57.　 The underlined sue in paragraph two probably means ____.

A.　 to criticize formally　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　　B. to start a legal case

C.　　 to give thanks to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　D.　 to draw attention to

56. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?

A. The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.

B. Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic　 Games.

C. A game should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.

D. More and more athletes will compete for their own honor.

E

Most musicians and artists say the Internet has helped them make more money from their work despite online file-trading services that allow users to copy songs and other material for free, according to a study released on Sunday.

Recording labels and movie studios have hired groups of lawyers to pursue(追究)networks like Kazaa, and have sued thousands of individuals who spread out copyrighted material through such networks.

But most of the artists surveyed by the nonprofit Pew Internet and American Life Project said online file sharing did not concern them much.

Artists were divided on the rewards of peer-to-peer networks, with 47 percent saying that they prevent artists from earning royalties(版税)for their work and another 43 percent saying they helped promote and spread their material.

But two-thirds of those surveyed said file sharing caused little threat to them, and less than one-third of those surveyed said file sharing was a major threat to creative industries. Only 3 percent said the Internet hurt their ability to protect their creative works.

“What we hear from a wide range of artists is that, despite the real challenges of protecting work online, the Internet has opened new ways for them to exercise their imaginations and sell their creations,” said report author Mary Madden, a research specialist at the Pew Internet and American Life Project.

The nonprofit group based its report on a survey of 809 self-identified artists in December 2003.

55. The author gives the example in paragraph 2 to show ______.

A. how false national pride led to undesirable incidents in international games

B. that sportsmen are often against the final decisions

C. that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendship

D. that unfair decisions are common in the Olympic Games

54. What did the manager mean by saying, “Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”?

A. His team would no longer take part in international games.

B. Hockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions.

C. There should be no more Hockey matches organized by the Federation.

D. The Federation should break up.

53. The underlined word “disallowed”(in Paragraph 2)means “______”.

A. permitted to pass

B. considered as reasonable

C. won by the other side

D. refused to accept

52. According to the author, recently the Olympic Games have ______.

A. created goodwill between the nations

B. brought about only false national pride

C. hardly showed any international friendship

D. put an end to misunderstanding and hatred

51. Which of the following statements are NOT true according to the passage?

A. The new discovery of the skulls and the research proved the modern humans might have started in Africa.

B. Prof. Ian McDougall thought Omo I and II were the oldest human fossils discovered.

C. Prof. Ian McDougall discovered that Omo I and II were not the same age.

D. Omo I and II were discovered in southern Ethiopia.

D

Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together, they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: international competitions encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred(憎恨). There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sport encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident including the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by incidents caused mainly by smaller national contests.

One country received its second-place medals with visible anger after the hockey(曲棍球)final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were sure that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in great anger when he said, “This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.” The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension(停赛)of the team for at least three years.

Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages　 aggressive patriotism(爱国主义).

50. How many years older have modern humans become by the new discovery?

A. 130,000. 　　B. 40,000. 　　C. 195,000. 　　D. Between 154,000 and 160,000.

49. By which means could scientists tell the age of fossils they have found?

A. The bones of the fossils. 　　　　　　B. The place where they were found.

C. The history of humans. 　　　　　　　D. Identifying the rock layers of the fossils.

48. The new product has drawn attention from some _________.

A. famous people　　 B. referees　 C. big companies　 D. countries

C

Two skulls(头颅骨)found in Africa have been identified as the oldest human remains known to science. The fossilized(化石)bones found in 1967 were originally thought to be 130,000 years old. But a re-dating of rock layers near those which yielded the fossils showed they are actually about 195,000 years old---from the time modern humans appeared. The skulls, known as Omo I and II, push back the known presence of Homo sapiens(现代人)in Africa by 40,000 years. The previous oldest Homo sapiens skulls, dated to between 154,000 and 160,000 years old, were found near a village called Herto in the afar region of eastern Ethiopia. Omo I and II were unearthed by famous paleontologist(古生物学家)Richard Leakey along the Omo River in southern Ethiopia, near the town of Kibish. Omo I’s more modern features led to disagreement among experts over whether they were the same age. The rocks in which they were found show they are, said an Australian archaeologist Prof. Ian McDougall, who made the discovery. He told scientific journal “Nature”: “Omo I and Omo II are relatively securely dated to 195,000 years old, making them the oldest anatomically(解剖学的)modern human fossils yet recovered”