11. In order to keep track of a disease such as influenza, W.H.O. must have ________.

　 A. highly trained experts.

　 B. co-operation from every doctor.

　 C. good reporting services.

　 D. time to study the facts.

10. The experiments in giving the virus to animals proved that this type of influenza was easy to catch __________.

　 A. but was not deadly.

　 B. and had rather mild effects.

　 C. and could possibly causes death.

　 D. and did not have the usual signs.

9. One interesting thing about the virus in the story was that it __.

　 A. was especially weak.

　 B. was similar to other viruses.

　 C. could reproduce with great speed.

　 D. had samples frozen and packed in dry ice.

8. the doctor in Singapore performed a valuable service by ______.

　 A. finding the subgroup of the virus.

　 B. developing a cure.

　 C. keeping his patients apart from others.

　 D. reporting the outbreak to Geneva.

7. Which of the following is true?

A. Although the nuclear family developed before the extended family, the latter is gaining more and more popularity everywhere in the world.

B. the most important reason why people are leaving villages is that they do not enjoy living together with their parents or grandparents.

C. Different types of families have developed as different ways of life are accepted.

D. Families change because tides and fashions always change.

C

　　 In 1957 a doctor in Singapore noticed that hospitals were treating an unusual number of influenza-like cases. Influenza is sometimes called ‘flu’ or a ‘bad cold’. He took samples from the throats of patients and in his hospital was able to find the virus of this influenza.

There were three main types of the influenza virus. The most important of these are type A and B, each of them having several subgroups. With the instruments at the hospital the doctor recognized that the outbreak was due to a virus in group A, but he did not know the subgroup. Then he reported the outbreak to the World Health Organization in Geneva. W.H.O. published the important news alongside reports of a similar outbreak in Hong Kong, where about 15-20% of the population had become ill.

　 As soon as the London doctors received the package of throat samples, doctors began the standard tests. They found that by reproducing itself with very high speed, the virus had grown more than a million times within two days. Continuing their careful tests, the doctors checked the effect of drugs against all the known sungroups of virus type A. none of them gave any protection. This ,then, was something new, a new influenza virus, against which the people of the world had no help whatever.

Having found the virus they were working with, the two doctors now dropped it into the noses of some specially selected animals, which get influenza much as human beings do. In a short time the usual signs of the disease appeared. These experiments proved that the new virus was easy to catch, but that it was not a killer. Scientists, like the general public, call it simply Asian flu.

The first discovery of the virus, however, was made in China before the disease had appeared in other countries. Various reports showed that the influenza outbreak started in China, probably in February of 1957. by the middle of March it had spread all over China. The virus was found by Chinese doctors early in March. But China is not a member of the World Health Organization and therefore does not report outbreaks of disease to it. Not until two months later, when travellers carried the virus into Hang Kong, from where it spread to Singapore, did the news of the outbreak reach the rest of the world. By this time it was well started on its way around the world.

Thereafter, W.H.O.’s Weekly Reports described the steady spread of this great virus outbreak, which within four months swept through every continent.

6. The reason why many people are leaving farms to find jobs in the city is ________.

　 A. that there are more and more nuclear families in the world.

　 B. that extended families are hard to maintain.

　 C. that people do not like to settle down.

　 D. not stated in above article.

5. The nuclear family was the rule because _________.

　 A. the family had to move around to find enough food.

　 B. people didn’t know many ways of hunting animals.

C. People needed many hands to do farming.

　 D. the extended family had not been invented yet.

4. In many cultures today, __________.

　 A. the family is the world

　 B. the family is not an institution.

　 C. the family does not have any functions.

　 D. the family has lost many of the functions it used to have.

3. What does the passage imply about Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong?

　 A. They were the founders of “scat singing”.

　 B. They played the same musical instruments.

　 C. They performed well together.

　 D. They were a married couple.

B

Families have always changed. For instance, once the family was the world. In other words, at one time everything a person did took place within the family. The family was a child’s only school. One worshiped only within the family. The rules set up by the family were the only laws one had to obey, and the family was the only means one had to settle a dispute. The family is still the “world’ in some cultures. But in many cultures, these former functions of the family have largely been taken over by other institutions, such as schools, churches, and governments.

In the past, families changed in other ways. Some scientists believe that when people obtained food by hunting animals and gathering roots and plants, the nuclear family was the rule. The family had to be small in order to move around and live off the land. When people settled in one place and began to farm to

obtain food, they found that they needed more hands to do the work. The extended family developed in some cultures. Now in addition to their children, people lived together with their parents and even grandparents.

How are families changing today? The number of nuclear families seems to be increasing everywhere in the world. The number of extended families is declining. One reason for this seems to be that in many cultures today people are leaving farms and villages to find jobs in the city. Extended families are hard to maintain when people have to be free to move in order to find work.

2. The underlined word “spotted” means______.

　 A. noticed　 B. brought up　 C. employed　 D. recognized