Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, as well as today, providing food and security was the basic task for a person. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly. People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as a piece of bread and a roof over their heads, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost inevitably associated with environmental damage.
Economic growth is the increase in numbers of goods and services produced over time by an economy, and it's calculated in terms of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Before growth is calculated, inflation(通货膨胀) is adjusted in order to take into account its misleading effect on the price of goods and services. Economic growth can also be explained as the increase in expected output, which results from an increase in actual output, or total demand.
There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment. The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long- term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people. They also lead to global warming.
Industrial manufacturing leads to the constantly increasing energy consumption. The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time, during which people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings.
In order to produce economically practical energy, a sometimes significant transformation of the natural site is often inevitable. This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. Application of wind energy would Block airflows' natural speed, which is the reason for their decrease in strength, after crossing the windmill. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.
For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without resulting in any environmental damage is impossible.
【小题1】What does the passage mainly talk about?

单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

请将单词的完整形式写在题后所给的横线上。

81. The city is s________ (位于) on the west bank of Mississippi river.    81. ________________

82. One of the basic needs in many d________ (发展中的) countries

is water.                                                                                     82. ________________

83. The wind blew more and more v________ (猛烈地).                        83. ________________

84. Children should be educated to be good c________ (公民).                84. ________________

85. Confucius is the philosopher whose i________ (影响) has been

the greatest.                                                                                 85. ________________

86. The report p________ (预测) that the more jobs would be lost

in the coal industry.                                                                             86. ________________

87. You should ask for a r________ (收据) when taking a taxi.                87. ________________

88. I only wear this suit for f________ (正式的) dinners.                        88. ________________

89. We s________ (支持) the police strongely in their work against crime.      89. ________________

90. The H1N1 viruses are u________ (不可能) to lead to large numbers

of deaths.                                                                                           90. ________________

B
It is surprising that eating three meals a day ─ breakfast, lunch, and dinner ─ has been a custom only since 1890. Before this time, they only had two meals a day ─ breakfast and dinner.
In the 16th century, breakfast was only to break one's fast (随便吃一点). But 200 years later it had become a large meal , not just for family, but for numbers of guests as well. It was a social event, It began at 10 a.m. and lasted until l p.m.. Then breakfast began to be less popular. It became , instead, a lighter meal and was taken at a much earlier hour. By 1850 it had been pushed hack to 8 a.m.. and became a family meal.
Dinner, however, went the other way. In the 16th century it was eaten at 11 a.m.. Years later, it had moved to the early afternoon, then to 5 p. m.. By 1850 dinner time had reached 7 p.m. Lunch is a recent idea. It first appeared as a snack to fill the gap between breakfast and dinner.
59. English people did not have lunch _________.
A. before 1890    B. after 1890        C. after 16th century   D. by 1850
60. "Dinner, however, went the other way" means _________.
A. Dinner didn't go there with breakfast    B. Dinner took the same way with breakfast
C. Dinner is different from breakfast        D. Dinner is the same with breakfast
61. Lunch has been served since the end of the ________ century.
A. seventeenth    B. eighteenth        C. sixteenth           D. nineteenth
62. The selection is mostly concerned with _________.
A. what people eat for breakfast         B. what people eat for dinner
C. the history of supper                D. the history of breakfast
63. The selection leads the reader to believe that __________.
A. our custom of meals is based on English custom
B. before 1890 people also ate three meals a day
C. breakfast is the most important meal for us
D. the body can adjust to two or three meals a day      

单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

请将单词的完整形式写在题后所给的横线上。

81. The city is s________ (位于) on the west bank of Mississippi river.    81. ________________

82. One of the basic needs in many d________ (发展中的) countries

 is water.                                                                                     82. ________________

83. The wind blew more and more v________ (猛烈地).                        83. ________________

84. Children should be educated to be good c________ (公民).                84. ________________

85. Confucius is the philosopher whose i________ (影响) has been

the greatest.                                                                                 85. ________________

86. The report p________ (预测) that the more jobs would be lost

in the coal industry.                                                                             86. ________________

87. You should ask for a r________ (收据) when taking a taxi.                87. ________________

88. I only wear this suit for f________ (正式的) dinners.                        88. ________________

89. We s________ (支持) the police strongely in their work against crime.      89. ________________

90. The H1N1 viruses are u________ (不可能) to lead to large numbers

of deaths.                                                                                           90. ________________

Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, as well as today, providing food and security was the basic task for a person. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly. People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as a piece of bread and a roof over their heads, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost inevitably associated with environmental damage.

Economic growth is the increase in numbers of goods and services produced over time by an economy, and it's calculated in terms of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Before growth is calculated, inflation(通货膨胀) is adjusted in order to take into account its misleading effect on the price of goods and services. Economic growth can also be explained as the increase in expected output, which results from an increase in actual output, or total demand.

There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment. The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long- term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people. They also lead to global warming.

Industrial manufacturing leads to the constantly increasing energy consumption. The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time, during which people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings.

In order to produce economically practical energy, a sometimes significant transformation of the natural site is often inevitable. This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. Application of wind energy would Block airflows' natural speed, which is the reason for their decrease in strength, after crossing the windmill. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.

For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without resulting in any environmental damage is impossible.

1.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．Pollution caused by plant construction

B．Effects of windmills on the environment

C．Economic growth and human civilization

D．Economic growth and environmental damage

2.According to the passage, the author holds the opinion that ____.

A．economic growth should be calculated in terms of GDP

B．use of natural resources causes no damage to the environment

C．industrial manufacturing may cause damage to the environment

D．a windmill is a perfect way to produce economically practical energy

3.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

CP (Central Point)     P (Point)      Sp (Sub-point次要点)    C (Conclusion)