阅读下面的文字，完成小题。
针挑土（芳菲）
从湘西回来，和朋友们说起黑妮；说起在凤凰的偶遇，说起跟她去苗寨跑了一天，看她做的种种事，感慨得很；说想起一句记不全的俗语，“什么什么像针挑土，什么什么像水推沙”，黑妮就是在针挑土；黑妮！黑妮……
一说起黑妮，脑子里一边浮现她朴素清瘦的样子，不知为什么有隐隐的心疼。凤凰是她的故乡，但和我们这些外人在一起，倒是她有几分害羞腼腆。黑妮如今工作、居住在意大利，做湘西扶贫工作的时间不短了。最初是一帮一地助学，先后帮了几十个孩子。前些年申请到一笔经费，设计了“湘援游”这个项目。如今每年都会回来几趟，带来游人，带来捐款；关键是，耐心地、苦口婆心地，教苗族妇女如何保存她们优美的刺绣艺术。“负责任的旅游”，听黑妮说，这一旅游概念正在欧洲兴起，它强调旅行者对目的地生存和文化的责任，在旅游资费中，捐出一部分作为扶持当地可持续发展的基金。
黑妮就在其中做穿针引线的工作。
她在大山里找出苗族传统文化仍保持良好的村寨，从房屋构造、村寨形态、人伦礼仪……最后落实到妇女们的苗绣——这是可以直接带来经济效益的活计。传统苗绣缤纷五彩，灵动有情，但如今在慢慢地退化、消失，机器绣品在泛滥。黑妮，就要跟她们一遍遍地讲，什么是好，什么是不好，不要跟着外面转，要相信你们的祖母和母亲，看着眼前的山水，怀着美好的心愿，做自己创造性的苗绣。
那天，我们上午去的是老家寨，一路颠簸，开了一个多小时，我已经在揪着心开始晕车了。最后步行20分钟进寨。在山间步行其实是美好的，暖暖的冬阳，弯弯曲曲镶嵌在田野中的蛮石路，清新的空气，收割干净的田野……老家寨的妇女已得知黑妮要来，身着节日服装的她们已经聚集等候，先用快乐的迎客歌在院子里欢迎，然后进屋拿出各自的绣品，等黑妮来评判。
看样子情况不乐观。黑妮没有面露喜色，也没有愠色。她还是那么一字一句、认真地批评她们：“这个不好，一看就是跟机器学的。”“这个线不好，要用棉线。我们这次带了些来。”……
黑妮，你这是在做什么？我站在院子里看着这一幕情景，有点发懵。她从那么远跑来,又跑了这么久的山路,就是想通过几句温和的话塑造她们对美和丑的观念吗?堂屋壁板上贴满各种画片,是这个家的装饰墙,也好似所有外来影响的象征:正中一张有些陈旧的毛主席像,把一个更陈旧的大红双喜字贴去了一大半,左边是海南风光照,右边是明星李小龙的赤身拳照,两个胖娃娃图片,一幅小小的西洋画《泉》。
下午去另一个苗寨，又是近两小时车程。“这一个绣得比较好，就是村寨的形态不如老家寨，建了些新房。”黑妮对一个个目的地都很了解。等到回程，太阳已经有倦容了。
晚上我们在沱江边吉夫开的咖啡馆休息聊天。吉夫是湘援游志愿者，今天一路一直是他提着大包的棉线。黑妮的湘援游，就是靠这些当地的志愿者，不取一毫地付出，才运作起来。今天开车的“李万通”，也有自己的公司。
咖啡馆的壁挂上有一个插页，取下一看，是凤凰手绘地图，封面图案取自传统苗绣，那五彩灵动的喜鹊，我看得呆了一下，原来这样好。地图10元一份，买下可算对湘援游的支持，还可得一枚徽章作奖励。我想了想，红着脸买了四份，说回去送朋友。素静的黑妮眼睛亮了。老天！
这有什么用！我心里说。
有没有用，真不知道，但我忘不掉他们。我查了针挑土的俗语，原来是这样说的：“成家好似针挑土，败家好似水推沙”，“赚钱好似针挑土，花钱好似水推沙”，一下把我的心挑亮了！既然世世代代，要成就一件事都这样难，从来就这样难，那么，以难易成败来衡量黑妮们的行为，有什么意义呢？且写下这一短文，送上对她的祝福吧。
（有删改）
【小题1】“黑妮就在其中做穿针引线的工作”一句单独成段，联系全文，谈谈作者这样写的用意，以及你对这句话的理解。（6分）
【小题2】解释下列两句话在文中的含义。（4分）
(1) 等到回程，太阳已经有倦容了。
(2) 素静的黑妮眼睛亮了。
【小题3】文中反复出现的“针挑土”有哪些丰富的内涵？（6分）
【小题4】面对黑妮的“针挑土”行为，“我”表现出怎样复杂的情感态度？以“我”的见闻和感慨组织文章，有哪些作用？（6分）

Old age may not sound exciting. But recent findings offer good news for older people and for people worried about getting older. Researchers found that people become happier and experience less worry after they reach the age of fifty. In fact, they say by the age of eighty-five, people are happier with their life than they were when they were eighteen years old.

