5．The underlined word“disposable’’in the passage probably means…

A acceptable　　 13．valuable

C throw-away　　 D．long-lasting

思路点拨：词义理解题。由文章第二段信息可知，Modbury的店主都同意停止向顾客分发一次性袋子。可知，划线单词disposable意为“一次性的，用完即扔的”，故选throw-away。答案C。

方法提炼：此题也可由生活常识得出答案。

　(6)利用文义及逻辑关系来推测词义

利用文义及逻辑关系推测词义时，关键应在理清生词前后文义的基础上着重分析前后文的逻辑关系，是递进、转折，还是并列。

高考示例

Born in Chicago in 1902，brought up and schooled in Nebraska，the 1 9-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education．

4．The underlined word“intensity”in the passage means…

A. surprise　　 B. worry

C．excitement　 D．interest

思路点拨：由文章第三段信息可知，当主人来了，狗尾巴向右摆兴奋，激动；当不熟悉的人来了，也向右摆，但不那么热情；而当猫出现时，尾巴也向右摆，但with less intensity again，可知，less intensity应为不够热情，不兴奋，不激动。答案C。

方法提炼：对于生词，上下文也许对它已有说明。

　(5)根据生活常识来猜测词义

猜测词义时需利用上下文语境，结合自身生活经验进行逻辑推理。

高考示例

Shopkeepers in Modbury，population 1 500，agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on Saturday．They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead．

3．The underlined expression make a big“ to do” over　 means…　　

A. show much concern about

B. have a special effect on

C．1istjobs to be done for

D．do good things for

思路点拨：由“我”的较大的孩子对客人的评价的反应可以知道，我们成年人往往更多地关注较小的孩子因为她更容易受到伤害，而没有意识到这种关注可能会伤害较大孩子的感情。在句中的make a big“to do”over the younger one应该表示“更关注更小的孩子”。 答案A。

方法提炼：表示因果关系的because为上文提供了关键信息。

　(4)通过同类关系来推测词义

同类部分可以是当作同位语的词、短语或从句等。同类关系常由such as，like，for example，for instance等连词列举同类词汇来体现。

高考示例

The researchers led by Professor Giorgio Vallortigara of the University of Trieste found that when the dogs were shown their owners--a positive experience--their tails

wagged energetically to the right side．When they were shown an unfamiliar human they wagged to the right，but with somewhat less enthusiasm．The appearance of a cat again caused a right-hand side wag，although with less intensity again．　

2．Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the third paragraph?

A. Messy and untidy．

B. Rich and expensive．

C．Comfortable and calming．

D．Foreign and unusual．

思路点拨：词义猜测题。由文章第三段第一句话中的“but”转折词，可知前后意思形成对比，再根据“fascinating objects on display”可推断出来。答案D。

方法提炼：but是前后意义上的转折。

　(3)通过因果关系推测词义

在句子或段落中，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义. 因果关系的语境，通常由because，so that，so／such…that…等连词体现。

高考示例

I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big“ to do” over the younger one because she is the one who seems more easily hurt．We do it with the best of intentions．

1．The underlined word“poetry’’most probably means …

A .an object for artistic creation

B. a collection of poems

C. an unusual quality

D .a natural scene

思路点拨：词义猜测题。由where no one has ever seen or experienced it before可知poetry在此是指一种不同寻常的品质。答案C。

方法提炼：定语从句是对其所修饰的词的说明解释。同位语从句是对该词进行补充说明的作用。

　(2)通过对比关系来推测词义

此法又称为“反义法”，即利用反义词来说明生词的意义。如反义词hot and cold；perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。能够体现这种关系的词很多，主要有表示转折关系的but，while，on the one hand…on the other hand，for one thing…for another和众多反义词。

高考示例

The house looked quite normal outside，but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display．

62. C 推理判断题。从第四段引用Dr. Dweck’s 的话，让人看到这种表扬会导致孩子们退缩，害怕挑战，从而使文章更具震撼力。

63. We can infer from the passage that _____.

A. praise for efforts should be more encouraged

B. praise for results works better than praise for efforts

C. praising a child’s achievements benefits his or her success in life

D. praising a child’s abilities encourage him or her to take on challenges

62. The author quoted(引用) Dr. Dweck’s words in the last paragraph in order to make the article _____.　

A. better-known　　　　　　　　 B. better-organized　

C. more percussive　　　　　　　 D. more interesting