5. prison

• 1)(c)监狱，拘留所

•This is a model prison.

•2)(u)监禁，禁锢

•　 He was in prison for ten years.

•3) 有关短语

break prison /jail 越狱，从狱中逃走

•　 escape from prison 逃出监狱

•　 　put / throw sb into prison 把…投进监牢　　　

•　 　be set out of prison 被放出监狱

　　 go to prison 入狱

注意：无冠词表抽象意义，加冠词the 指具体的地方，类似的词还有school, bed, sea , hospital, church等。

　　 He is old enough to go to school.

　　 He went to the school to see his father.

4) n. 犯人 prisoner　

　 keep sb as prisoner 把…当成犯人

4．youth　 n.

1)青春期

During his youth, he lived in China.

2) a young person (c)

After the match, 　　　　　　were arrested. (几个年轻人)

3) young people considered as a group 集合名词

The youth of our city　　　　　　 . (总的来说是有礼貌的)

3.murder

　n. 谋杀，谋杀案

　 There are six murders in a week.

v. 谋杀, (因为无技巧或知识糟蹋了)某事物

　 等她发现你干了什么事的时候,她会把你给杀了。

　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　murder a piece of music　　　　 murder the English language

murderer 杀人犯，murderess女杀人犯

2.civil

(1)公民的

•　　　 civil liberty/rights　

•　　　 civil duties/responsibilities

•　　 (2)国内的

•civil war,　 civil affairs

(3)文职的

•civil servant文职人员，公务员

3.) free　 vt.　 释放, 解除, 使摆脱( 常和介词from或of连用)

eg.　 free him from the debts　 免除他的债务

8. gather

v. 1) 聚集，集合，召集

　　 Gather round and listen to me. 围过来听我说。

　 2) 收集

　　 Give me a moment to gather my notes together.

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　给我一些时间整理一下笔记。

　3)搜集

she gathered up her scattered belongs and left.

　 她把自己散乱的物品收好就走了。

. 4)收割，收获，逐渐增加，恢复

　 The small boy gathered mushrooms in the field.

　 小男孩在田中采集蘑菇。

　 The darkness is gathering.夜色渐浓。

　 The car gathered speed.汽车的速度逐渐加快了。

　 The patient is gathering strength.病人的体力在渐渐复原。

辨析：gather/collect

　 gather 指把分散的东西集中到一起，一点一滴地收集，如花卉，果实，消息，书籍等；collect 强调有计划和选择的收集，如筹款、集邮。

　 He is gathering information.

　 Do you collect stamps?

7.die phrases

　 die away 逐渐停止，逐渐消失

　 die out 灭绝

die down平息，熄灭，逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊

　 die off 相继死去　 die for 迫切想要

　 die by one’s own hand自尽

　 die for one’s own country为国捐躯

　 one’s dying wish/words 临终愿望/遗言

eg. 1). The moth’s habitat is being destroyed and it has nearly died out.

　 2). As the widow was still middle-aged, her relatives all

　 die off.

　 3). After the excitement of the audience died down, the

　　 speaker restarted his speech.

　 4) The noise of the motorcar died away.

　 5). Karl Marx believed that religion was based on superstition, and that it would ultimately__C______.

　 A. die for　 B. die of　　 C. die out　 D. die down

6.leave

　1). go away from 离开

　 我们该离开了。It’s time for us to leave.

　 leave… for …..离开…去…

　2).使或让某人(物)处于某种状态

　 Don’t leave him waiting outside.不要让他在外面等着。

　 Leave the door open. 让门开着吧。

　3).将某物留给某人 leave sth. to sb.

　　 How much did he leave? 他留下多少钱？

　4) leave sth. aside 不考虑某事，忽略

　 Leaving the expense aside, do we actually need a second car?费用多少且不说，且问我们真的需要另一部车吗？

5.take phrases:

　 take …for…________　 take apart_________

　 take back ________　　 take off _________

　 take off _________　　 take on __________

　 take to __________　　 take out ________　

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　 take over接管　 take after 与…相像

　 take up 开始从事活动，占据，拿起，接受

　 take a(one’s) chance冒险一试，碰运气，投机

　 take in 接受，欺骗，理解

4．….and the scars run deep.

　1) run deep 表示(情感、伤疤等)“变得非常强烈”

　　 “刻骨铭心”“进入内心深处”

　 The prejudice runs deep and we need to understand the fears behind it.

偏见已变得非常严重，我们有必要认识偏见后面的恐怖。

　2)link-v. 变得；变成

　 eg. The water ran cold.水边凉了。

　　 I have run short of money.我的钱已变完了。

　3).Don’t try to run before you can walk. 奔跑

　 This machine runs by electricity. 运转，开动

　 He is running a big company.　 经营，管理

　 Can I run you home?　 运载，运送

　 Rivers run into the sea.　 流，淌

5)　　　 run phrases:

run down (被车辆)撞倒，撞伤，追捕，追获

　run for竞选

run into 撞上，偶然碰见　 run off 复印，打印

run out of用完，用尽　 run out用完，用尽

run over 溢出，滴出，略读，略述，碾过

　　 run after 追踪，追捕

run across 偶遇　 in the long run 归根到底，终究，从长远看