A successful scientist is generally a good observer.  He makes full 36  of the facts he observes.  He doesn’t accept ideas which are not  37   on obvious facts,  and therefore refuses to accept authority as the only   38   for truth.  He always  39    ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.

The rise of    40    science may perhaps be considered to    41   as far back as the    42    of Roger Bacon,  the wonderful philosopher of Oxford,  who live    43    the years 1214 and 1292.  He was probably the first in the Middle    44    to suggest that we must learn science    45    observing and experimenting on the things around us,  and he himself    46   many important discoveries.

Galileo,  however,  who lived more than 300 years later (1564-1642),  was the greatest of several great men,     47    in Italy,  France,  Germany,  or England,  began by    48    to show how many important    49    could be discovered by observation.  Before Galileo,  learned men believed that large bodies fell more    50    towards the earth than small ones,     51    Aristotle said so.  But Galileo,  going to the    52     of the leaning Tower of Pisa,  let fall two   53    stones and proved Aristotle was wrong.  It was Galileo’s    54    of going direct to Nature,  and proving our    55    and theories by experiment,  that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.

1.A.use                B.time           C.speed               D.trust

2.A.worked        B.based          C.lived                     D.written

3.A.reason        B.cause           C.advice               D.result

4.A.thinks          B.checks          C.has             D.learn

5.A.natural         B.physical         C.ancient          D.modern

6.A.date            B.keep           C.look                D.take

7.A.study           B.time            C.year                       D.birth

8.A.both                 B.each                           C.between                           D.among

9.A.Schools                 B.Ages                    C.Days                          D.Count

10.A.in                         B.with                          C.on                        D.by

11.A.did                 B.made                C.took                                   D.gave

12.A.who         B.when            C.that               D.where

13.A.ways         B.degrees       C.levels              D.chance

14.A.truths        B.problems       C.people            D.subjects

15.A.slowly       B.rapidly           C.lightly             D.heavily

16.A.although      B.because          C.when                        D.If

17.A.place                     B.foot                     C.top                                     D.ceiling

18.A.big                B.small                            C.equal                        D.unequal

19.A.spirit                      B.skill                     C.theory                      D.discovery

20.A.plans                      B.opinions       C.world          D. ability

 

　　In the United States Government, the Congress (议会) 1 the laws. The Congress has two parts, 2 are more or less equal in power. They are 3 as the House of Representatives and the Senate (参议院) . The House of Representatives is 4 than the Senate whose 100 members (two from each state) 5 for six years. The 435 members of the House are 6 every two years, and the 7 from each state is determined by the 8 of the state. For example, California, which has a 9 population, has forty-three Representatives, 10 the state of Nevada has only one.

　　The House and Senate are divided into small groups which 11 special matters such as education of foreign affairs. The most 12 work of the Congress is often done these groups, which are 13 committees (委员会) .

　　According to the Constitution (宪法) of the United States a Senator must be 14 thirty years old and he must have been a 15 of the United States for nine years at the time of his 16 . To be elected to the House a person must be twenty-five years old 17 must have been United States citizen for seven years. At the present time, members of Congress 18 businessmen, farmers, teachers, and especially lawyers.

　　In general, Senators are 19 known than Representatives because they are 20 in number and serve for a longer time. Many American Presidents served in Congress before they became presidents.

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　　A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 1 of the facts he observes. Hedoesn't accept ideas which are not 2 on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority (权威) as the only 3 for truth. He always 4 ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.

　　The rise of 5 science may perhaps be considered to 6 as far back as the 7 of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived 8 the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle 9 to suggest that we should learn science 10 observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself 11 many important discoveries.

　　Galileo, however, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men, 12 lived in Italy, France, Germany, or England, and began by 13 to show how many important 14 could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 15 towards the earth than small ones, 16 Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the 17 of the leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 18 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileo's 19 of going direct to Nature, and proving our 20 and theories by experiment, that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.