except, except for, except that与besides

　　　 except将一个或几个人或物从同一类或普通的种类中除外；其后可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)或wh?从句。

　　　 besides意为“除……之外(尚有……)”，except是它的反义词；except表示“减云”，而besides表示“加上”。

　　　 except for说明整个基本情况后，对细节加以纠正；其后一般接名词。

　　　 except that用来表示理由或细节，修正前面所说的情况，其后须接从句，可以与except for互换。

　　　 ①All came except Jane.除了珍妮外，大家都来了。(“Jane”和“all”是同一概念范畴内的词，都是指“人”，用except,不用except for)

　　　 ②They all went there besides Tom.除汤姆(去了)以外，他们也都去了。

　　　 ③He is a good man except for hot temper.他是个好人，只是脾气暴躁而已。(temper和man不是同一概念范畴的词，temper只是man的一个侧面，因此用except for,而不用except)

　　　 ④Your article is quite good except that there are several spelling mistakes.

　　　 =Your article is quite good except for several spelling mistakes.

　　　 你的文章很好，只是有几处拼写错误。

8．come to light发现，暴露

　　　 Much more new evidence has come to light, so the judges have to sentence the man to death.

　　　 When the old woman died, it came to light that she was actually very rich.

　　　 come out出版，发行；come down下降

　　　 come into effect (force)开始生效；come into sight被望见

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 come to a conclusion做结论；come to an end结束；come to life活跃，起来；come to oneself恢复知觉，正常；come to the point谈正题；come off从……掉下来

7．tell…apart识别，辨别

　　　 Can you tell Jane and Lucy apart? For they look so alike.

　　　 tell A from B把A与B区别开

　　　 tell the difference between A and B区分AB

　　　 A be different from BA与B不同

　　　 A differs from BA与B有别

6．commit vt.犯；(不合法的、错的或愚蠢的事)

commit a crime/suicide犯罪/自杀

　　　 commit sb.(oneself) to sth/doing sth承诺某事/做某事

　　　 commit sb./sth. to sth.将某人(事)交给某处保留(处理)

5．remark n.&vi.评论；评述

　　　 remark on/upon sb./sth.说/写/评论(关于某人/某事物)

　　　 A lot of people have remarked on the similarity between them.

　　　 make a rude remark说出无礼的话

4．cancel vt.取消，废除

　　　 cancel (sth.) out抵消；中和

　　　 She cancelled her trip to New York as she felt ill.

　　　 The losses of four overseas section cancel out the profits made by the company at home.

3． assume vt.假定；设想；假装；承担

　　　 We can assume profits of around 5%.

　　　 assume a false name用假名字

　　　 assume control of sth.得到某物的控制权

2．convince vt.使确信，说服

　　　 convince sb. that …使某人相信

　　　 convince sb. of sth.使某人明白某事

　　　 convince sb. to do sth.说服某人干某事

　　　 How can I convince you of her honesty?

　　　 What convinced you to vote for them?

1．astonish vt.使惊讶，使震惊

　　　 The news astonished everyone.

　　　 It astonished me that no one had thought of it before.

　　　 astonished adj.astonishing adj.astonishment n.

24． 《论语》对后人的思想有深刻的影响。请引用《论语》中与下面文字意思相仿的一句话，然后分析它们所表达的思想。(4分)

　“大凡君子与君子以同道为朋，小人鱼小人以同利为朋，此自然之理也。”(欧阳修《朋党论》)