漏) or an explosion at the power station. As with the other two dangers, this is not very likely, so it does not provide a serious objection to the nuclear program. However, it can happen.

Separately, these three types of dangers are not a great cause for worry. Taken together, though, the probability of disaster is extremely high.

Q: What is the passage about?

A. Uses of nuclear power.                    B. Dangers from nuclear power.

C. Public anger at nuclear power.       D. Accidents caused by nuclear power.

主题分析：第一段There are three separate sources of danger in supplying energy by nuclear power. 为文章的主题句。接着从三个方面论述主题：First…，Second…，Third… ，段首第一句分别为各段的主题句，层次分明，结构清晰，最后一段进一步归纳全文大意：Dangers from nuclear power。故答案为B。

48. What is the text mainly about?

A. The relationship between accents and social classes.

B. The Queen’s Christmas speeches on TV.

C. The changes in a person’s accent.

D. The recent development of the English language.

答案：C。文章第一段就提到自从1952年以来研究者就测试The Queen’s English的口音变化；接下来文章第二段就说到这种测试的全面性和客观性；第三段和第四段举例说明这种口音变化的特点。由以上不难分析出文章是针对一个人的口音在半世纪前后的变化及分析写的，所以C最恰当。

2. 再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何；

3. 要注意题目是过大还是过小；

4. 要避免下列三种错误：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；③以事实、细节替代抽象概括的大意。

要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方式。一般来说，标题的拟定方式是：以话题为核心，将控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。

比如某一文章的中心句子为：Coffee is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world.

话题：Coffee

控制性概念：is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world

标题：Coffee Around the World

例：2008年高考英语山东卷B篇

Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert (警报) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.

Text messages have been popular in recent years, particularly among young people. The wireless industry’s trade association, CTIA, estimates（估计） more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.

The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation's emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.

“The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other emergencies,” FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said, following approval of the plan.

Participation in the alert system by carriers ?telecommunications companies is voluntary, but it has received support from the wireless industry.

The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.

There would be three different types of messages, according to the rules.

The first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a natural disaster. The second would involve “approaching threats”, which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be for child abduction (绑架) emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts.

The service could be in place by 2010.

66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students

B. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Industry

C. Cell Phone Alerts of National Disasters

D. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon

答案：D。主旨大意题。第一段开门见山，提出将创建一个全国性的短信警报系统；最后一段重申主题，对这种新系统的未来进行展望。因此最准确的标题是D。A项错在protecting students；B项错在by wireless industry；C项错在National Disasters。