57. Modern psychologists hold the view that　　　　　　 .

A. children must be understood and respected

B. children are small adults and they know what they need

C. children are better off without learning lessons

D. education of children is the responsibility of psychologists

56. Under the old system, children were　 　　　　　.

A. made to learn passively　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. spoiled by their parents

C. treated as adults　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. were forced to become parrots

55. Why has the government issued “the Eight Honours and Disgraces”?

A. To ask Chinese people to gain more knowledge. 　 B. To tell people to obey laws.

C. To tell people that science is very important　　　D. To help Chinese people form life values.

E

The question of what children learn, and how they should learn it, is continually being debated and redebated. Nobody dares any longer to defend the old system, the parrot-fashion(way of learning by repeating what others say)of learning lessons, the grammar-with-a-whip(鞭子)system, which was good enough for our grandparents. The theories of modern psychology have stepped in to argue that we must understand the needs of our children. Children are not just small adults; they are children who must be respected as such.

Well, you may say, this is as it should be, and a good idea. But think further. What happens? “Education” becomes the responsibility not of teachers, But of psychologists. What happens then? Teachers worry too much about the psychological implications(暗示)of their lessons, and forget about the subjects themselves. If a child dislikes a lesson, the teacher feels that it is his fault, not the child’s. So teachers worry whether history is “relevant” to modern young children. And do they dare to recount stories about violent battles?　Or will this make the children themselves violent? Can they tell their classes about children of different races, or will this encourage racial hatred? Why teach children to write grammatical sentences? Oral expression is better. Sums? Arithmetic? No: real-life mathematical situations are more understandable.

You see, you can go too far, Influenced by educational theorists, who have nothing better to do than write books about their ideas, teachers leave their teaching-training colleges filled with grand, psychological ideas about children and their needs. They make complicated(复杂)preparations and try out their “modern methods” on the long-suffering children. Since one “modern method” rapidly replaces another, the poor kids will have well been fed up by the time they leave school. Frequently the modern methods are so complicated that they fail to be understood by the teachers, let alone the children; even more often, the relaxed discipline so necessary for the “informal” feeling the class must have, prevents all but a handful of children from learning anything.

54. Which of the following is NOT good?

A. You found a wallet on the ground. There was nobody around. You couldn’t find its owner and you didn’t know where you should hand it in. So you kept it.

B. You have too much homework, but a very funny cartoon is on TV. You still goon doing your homework until you finish it.

C. You are in a noisy class. The other students are talking loudly. You can’t listen to the teacher clearly, so you ask them to be quiet.

D. You heard somebody say bad things about China. You are brave enough to tell him it’s not good to do so.

53. A boy was seriously ill. His grandpa thought the hospital could do nothing about the boy’s illness. He asked a witch to help him. This was against _______ value.

A. the first　 　　　　　　　　 B. the third　 　　　　　　　　 C. the seventh　　　 D. the eighth

8. Know plain living and hard struggle; do not waste away in luxuries and pleasure.

7. Obey the law, be disciplined; don’t break laws and violate discipline.

6. Be honest and trustworthy; don’t chase profit at the expense of your values.

5. Be united and help each other; don’t benefit at the expense of others.

3. Value science; don’t be ignorant. 　　　　4. Work hard, don’t be lazy and hate work.