题目列表(包括答案和解析)

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1. can

(1)表示能力。如:

He can do it by himself.

Two eyes can see more than one.(谚语)

(2)表示允许。如:

Can I come in?    You can go now.

在这种情况下,它与may意思接近,可换用,但问句中用may比用can语气委婉。

(3)与be able to在表示能力上意思接近,可换用,但be able to 有更多的时态,而can只有现在时和过去时。如:

No one can do it. (=No one is able to do it.)

Will you be able to come tonight? (不能说:Will you can come tonight?)

(4)其过去式could可用来比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。此时,could和can没时间上的差别。如:

Could (Can) you lend me your bike?

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3.复合句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句所构成的句子称复合句。所谓“从句”就是充当一个句子成份的“主谓结构”。这个“主谓结构”在主句中作什么成份,就叫什么从句。比如,这个“结构”在主句中做状语,我们就把它叫做状语从句。这个“结构”在主句中做宾语,我们就把它叫做宾语从句,等等。从句须有一个引导词来引导。如:

You must see the doctor if you're ill.

     主句       从句

此句中含有if(如果)引导的从句,表示条件,因为它在主句中作状语,所以,我们就把它叫做“条件状语从句”。在初中阶段,我们应该掌握状语从句和宾语从句。下面对状语从句作一归纳总结。

(1)时间状语从句:由表示时间的连词引导:when (当……时), while(当……时候,与……同时),before(在……之前),after(在……之后),until(直到……为止),since(自从……以来),as soon as(一……就……)等。如:

When she reached home, she had a short rest.

(2)条件状语从句:由连词if引导。如:        

If you eat old food, you may be ill.

需要说明的是,上述两种从句,如果主句是一般将来时(或含有将来的意思),那么,这两种从句中的谓语动词应用一般现在时。如:不能说If I will be free tomorrow, I will go to the cinema. 而应说 If I am free tomorrow, I will go to the cinema.

(3)原因状语从句:由because等词引导。如:

The children went to the farm, because the farmers needed some help.

注意:不能因为汉语中有“因为……,所以……”这样的关联词而译成英语“Because…,so…”,两者只用其中之一便可。如:不能说Because he is ill, so he can't come to school.而应说Because he is ill, he can't come to school.或He is ill, so he can't come to school.

(4)比较状语从句:由连词than, as…as…等引导。如:

Jim is older than I (am).

He runs as fast as Li Ping (does).

注意:由than, as…as…引导的状语从句中的谓语动词常常省略

(5)结果状语从句:由so…that…(如此……以致……)引导。如:

He became so angry that he couldn't speak.

另外,在so…that…引导的复合句中,如果that后的从句为否定句或含有否定意义,则常用“too…to…(太……而不能……)”改写为简单句。如上一句可改写为He became too angry to speak.

情态动词

特点

(1)本身有一定的词义。

(2)必须与后面动词原形一起构成谓语。

(3)无人称和数的变化。

(4)各种句式变化与含be动词句式变化相同。

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2.并列句 由并列连词(and, but, so, or等)把两个(或两个以上)简单句连在一起而构成的句子叫并列句。

He helps me and I help him.

We bought granny a present, but she didn't like it.

This is our first lesson, so I don't know all your names.

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1. 简单句 由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子叫做简单句。

I go to school at 7:00 every day.(一个主语和一个谓语)

Wang Nan and Wang Fan sing and dance.(二个主语和二个谓语)

在初中阶段,我们应该掌握简单句的五种基本结构:

(1)主语+谓语(S+V)

We study hard for the people.

在这种结构中,谓语动词是不及物动词(vi.),其后不跟宾语。

(2)主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O)

She speaks English.

They play basketball after class.

(3)主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)

Wang Hongji is a good student.

连系动词除be外,还有look(看上去),get(逐渐变得),turn(变成),feel(感觉),become(变成)等等。

(4)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+In O+DO)

She bought me a pen yesterday.

He has taught us English for 3 years.

这种结构可转化为“主语+谓语+直接宾语+for (或to) +间接宾语”。如:She bought a pen for me yesterday.

(5)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC)

We can keep it warm. They call me Lao Wang.

He asked me to help him with his English.

注意:在此结构中,宾语与宾语补足语之间的关系是逻辑上的“主谓”关系。

另外,有些简单句结构比较特殊,包含一个字 或一个成份。如:Good morning! Hello! Thanks!  Happy New Year.等。

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5.陈述句变感叹句时可按下列步骤进行:

 (1)首先将陈述句在谓语后面断开。如:The tree is/ very tall.    Lily is/ a good girl.

 (2)在后一部分前加how或what。判断的依据是:如果后一部分的中心词是形容词或副词则加how,如果后一部分的中心词是名词要加what。然后将前后两部分位置进行调换,注意大小写及标点符号的调整。如:How tall the tree is!       What a good girl Lily is!

注意:如果陈述句中的形容词或副词前有very, quite, so, too等程度副词修饰,变成感叹句后一定要去掉。

简单句 并列句 复合句分解

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4.感叹句中主语和谓语总是放在句末,且为陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后,放在前面的是强调的部分。在口语中,只要能将句意表达清楚明白,可将句中的主语、谓语省略,甚至How后面的强调部分也可省略。如:

 What a happy baby (it is)! 多么快乐的婴儿啊!

 How cold (it is)! 多冷的天气啊!           

 How (fast) time flies! 时间过得真快啊!

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3.How引导感叹句,在句中作状语修饰形容词、副词。其结构为:

 (1)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!

 (2)How+形容词+ a(an)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如:

  How delicious they are! 它们多么好吃啊!

  How well she is singing! 她唱得多么好啊!

  How nice a day it is! 多么好的天气啊!

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2.What引导感叹句时,在句中作定语修饰句中的名词,名词前常有形容词修饰。其结构为:

(1)What +a(an) +形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语!

(2)What +形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语!如:

  What a nice picture it is! 多么好的一幅画啊!

  What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊!

  What bad weather it is! 多么糟糕的天气啊!

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To learn English well is very important, isn't it?

Doing morning exercises is good for your health, isn't it?

感叹句

1.感叹句由what或how引导,句末常用感叹号,用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈情感。

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What fine weather, isn't it?

What a clever boy, isn't he?

How cool the water is, isn't it?

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