题目列表(包括答案和解析)
2.完成式的被动形式
I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team. 我听说他被选为球队的教练。
Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the school library.在被带去看了实验室之后,我们又被带去参观校图书馆。
D. 动词-ing形式的否定形式
动词的-ing形式的否定形式是由not 加动词的-ing形式构成。
His not coming made everyone present very disappointed. 他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。
I'm sorry for not being present at the meeting in time. 我很抱歉没能按时赴会。
Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址,我只好在家里等着。
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课,他考试不及格。
1.一般式的被动形式
The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问题很重要。
I can't stand being kept waiting. 我不堪久候。
3. 动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。
I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。
He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。
B. 动词-ing形式的完成式
动词的-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作,这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 在这个城市生活了3年,她对这里已很熟悉。
I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲,我真的很遗憾。
注意:
在现代英语中,作宾语的-ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。
I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲,我真的很遗憾。(=I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.)
We remembered seeing the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。(=We remembered having seen the film. )
C. 动词-ing形式的被动形式
动词的-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。
2. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。
They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。
She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking. 她倾听她邻居的讲话。
与动词不定式一样,动词的-ing形式也具有动词的特征,有时态和语态的变化,并可带状语、宾语等。
A.动词 -ing形式的一般式
1. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作,没有特别的时间意义。
Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。
Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。
2. 介词to
If you stick to the truth, you will have nothing to fear. 如果你坚持真理,就没有什么可害怕的。
You must get used to getting up early. 你必须习惯早起。
Isn't it time you got down to marking those papers 难道还没到你定下心来阅卷的时间吗?
必背:常见的带介词to的短语
be used to 习惯
be equal to 胜任
be given to 沉溺于
be opposed to 反对
be related to与……有关
devote oneself to 献身于
get down to 着手做
give rise to 引起
lead to 导致
look forward to 盼望
object to 反对
pay attention to 注意
put one's mind to 全神贯注于
stick to 坚持
动词的-ing形式
动词的-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”(gerund)和“现在分词”(present participle)两个部分。动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征,同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。
1. 不定式符号to
He made it a rule to read English aloud for half an hour every morning. 他坚持每天早晨朗读半小时英语。
These young lads are longing to go to watch the football match. 这几个小伙子极想去看足球赛。
必背:常见的带不定式符号to的短语
be supposed to do应该做某事
be determined to do 决心要做某事
fail to do 未能做某事
go all out to do 全力以赴做某事
have the nerve to do 有胆量做某事
have a great mind to do 很想做某事
make a point to do 坚持做某事
make up one's mind to do 决定做某事
take the trouble to do 不辞辛苦地做某事
prepare oneself to do 有思想准备做某事
4.在对话的答语中的happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready, pleased, afraid等形容词之后。
---Will you lend me a hand 你能帮我一个忙吗?
---I'm willing to, but I can't now. 我很愿意,但现在不行。
---Would you please come to my birthday party tomorrow 明天下午来参加我的生日聚会好吗?
---I'll be glad to. 我很乐意。
提示:
如果动词不定式是to be或to have,则一般不省。
--- Did you finish the work 你的工作完成了吗?
--- No, but I hoped to have. 没有,但我希望已经完成了。
C.介词to和不定式符号to
to既可以是不定式符号,后接动词原形;to也可以是介词,后接名词或动词的-ing形式。英语中有很多常用短语带有to,我们要正确判断to是不定式符号还是介词,千万不可混淆。
3.在做宾语补足语的ask, tell, order, advise, persuade, warn, wish, permit, allow, forbid等动词之后。
Don't do anything unless your father tells you to. 除非你父亲叫你去做,不然不要做任何事情。
---May I use your car 我可以用你的汽车吗?
---No, I forbid you to. 不,我禁止你使用。
2.在want, decide, like, love, hope, wish, mean, refuse, try等动词之后。
You may go with them if you hope to. 如果你希望的话,你可以和他们一起去。
---Did you go to see the Great Wall 你游览长城了吗?
---I wanted to, but I was too busy. 我本来想去的,但我太忙了。
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