The researchers asked questions about emotions like happiness, sadness and worry. They also asked about mental or emotional stress. They also found that levels of stress were highest among adults between the ages of twenty-two and twenty-five.The findings showed that stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties.

The study also showed that men and women have similar emotional patterns as they grow older. However, women at all ages reported more sadness, stress and worry than men.

Researchers say they do not know why happiness increases as people get older. One theory is that, as people grow older, they grow more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions. They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences.

1.When will people become happier and experience less worry?

A. 18 years old     B. 80 years old     C. 50 years old    D. 25 years old

2.What does the underlined word“emotions”mean in Paragragh Two?

A. 体力           B. 情感          C. 智力         D. 目标

3.Who has the most sadness, stress and worry?

A. a fifty-year-old man             B. a fifty-year-old woman

C. a twenty-five-year-old woman       D. a twenty-five-year-old man

4.According to the last paragraph, why may people be happier at an older age?

A. They are more thankful for what they have

B. They have better control of their emotions

C. They spend less time thinking about their bad experiences

D. All of the above.

 

阅读上面的5段语言材料，请找出与它们相对应的标题。

1.Your best chance of success is by doing what you really want to do. Ask yourself, “If money were not so important, what kind of work would I do for free?” Then just do what you like to do.

2.Think about what you are going to do. You have to start somewhere and it may be quite a real beginning. Whether you are beginning in business or you’re dreaming to be a star, you have to start at the bottom.

3.Great ambition（目标）is necessary. An English student called Richard Brason opened a student magazine when he was only 16 years old. But he didn’t stop there. He also opened a record business with many shops, and now his company has planes, trains and cars.

4.The only people who succeed without hard work are lottery（彩票）winners. You need a “can do” attitude（态度）and you must work step by step, which will help you get what you really want. You are on the right way to win the success.

5.If you always say someone is successful, it doesn’t mean anything to you. Learn from those who have already succeeded in something, especially where they do the same as you want to do.

A．Think big

B．Start small

C．Follow the leaders

D．Find the work you love

E. Be prepared to work hard

 

面对低效照明电光源存在浪费能源和污染环境的严峻形势，中国1996年启动绿色照明工程。实施之初照明节电产品存在技术水平低、产品质量不稳定等问题。通过多年不懈努力，高效照明产品的普及应用，推动了全社会照明节电意识的普遍提高。2011年11月1日中国发布淘汰白炽灯路线图，决定从2012年10月1日起，按功率大小分五个阶段逐步禁止进口和销售普通照明白炽灯。采用高效照明产品替代白炽灯，将有利于积极应对全球气候变化，实现“十二五”节能减排目标。
（1）运用唯物辩证法发展观分析上述材料。（10分）
（2）请运用社会存在与社会意识辩证关系原理说明我国启动绿色照明工程、逐步淘汰白炽灯的必要性。（6分）

阅读上面的5段语言材料，请找出与它们相对应的标题。

1.Your best chance of success is by doing what you really want to do. Ask yourself, “If money were not so important, what kind of work would I do for free?” Then just do what you like to do.

2.Think about what you are going to do. You have to start somewhere and it may be quite a real beginning. Whether you are beginning in business or you’re dreaming to be a star, you have to start at the bottom.

3.Great ambition（目标）is necessary. An English student called Richard Brason opened a student magazine when he was only 16 years old. But he didn’t stop there. He also opened a record business with many shops, and now his company has planes, trains and cars.

4.The only people who succeed without hard work are lottery（彩票）winners. You need a “can do” attitude（态度）and you must work step by step, which will help you get what you really want. You are on the right way to win the success.

5.If you always say someone is successful, it doesn’t mean anything to you. Learn from those who have already succeeded in something, especially where they do the same as you want to do.

A. Think big     B. Start small     C. Follow the leaders    

D. Find the work you love     E. Be prepared to work hard